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1 Sir Kenneth Grubb, A Layman Looks At The Church, London, 1964, p.39.
2 Keith Cole, Sincerity My Guide: A Biography of the Right Reverend P.W. Stephenson (1888-1962), Melbourne, 1970, p.89.
3 Nehemiah 1:3.
4 Nehemiah 8:3-5.
5 Nehemiah 8:17.
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6 Matthew 28:19.
7 H.F. Ault, The Nelson Narrative: The Story of the Church of England in the Diocese of Nelson, New Zealand 1858 to
1958, Nelson, 1958.
8 E.H. Carr, What is History, 2nd edn, London, 2008, p.30.
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9 Bill Wilkens
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10 Cole, p.121.
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11 Cole, p.81.
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1 Sadlier, Letter to The Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, 4 November 1919, Letterbook 1266,
Anglican Centre Archives, Nelson.
2 For more information about these societies see: http://www.uspg.org.uk/article.php?article_id=130 and
http://www.spck.org.uk/about-spck/index/
Chapter One 3

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="$%(4%?R1(S=%1(5'(F5FI(16#(,6R3F(5'(="$%(4%%1( Bishop of New Zealand
&R&'"51%F(f1"1,5"33/C( George Augustus Selwyn
Used with permission from
the John Kinder Theological Library

3 William Hart, ‘A Sermon Preached at the Consecration of the Lord Bishop of New Zealand’, 17 October 1841,
http://anglicanhistory.org/nz/selwyn/consecration1841.html
4 W.P. Morrell, The Anglican Church in New Zealand: A History, Dunedin, 1973, p.62.
5 Sadlier, Letter to The Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, 4 November 1919, Letterbook 1266,
Anglican Centre Archives, Nelson.
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Early Map of the Diocese of Nelson


Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington,
NZ. Image 24562-BK-836-MAP

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6 Ruth M. Allan, Nelson: A History of Early Settlement, Wellington, 1965, p.168.


7 H.F. Ault, The Nelson Narrative: The Story of the Church of England in the Diocese of Nelson, New Zealand
1858 to 1958, Nelson, 1958, p.8.
Chapter One 5

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8 Allan, p.169.
9 Morrell, p.66.
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10 Allan, p.168.
11 Shirley Tunnicliff (ed.), The Selected Letters of Mary Hobhouse, Wellington, 1992, p. 110.
12 Allan, p.168.
13 Ault, pp.26,28.
14 Walter Hobhouse, Sermons and Addresses by Edmund Hobhouse, D.D, First Bishop of Nelson, N.Z, with a
short memoir by his son Walter Hobhouse, London, 1905, p.25.
15 Ault, pp.27-28.
Chapter One 7

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16 T.P. Clarke, Bishop Hobhouse. MA Thesis, Victoria University, Wellington, 1977, pp.23,93.
17 Hobhouse, p.25.
18 Clarke, p.106.
19 Ault, pp.27,33.
20 Clarke, p.98.
21 Tunnicliff, The Selected Letters of Mary Hobhouse, p.105.
P%%%%%3:;7<=>%?@%4;:A<

Christ Church Nelson in 1851

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22 Ault, p.40.
23 Hobhouse, p.65.
24 Ault, p.47.
Chapter One 9

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25 Clarke, p.37; Ault, p.47.


26 Bishop’s address to synod, 1935, Year book and summary of proceedings of the synods of the Diocese of Nelson
1932-1935, Anglican Centre Archives, Nelson, pp.17-45.
27 Ault, p.203.
28 Clarke, pp.66, 106.
29 Ault, p.34.
30 Ibid., p.208.
31 Ibid., pp.39,49.
/1%%%%%3:;7<=>%?@%4;:A<

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32 Ibid., p.44.
33 Shirley Tunnicliff, ‘The Episcopate of Edmund Hobhouse, First Bishop of Nelson’, Anglican Historical Society
Bulletin, No. 13, April 1999, p.6; ‘Police Court’, The Colonist, 15 May 1863, p.2; Ault, p.42.
34 Tunnicliff, The Selected Letters of Mary Hobhouse, p.105; ‘Monthly Summary of Events’,
The Nelson Examiner, 19 June 1866, p.5.
35 Ault, p.46.
36 Ibid., p.197.
37 Ibid., p.47.
38 Ibid., p.195.
39 Ibid., pp.44-46.
Chapter One 11

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40 Allan Davidson and Peter Lineham, Transplanted Christianity, 2nd edn, Palmerston North, 1989, p.109.
41 Ault, pp.325-27.
42 Ibid., p.46.
43 Ibid., pp.328,343.
44 Ibid., p.64.
/c%%%%%3:;7<=>%?@%4;:A<

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,6361/(5'&%3*(S"&(%KN%#5%1,51?(%,616G5,("1F(N6NR3"'561(?#6S'=(FR#51?('=%(7_L9&C(J#%G5%#(
iR35R&(d6?%3(,"GN"5?1%F('6(46##6S(6$%#&%"&(,"N5'"3('6(4R53F(#6"F&("1F(#"53S"/&C89((!6S%$%#I(

45 Ibid., pp.65-66.
46 Ibid., pp.67-68.
47 ‘Obituary’, Church Recorder for the Diocese of Nelson, No. 11, 1895, pp. 93-96.
48 Ault, p.72.
49 Ibid., p.89.
50 Keith Sinclair, A History of New Zealand, Mitcham, Victoria, Australia, 1959, p.152.
Chapter One 13

The Suter Art Gallery/Te


Aratoi O Whakatu, 2010.
Courtesy of Paula Cunniffe

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51 Ault, pp.195-96.
52 Ibid., pp.200-201.
53 Ibid., pp.68-69.
54 Ibid., p.91.
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55 Ibid., p.84-86.
56 ‘Religious Teaching in Public Schools’, The Nelson Examiner, 19 January 1870, p.5.
57 ‘Religious Teaching in Schools’, The Nelson Examiner, 21 October 1871, p.3.
58 Davidson and Lineham, pp.218-220.

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