ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH-

INTRODUCTION-
Analysis of quantitative data deals with information collected during research study, which
can be quantified , and statistical calculations can be computed.

STEPS-

1. DATA PREPARATION (CLEANING AND ORGANIZING DATA FOR

ANALYSIS)
Data preparation involves logging or checking the data in, checking the data for correctness,
entering the data into the computer, transforming the data, and documenting as well as
developing a data base structure to integrate different measures. data preparation involves the
following steps.

COMPILATION- Compilation process includes gathering together all the collected data in a
manner that a process of analysis can be initiated .

EDITING- Editing implies the checking of the gathered data for accuracy, utility, and
completeness .

CODING-coding is important for analysis as numerous replies can be reduced to a small

number of classes through coding .

CLASSIFICATION- the classification of data is necessary , as many researches result in

large volumes of raw data which must be reduced to homogeneous groups.

 geographic classification
 chronological classification
 qualitative classification
 quantitative classification

TABULATION-

a table is a tabular representation of statistical data. tabulation is the first step before data can
be used for further statistical analysis and interpretation. the tabulation means the systematic
presentation of the information contained in the data in rows and columns in accordance with
some common feature and characteristics. rows are horizontal and columns are vertical
arrangements. basically tables are four types-

 frequency distribution table

 contingency tables
 multiple response tables
 miscellaneous tables
2. DESCRIBING THE DATA ( DESCRIPTIVE OR SUMMARY
STATISTICS)
Descriptive statistic is used to describe the basic features of data and to provide simple
summaries about the sample and the measures used in a study. it is also used to describe the
main features of a collection of data in quantitative terms. percentages, means of central
tendency (mean, median ,and mode), and means of dispersion (standard deviation, range and
mean deviation) are the examples of descriptive statistics.

3. DRAWING THE INTFERENCES OF DATA ( INFERENTIAL

STATISTICS)
inferential statistics help in drawing inferences from the data , for example finding the
differences, relationship, and association between two or more variables with the help of the
parametric and nonparametric statistical test. the most commonly used inferential
statistical tests are Z-TEST, t-TEST, ANOVA, CHI-SQUARE TESTS, etc. an
inference is a conclusion or judgement based on evidence. statistical inferences are made
cautiously and with great care.

4.INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION OF DATA

After the data are analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, results are described in
light of the statistical findings and statistical principles. the next step is the interpretation of
data, which is written in a separate section as ‘Discussion’ . after interpretation of results in
discussion section of research report, finally conclusion is drawn and recommendations are
made. in research reports , discussion is written as a separate section after analysis of data or
results section, which is written in logical sequences including synthesis and interpretation of
results, description of study limitations, statistical and clinical significance, conclusion and
recommendation of study.

STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE INTERPRETATIONS

 interpretations must be made in light of research problem, objectives, conceptual
frame work, hypotheses, and assumptions.
 critical examination of each element of study results before framing the
interpretations
 careful consideration and recognition of the limitations of the research study so that
inappropriate interpretation can be avoided.

SUMMARIZATION-
it uses deductive reasoning where the researcher forms an hypothesis collects data in an
investigation of the problem and then uses the data from the investigation after analysis is
made an conclusion are shared to proved the hypothesis. not false or false.
CONCLUSION-
quantitative research states hypotheses and relies on statistical analysis to support conclusion
made regarding the hypotheses.