Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit I - Non-Destructive Testing:: An Introduction, Visual Inspection & Liquid Penetrant Testing
Unit I - Non-Destructive Testing:: An Introduction, Visual Inspection & Liquid Penetrant Testing
AN INTRODUCTION, VISUAL
INSPECTION & LIQUID PENETRANT
TESTING
1.3 Introduction to Liquid penetrant
testing
Session Meta Data
Reviewer
2 v 1.2
Revision History
3 v 1.2
Session Objectives
– Understanding about liquid penetrant testing (K2:U)
4 v 1.2
Session Outcomes
• At the end of this session, participants will be able to
5 v 1.2
Agenda
6 v 1.2
Liquid penetrant testing
Introduction:
hairline cracks
surface porosity
leaks in new products
fatigue cracks on in-service components
7 v 1.2
Liquid penetrant testing-Principle
•LPT - based upon capillary action, low surface tension fluid penetrates
into clean and dry surface-breaking discontinuities.
8 v 1.2
Steps in LPT
• Pre-cleaning
• Application of Penetrant
• Excess Penetrant Removal
• Application of Developer
• Inspection
• Post cleaning
9 v 1.2
Characteristics of penetrant
• Should spread easily over the surface
• Surface defects can be identified by capillary action
• Easily removed from the surface but remain in defect
• Highly visible
• Non-harmful to the surface and isnpector
10 v 1.2
Penetrant types
• Water washable
• Solvent removable
• Post emulsifiable (Lipophilic)- Lipophilicity refers to the
ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils,
lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.
• Post emulsifiable (Hydrophilic)- A hydrophilic substance
tends to dissolve in or mix with water.
11 v 1.2
Developer types
• Dry powder
• Water soluble
• Water suspendable
• Non-aqueous
• Special applications
12 v 1.2
LPT Methods – Water washable penetrant
13 v 1.2
14 v 1.2
LPT Methods – Post emulsifiable penetrant
method
15 v 1.2
Emulsifiers are additives that help
two liquids mix. For
example, water and oil separate in a glass, but
adding an emulsifier will help the liquids mix
together.
16 v 1.2
LPT Methods – Solvent removable
penetrant method
17 v 1.2
A solvent is a substance that
dissolves a solute, resulting in
a solution. A solvent is usually
a liquid but can also be a solid,
a gas, or a supercritical fluid.
18 v 1.2
Applications – LPT
• Discontinuities open to the surface (Pressure vessels,
pipes, weldment)
• To identify fatigue cracks
19 v 1.2
Summary
• LPT - Introduction
• Need for LPT
• Various methods of LPT
• Applications of LPT
20 v 1.2
Test your understanding
1. What is the need for LPT?
2. Write the procedure for LPT.
3. Explain the various methods of LPT.
4. Describe different types of penetrant and developer.
5. Enumerate the applications of Visual inspection.
21 v 1.2
References
• 1. Baldev Raj, Jeyakumar,T., Thavasimuthu,M., “Practical Non Destructive Testing” Narosa
publishing house, New Delhi, 2002
• 2. Krautkramer. J., “Ultra Sonic Testing of Materials”, 1st Edition, Springer – Verlag Publication,
New York, 1996.
• 3. Peter J. Shull “Non Destructive Evaluation: Theory, Techniques and Application” Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, 2002
• 4. www.ndt.net 29
22 v 1.2