Chapter 3 Bearing Capacity PDF

Saint Mary’s University
School of Engineering, Architecture, and Information

Technology
Chapter III
Bearing Capacity of
Foundations
CE 504 Foundation Engineering
Engr. Andres P. Gualon Jr., MSCE

Faculty of Civil Engineering – SEAIT
CE 504: Foundation Engineering Chapter 3

1
Topics
3.1 General Concepts

3.2 Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory
3.3 Factor of Safety
3.4 General Bearing Capacity Equations
3.5 Modification of Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table
3.6 Eccentrically Loaded Foundations (One Way)
3.7 Two-Way Eccentricity
2
SMU-SEAIT Bearing Capacity of Foundations
1
Introduction
To perform satisfactorily, shallow foundations must
1. be safe against overall shear failure in the soil that supports them
2. not undergo excessive displacement, or settlement
ultimate bearing capacity, qu – the load per unit area of the foundation at
which shear failure in soil occurs
3
General Concept
• Considering a strip foundation with a width of B resting on the surface
1. General Shear Failure
• dense sand or stiff
cohesive soils
2. Local Shear Failure

• sand or clayey soil of
medium compaction
3. Punching Shear
Failure
• fairly loose soil
4
2
Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory

• Terzaghi (1943) was the first to present a comprehensive theory for the
evaluation of the ultimate bearing capacity of rough shallow foundations
• Terzaghi suggested that for a continuous/strip foundation, the failure surface
in soil at ultimate load may be assumed to be similar to a general shear failure
The failure zone under the foundation can be
separated into three parts
1. The triangular zone ACD immediately under
the foundation
2. The radial shear zones ADF and CDE, with the
curves DE and DF being arcs of a logarithmic
spiral
3. Two triangular Rankine passive zones AFH and
CEG
5
Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory
For other shapes of foundations

• Square Foundation
• Circular Foundation
6
3
Factor of Safety
Calculating the gross allowable load-bearing capacity of shallow foundations
requires the application of a factor of safety (FS) to the gross ultimate bearing
capacity, or
However, some practicing engineers prefer to use the net stress increase in soil
net ultimate bearing capacity – the ultimate pressure per unit area of the
foundation that can be supported by the soil in excess of the pressure caused
by the surrounding soil at the foundation level
7
Application Problems
1. A square foundation is 2m x 2m in plan. The soil supporting the foundation
has a friction angle of ϕ’ = 20o and c’ = 20 kN/m2. The unit weight of soil, γ,
is 16.5 kN/m3. Determine the allowable gross load on the foundation with a
factor of safety (FS) of 3. Assume that the depth of the foundation Df is 1.5
m and that general shear failure occurs in the soil.
2. Refer Problem 1. Assume that the shear-strength parameters of the soil are
the same. A square foundation measuring B x B will be subjected to an
allowable gross load of 1000 kN with FS = 3 and Df = 1 m. Determine the size
B of the foundation.
8
4
The General Bearing Capacity Equation

• To address the shortcomings of Terzaghi’s bearing capacity equation,
Meyerhof (1963) presented the general bearing capacity equation
9
10
5
11
Comparison of Nγ Values
12
6
Modification for Water Table
Case III
13
Eccentrically Loaded Foundations (One Way)
𝑄 6𝑒
𝑞 / = 1±
𝐵𝐿 𝐵
4𝑄
𝑞 =
3𝐿 𝐵 − 2𝑒
14
7
Eccentrically Loaded Foundations (One Way)

Modifications
1. Effective dimension of the foundation
B’ = B – 2e B’ = smaller
L’ = L
2. The ultimate bearing capacity
o For shape factors, use effective

dimensions B’ and L’
o For depth factors, use overall depth B
3. Ultimate load that the foundation could
sustain
𝑄 = 𝑞′ 𝐵 𝐿′
15
Two-Way Eccentricity
Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Modifications
• For shape factors, use effective dimensions B’ and L’
• For depth factors, use overall depth B
Cases
16
8
17
18
9
19
20
10
For Circular Foundations
21
11

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Saint Mary’s University

School of Engineering, Architecture, and Information

Engr. Andres P. Gualon Jr., MSCE

CE 504: Foundation Engineering Chapter 3

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

3.1 General Concepts

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

2. Local Shear Failure

Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory

For other shapes of foundations

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

The General Bearing Capacity Equation

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

The General Bearing Capacity Equation

The General Bearing Capacity Equation

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

Modification for Water Table

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

Eccentrically Loaded Foundations (One Way)

Eccentrically Loaded Foundations (One Way)

o For shape factors, use effective

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

CE 504 Foundation Engineering

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