Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Method Key Points Bottom Line Dmaic
Method Key Points Bottom Line Dmaic
Define Big Y
Affinity diagram
Data Mininig
QFD
Description
Output characteristic, Project Y Metric, Targets, Specification/Tolerance Limits, defects definition
The important high level measure that a Six Sigma project seeks to improve is known as the 'Big Y'
. Big Y should be linked to the critical customer requirements.
The Big Y is often used to generate 'little y' operational objectives that must be
improved to achieve Big Y improvements. The Big Y might be to improve diner satisfaction. The
Little y could be time to seat the customers, availability of menu choices etc.
1. Threshold Attributes (Basics). These are the basic features that customers expect a product or
service to have.
For example, when you book into a hotel, you'd expect hot water and a bed with clean linen as an
absolute minimum.
2. Performance Attributes (Satisfiers). These elements are not absolutely necessary, but they
increase a customer's enjoyment of the product or service.
Returning to our example, you'd be pleased to discover that your hotel room had free superfast
broadband and an HD TV, when you'd normally expect to find paid-for wi-fi and a standard TV.
3. Excitement Attributes (Delighters). These are the surprise elements that can really boost your
product's competitive edge . They are the features that customers don't even know they want, but
are delighted with when they find them.
An Affinity Diagram is an analytical tool used to organize many ideas into subgroups with common
themes or common relationships. The method is reported to have been developed by Jiro Kawakita
and so is sometimes referred to as the K-J method.
Quality Function Deployment is a planning process for products and services that starts with the
voice of the customer. Basically, it enables people to think together.eft side: has the customer’s
needs.
Ceiling: has the design features and technical requirements.
The Roof: a matrix describing the relationship between the design features. Used to show how the
design requirements interact with each other.
This can be an ordinal measurement scale.
Competitive Section: based primarily on the customer’s perspective.
Lower level / Foundation: Benchmarking & target values used to rank the ‘hows’. These are the
actions your organization will take to satisfy your customers.
Six Sigma - DMAIC Six Sigma - DfSS LEAN
PHASE Activities Tools Activities Tools Activities Tools
Process Owner Requirements; Financial Benefits); Project Planning/Management (ID Project Roadmap, Thought
Process Maps, CTQ Flow Diagram, Owner Requirements; CTQ Flow Diagram, SIPOC, Process
Problem Statement, CTQ, Big “Y” Resources, Complete Project Charter, Timeline); Process Map, Charter, Multi-
SIPOC, Team Charter, Customer Needs Problem Statement, CTQ, Maps, Team Charter, Customer Needs
Musts, Wants, Constraints, Scope, Identify the Customers (Target Segments, Internal vs. generation Plan
Matrix, Affinity Diagram, Data Mining Big “Y” Musts, Wants, Matrix, Affinity Diagram, Data Mining
Timing External, Stakeholder Analysis, Customer
Constraints, Scope, Timing
Prioritization); Cross Functional Team Formed
MEASURE / IDENTIFY
DEFINE
4-Block, Stakeholder Analysis, D1 - Recognize a Need for 8-D Business Data Analysis, Team
Problem Definition, Project Business Metrics and Process
SIPOC, In/Out Frame Tool, VOC and Establish a Team; D2 - Charter; Is/Is Not, Pictures, Recognize a Problem
Scoping Monitoring
Analysis, CTQ Tree Describe the Problem Problem Statement, 4-block
MEASURE / IDENTIFY
Detail Current process, Establish Describe the Problem (State IS/ IS NOT Matrix, WHAT/
Process Maps, Cause & Effect D3 - Develop Interim
Baseline, Identify Potential Containment Plan Problem as an Unknown, Specify WHERE/ WHEN/ EXTENT
Diagrams Containment Action (ICA)
Causes Problem) (Distinction - Change) Matrix
ANALYZE / CHARACTERIZE
C&E Diagram, Process Maps, Process Experts, Process Maps,
Determine Root Causes, Prioritize Cause & Effect Diagrams, Cause D4 - Define & Verify Root Cause
FMEA, 5 Whys, DOE, Conjoint Identify Possible Causes Data Analysis Tools, Fact-Finding
Causes for Action & Effect Matrix and Escape Point
Analysis, Historical Data Tools
IMPROVE / OPTIMIZE
D5 - Choose & Verify Permanent Mistake Proofing, Error Proofing,
Brainstorming, Pugh Matrix, Pilot Corrective Actions (PCAs) for Machine Settings, Specifications,
Develop Action Plan for Evaluate Possible Causes (Identify Possible Cause Matrix, IS/ IS
Plan, PDCA Cycle, SWOT Root Cause & Escape Point; D6 - SOPs, Visual Management,
Improvements Most Likely Cause) NOT Matrix
Analysis Implement & Validate Permanent Training, Implementation Plan,
Corrective Actions (PCAs) Action Item Table, Paynter Chart
CONTROL / VALIDATE
Develop Implementation Plan, D7 - Prevent Recurrence; D8 - Mistake Proofing, SPC, Control DOE, Simulations, other active
Develop Control Plan, Develop 4-Block, Communication Plan Recognize Team & Individual Plans, SOPs; Communication Confirm the True Cause tests, tools of DMAIC Improve/
Communication Plan Contributions Plan, Management Involvement Control phases
Internal Environment
Strengths Weaknesses
List of Activities Major Minor Major Minor
External Environment
Opportunity Threat
Attractiveness Probability of Succe Seriousness Probability of Occurrence
Six Sigma Project Charter Template
Project Name
Business Unit
Department
Start Date
Project Budget
Process Name
Objective
Project Y Baseline Goal Entitlement
Benefits
Scheduale
Project Name
Process
End
Customers GAPS
Requirements Stakeholders Action Plan Timing Responsibility
Project Name
Cause Cause
Cause
Cause Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Rating of Importance to
Customer
Project Outputs
Y 10
Y 11
Y 12
Y 13
Y 14
Y 15
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
Y8
Y9
Total
Process Step Process Inputs
1 Process Step 1 0
2 Process Step 1 0
3 Process Step 1 0
4 Process Step 2 0
5 Process Step 2 0
6 Process Step 2 0
7 Process Step 2 0
8 Process Step 3 0
9 Process Step 3 0
10 0
11 0
12 0
13 0
14 0
15 0
16 0
17 0
18 0
19 0
20 0
21 0
22 0
23 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
The role of Cause and Effect Matrix is to identify the inputs for FMEA. The input
variables with the highest total should be the first transferred to FMEA
Process/Product Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Process or Product
Name Prepared by
Responsible Date
use
Process Step Failure Mode Failure Effects Causes Controls max
SEV
Action Resp Timing P P P P
S O D R
What controls are in place to E C E P
May be process step, general What is the potential S O D R What specific actions are When is completion of
If the failure mode occurs, What is/are the cause/s prevent the cause from occuring Who will be accountable for V C T N
activity, functional area, or failure or undesirable
what will the effect be? E of the failure? C or to detect that the cause has E P required to improve the RPN
implementing the change
the action required or
other rational grouping outcome for this area? V C T N number planned
occurred?
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Capability Summary
Project Name
Process or Product
Name Prepared by
Responsible Date
Customer
Measurement %R&R or Upper Lower Sample
Requirement Target Cp Cpk Date Actions
Technique P/T Ratio Specification Specification Size
(Output Variable)
Process or
Product Name Prepared by
Responsible Date
Specification/
Variable
Requirement
Sub
Specification Measuremen Frequenc Control Decision Rule/
Process Process Sample Size
Characteristic t Method y Method Corrective Action
Step KPOV KPIV LSL Target USL
Six Sigma Project Selection Grid
Bubble Assessment Grid for Pro
Bubble size indicates probability
Rating scale criteria should be defined and
agreed to prior to rating the projects. 6
Impact
2 Project B 2 3 4 6.0 4
3 Project C 3 5 4 6.7
4 Project D 3 2 3 2.0
5 Project E 3 1 2 0.7 3
6 Project F 2 3 5 7.5
7 Project G 5 1 3 0.6
8 Project H 2 3 1 1.5 2
9 Project I 1 5 4 20.0
10 Project J 4 4 2 2.0
1
0
0 1 2 3
Effort
ble Assessment Grid for Project Selection
ble size indicates probability of success (large = high probability)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2 3 4 5 6
Effort
Descriptors
Six Sigma High High Low
Mature
Element 1 of 16
Financial Management
Element 2 of 16
Alignment
Alignment
Full alignment of organization wide goals and related
operational activities with strategic priorities
Committed culture of strong collaborations with
external partners to deliver mutually beneficial
relationships
Element 3 of 16
Leadership
An open and informed decision-making culture, with
clear communication on policies, objectives and
resources that support change and maintain control
during disruptive events
Element 4 of 16
Element 5 of 16
Element 6 of 16
Community Engagement
The business promotes ecologically sustainable
practices and implements procedures to limit its carbon
footprint
Policies exist and are implemented to reflect a
commitment to social responsibility and community
involvement.
The organization's stakeholders' views are mapped,
researched, reviewed and contribute to the on-going
direction and development of the organization
Element 7 of 16
Business Continuity
Established business-continuity framework in place
that defines policy, roles, responsibilities and
accountabilities
Awareness of employees and partners in respect of
their role in business continuity
The company can recover from a disruption in an
organized and planned manner
Element 8 of 16
Reputational Risk
Mitigation of reputational risk is conducted via a
business risk management framework
Effective customer feedback and complaints
management processes exist to improve the customer
experience
Proactive measures are in place for organizational
brand and image building and protection, external
communication to generate long-term benefits
Element 9 of 16
Culture
Established shared values and behaviours are seen
consistently across the entire organization
Leaders and employees share the commitment to trust
and openness, with empowerment at all levels
Proactive Initiatives are taken to enhance employee
engagement, loyalty and motivation
Element 10 of 16
Adaptive capacity
Robustness of processes and adequacy of resources
to respond effectively to internal/external change
drivers
An organizational culture that embraces change,
flexibility and agility
Ability to adapt to new ways of doing business though
innovation, learning and benchmarking
Element 11 of 16
Resource management
Tangible resources e.g. fixed assets, inventory,
production resources, and financial resources are
assessed for adequacy, efficiency and effectiveness
Intangible resources e.g. human skills, competencies,
and suitability for roles are assessed for adequacy,
efficiency and effectiveness
Processes, techniques and methods for allocating and
deploying resources are used to maximise
effectiveness and efficiency within the organization
Technologies are continuously reviewed and updated,
aligned with Industrial trends
Element 12 of 16
Horizon scanning
A structured approach to map market developments,
customer needs and expectations, technological and
regulatory changes
Stakeholder inputs are gathered to identify new risks
and opportunities
Element 13 of 16
Element 14 of 16
Element 15 of 16
Innovation
The business challenges the status quo by
encouraging innovation and ideas
A culture is promoted that places trust in the workforce
to innovate
Innovation is used to develop and harness competitive
advantage
Please rate your organization's approach to
the supply chain in terms of governance, security
and management.
Element 16 of 16
Supply chain
Supply chain is structured and managed to maximize
value to all chain partners
Quality of supply chain governance includes
understanding and guiding suppliers' behaviour
including fair working practices
Active supply chain security measures are in place that
include ability to track supply chain items
Suppliers and third parties provide supply chain
assurance through verification and quality control
systems
Financial management
Alignment
Leadership
Governance and Accountability
Vision and Purpose
Community Engagement
Business Continuity
Reputation
Culture
Adaptive Capacity
Resource Management
Horizon Scanning
Awareness and Training
Information and Knowledge Management
Innovation
Supply Chain
Operational performance
Special characters are not allowed
No of major disruptions
No of minor disruptions
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
2 3
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
h to horizon scanning in terms of systematic review to identify change, threats, risks and opportunities.
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Emerging
1 2 3
Employee Productivity
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Customer Complaints
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mature
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Very
important
4 5 6 7 8 9 10