JAMNIA COUNCIL

Tûn hma atangin Jamnia Council (AD 90—100?) hi

awm ngeia hriat a ni \hin a. Amaherawhchu, khawvél hi a
danglam tial tial a, ngaih dàn leh thil thlìr dàn a inthlák nasa
telh telh a. Sâpho zîngah English Bible lehlin pakhat Authorised
Version (AV/KJV) chauh sawi máwia lehlin \ha ber leh kim
ber ti tlat, a dang chu âr chuka tui lo khawpa sawi chhetu an
awm ang mai hian mi thiam zîngah pawh Jamnia Council kha
awm tak tak lo ti-a \an khawh tlat an awm ta hial a. An thu
ziahte chu Wikipedia-ahte pawh hmuh tùr a awm thliah thluah
tawh a; mi \henkhat tân rin mai harsa lo tak a ni ang.

Mi thiam zînga Jamnia Council a awm rin loh thu vawrh

hmasa deuh ber chu Heinrich Graetz (1871) a ni a; kum 1960
vêl a\ang khân Jamnia Council awm rin lohna hi a lian ta viau
a. Tûnlai mi thiam zîngah chuan Raymond E. Brown leh Jack
P. Lewis an tel. Raymond E. Brown chuan New Jerome Biblical
Commentary (1990)-ah Jamnia Council awm a rin loh thu a ti
lang a; Jack P. Lewis chuan Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992)-ah
a ti lang bawk. Tûnlai mi thiam \henkhat chuan Juda-te Bible
pawm fel hun kha Hasmonean lal lai, kum 140–40 BC kha
niin an ring. Anni hian an rin thu bák sawi theih an nei lo a;
Jamnia Coucil a awm lo tih finfiahna \ha táwk an nei bík lo.

Hasmonean hunah khân Juda-ten an Bible ‘Tanakh’

hi an la pawm fel chiah lo a ni ang. A chhante chu— (1)
Apocrypha zînga Siraka bu kha kum 180 BC vélah Hebrai
\awnga ziah a ni a; kum 132-ah BC-ah a ziaktu tupain Grik
\awngin a letling a. Thu hma hruaiah chuan Juda-te Tanakh
\hen hmasa pahnih hming chu chiang taka ziakin ‘Dàn (Tôra)
leh Zàwlneite (Nebi’îm)’ tih a ni a; \hen thumna erawh chuan
hming bík ‘Kethubîm’ tih hi a pu lo, ‘Kan pate lehkhabu dang’
tih a ni ringawt.

Juda-ten Tanakh chu hmun thumah an \hen a: (1) Tôra

(Dàn)—bu 5; Nebi’îm (Zàwlneite)—bu 8; Kethubîm
(Thuziakte)—11. A zavaiin bu 24 a ni; keinin bu 39-ah kan
chhiar a; anni’n lehkhabu \henkhat—1&2 Samuela, 1&2 Lalte,
1&2 Chronicles, Ezra-Nehemia, Zàwlnei tê 12-te hi bu khatah
an chhiar vek thung a. Dàn bû chu Mosia lehkhabu 5-te hi a
ni. Zàwlneite an tih erawh chu keini zàwlnei lehkhabu nèn a
thuhmun chiah lo. Josua, Rorêltute, Samuela, Lalte hi ‘zàwlnei
hmasa’ an ti a; Isaia, Jeremia, Ezekiela leh Zàwlnei tê 12-te hi
‘zàwlnei hnuhnung’ an ti. Héng bák chu ‘Thuziakte’ zíngah
an telh vek a; bu 11-ah an chhiar. Thuziakte zíngah Daniela bu
pawh a tel.

Isua dam lai khân Juda-te Tanakh hi hmun 3-ah \hen

fel chiah a la ni lo. Isua khân ‘Dàn leh Zàwlneite’ chu hming
hmerh fakin a sawi a; \hen \humna ‘Kethubîm’ (Thuziakte)
tih erawh chu a la hmang lo. Isuan ama chanchin sawi láwkna
lehkhabu a sawi khàn ‘Mosia Dànahte, Zàwlnei Lehkhabûahte,
Fakna Hla Bûahte’ tih a hmang a (Lk 24.44); khatih lai khân
‘Thuziakte’ khân hming pu fel tawh ni sela chuan ‘Thuziakte’
tih a hmang ngei ang. ‘Thuziakte’ kha an la pawm fel fak loh
avàngin hming bík a la nei hman lo a ni ang.

Juda mi thiamte zíngah pawh tûnlaia mi thiamte ang

bawkin ngaih dàn hrang a awm \hin. Chûng ngaih dàn hrang
chu chi hnih—pawm zau pâwl leh pawm zím pâwlah \hen theih
a ni. Pawm zauho chu Hillel-a pâwl an ni a; pawm zímho chu
Shammai-a pâwl an ni. Hillel-a (110 BC–AD 10) chu Hillel the
Elder an tih kha a ni a; Babulon-a piang, a pa lamah Benjamin
hnam, a nu lamah Davida thlah a ni. Amah ang bawka
hmingthang chu a tupa Gamaliela I, Paula zirtírtu kha a ni.

Shammai-a (50 BC—AD 30) chu Hillel-a aiin a

naupang a, a dam rei lo záwk bawk. Hillel-a aiin kum 60 vélin
piang tlai záwk mah se, kum 60 vél zet chu hun thuhmuna
lêng za an ni. Anni pahnih hi The Great Sanhedrin-ah pawh
an awm ho hman a, Hillel-a chu Sanhedrin President a nih
laiin Shammai-a chu member ah a lût ve hman. Kum AD 10-
a Hillel-a a thih khân Shammai-a chu Sanhedrin President ah
a \ang ta a; Shammai-a hunah chuan Hillel-a hun angin
Sanhedrin-ah Vice President pawh an awm ta lo; amah chu a
thû ta êm êm mai a ni.

Thil tam takah chuan Hillel-a pâwl ngaih dàn hi a zau

záwk a; amaherawhchu ngaih dàn hrang hlak vek erawh chu
an ni bík lo. An thil zirtír danglamna lian tak pakhat chu ‘nupui
mák’ chungchângah a ni. Shammai-a chuan thil tih sual lian
tak avàng chauh lo chuan nupui mák a thiang lo a tih laiin
Hillel-a ve thung chuan thil ho tê, chaw chhum kan vàng mai
pawhin nupui mák theih a ti ve thung (Babylonian Talmud,
Gittin 90a). A tlângpuiin Hillel-a pâwl hi an tam deuh záwk.

Jerusalem temple tih chhiat a nih hnû khân Juda mi

thiamte pawh an darh zo titih ta a. Khatih laia Juda rabbi
hmingthang tak pakhat chu Yohanan ben Zakkai a ni a; ani
chu mi thiam tak leh zirtírtu ropui tak a nih avàngin mi
chungchuang bíkte chauh hlawh \hin ‘Rabban’ hming an puttír
a ni. Rom sipaiin Jerusalem an hual lai khân mitthi anga
kuangah khungin an zawn chhuak a. Rom sipai hotu Vespasian-
a hnênah kalin ‘lal a la ni ang’ tih a hrilh a. Vespasian-a’n Yavne
(Jamnia) a tih chhiat loh phah a. Johanan ben Zakkai-a’n Yavne-
ah chuan zirna sikul a din ta a ni.
 Jamnia chu Kanaan thlang lam, Mediterranean Tuipui
kam, tûna Israel ram khawpui Tel Aviv chhim lama awm a ni
a. Yavne-a Yohanan ben Zakkai-a zirna in din chu a \hang lian
zêl a, The Great Sanhedrin hmunpui a lo ni ta hial a. Hosea
6.6-a, “Inthâwina ni loin khawngaihna ka duh záwk” tih kha
\an chhanin Sanhedrin member-te chu inthâwina aiin
\awng\aina ngai pawimawh záwk tùrin a hrilh a; hei hi
Jerusalem temple chhiat hnûa ran thisena inthâwi tih bànna
tak tak chu a ni.

Yohanan ben Zakkai-a dam lai, kum AD 90 vêlah khân

Jamnia Council chu neih niin an sawi a. Council tih avànga
Nicea Council-te anga inkhâwmpui lian tak ni tùra ngaih kher
tùr a ni lo; Nicea Council (AD 325)-ah pawh khân mi 318
chauh an tel a nih kha. Jamnia chu Juda sakhaw thil zirna
hmun pawimawh a ni a; The Great Sanhedrin \hut hmun a ni
bawk a. Sanhedrin member 70 zîngah chuan Hillel-a zirtírna
pawm leh Shammai-a zirtírna pawm an awm ve ve a; khatih
lai tak phei kha chuan Hillel-a zirtírna pawm an tam zâwk ang.
Kan sawi tawh angin Thuthlung Thar hunah khán Juda-te
Bible ‘Tanakh’ chu bi thliah fel fak a la ni lo.

Thuthlung Thar hunah khân Juda-te zíngah Grik

\awnga lehkhabu ziah, a ziaktuten mahni hming hmang ngam
loa mi hming \ha leh kal hmasate hminga ziah a tam êm êm a;
chûng chu Apocrypha leh Pseudepigrapha lehkhabute hi an
ni. An lehkhabute chu miin an pawm theih nân Thuthlung
Hluia mi ropuite hmingin an ziak ber.

Juda-ten Tanakh-a pawm tùr chuan tehna eng eng

emaw an nei ngei ang; an tehnate erawh chu hriat theih vek a
ni tawh lo. An tehna pawimawh tak chu lehkhabute chu
Hebrai \awnga ziah, Hebrai \awng ngei (copy) hmuh tùr la
awm a ni. Siraka kha lehkhabu \ha tak mai a ni a; a tìrah chuan
Hebrai \awnga ziah a ni. Kan sawi tawh angin kum 132 BC-ah
a ziaktu tupain Grik \awngin a letling a. Kum AD 90 vêlah
chuan Siraka bû kha Hebrai \awng (copy) hmuh tùr a awm
tawh lo, Grik \awnga lehlin chauh kha a awm tawh a; chuvàng
chuan lehkhabu \ha tak a ni nachungin Juda-ten Tanakh-a
telh tùrin an pawm thei ta lo a ni.

Jamnia Council-ah khân eng ang takin nge thil an

ngaihtuah tih erawh chu sawi chian fak theih a ni lo a; Mishnah
leh Talmud lamah chiang taka sawi a ni lo. Lehkhabu \henkhat
Estheri leh Hlate Hla hi chu Tanakh-a telh tùr nge telh loh tùr
tihah ngaih dàn lian tak pahnih a awm. Estheri leh Hlate Hla
hi Tanakh lehkhabu zînga ‘Pathian’ lan lohna ve ve a ni. Kum
A D 90 vêlah chuan Estheri bûin a sawi Purim kût hi Juda-te
hlimna kût, an ngaih hlut êm êm a ni tawh a. Purim kût lo
chhuah dàn ziahna a nih avàngin Jamnia Council-ah chuan
Tanakh-a telh tùrin Estheri chu an pawm ta a ni ang.

Hlate Hla hi nula leh tlangvâl inlèmna hla mai a ang

hle. Jamnia Council-ah pawh khân Shammai-a pâwl chuan
Tanakh-a telh an duh vak lo. Khatih lai khân Hillel-a pâwlah
chuan Rabbi Akiva (AD 50–135) a awm a; ani chu mi thiam
tak mai a ni a. Juda-te sakhaw dàn leh hrai lama mi thiam a nih
mai bákah thu sawi a thiam a, a âw lah chu a ring hle bawk a,
‘khawpui ri ang mai’ an ti hial \hin. Rabbi Akiva chu kum AD
135-a Juda-te helnaah khân tih hlum a ni.

Rabbi Akiva chuan Solomona Hla chu ‘Hla zawng

zawnga chungnung ber a ni a; Pathian leh a mi Juda-te inkâra
hmangaihna thu puan chhuahna hla a ni,” a ti a; chu chuan
Jamnia Council-a telte chu a hmin ta a, Tanakh-ah an telh
phah ta niin an sawi. ‘Hlate Hla’ tih \awngkam tak pawh hi
Rabbi Akiva \awngkam, Hebrai \awnga ‘Shir hasShirim’ tih
a\anga lo kal a ni nghe nghe.

Hlate Hla chungchângah hian Mizo zíngah pawh ngaih

dàn a inchen lo hle. Kum 1959-a Mizo Bible bu kim a lo chhuah
khân Kohhran Upa \henkhat chuan Hlate Hla hi an han chhiar
a, an duh lo khawp a, “Hetiangte chu Bible-a telh tlák a ni hlei
nêm!” tiin sakawr bakchehin an hlep thla hlawk nghe nghe
niin an sawi.

Thil awm miah lo chu sawi ngawt thu a awm lo. Jamnia
Council pawh hi tûnlaia inkhâwmpui lian tak ang tihna a ni
chuang lo a. Jamnia chu Juda-te mi thiamte fuan khâwmna
Sanhedrin Lian (The Great Sanhedrin) hmunpui a nih avàngin
chuta mi thiamte chuan kum AD 90 vêlah khân Juda-te Bible
‘Tanakh’-a tel tùr hi an lo ti felah ngai ila, kan ti sual lo ang. A
hun thûah kum AD 90 chiah tihna a ni lo; AD 90 a\anga AD
100 vêl kha a ni ang. Hemi hnûah pawh hian Juda mi thiamte
zîngah Tanakh-a tel, lehkhabu \henkhat chu pawm harsa ti
táwk an awm reng. Kristian zíngah Martin Luther-a pawh khân
Estheri leh Jakoba lehkhathawn hi chu pawm tlákah a ruat
vak lo. ‘Mipui an thuhmun fo thei lo’ tih hi a dik hle!
(Revd CH|—18.1.2020)