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Refrigerant Compressors - Part I: Basics of Compression Process
Refrigerant Compressors - Part I: Basics of Compression Process
Sameer Khandekar
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~samkhan
Refrigerant
Compressors – Part I
Sameer Khandekar
1 Introduction
Basics of compression process
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in the evaporator
Compression process
◉ During compression of vapor,
work is done on it
◉ Its enthalpy increases and so
does its pressure
◉ Inlet to the compressor should
be in vapor state
◉ Ideal compression (isentropic)
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2 Types of Compressors
What? Why? Where?
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Classification of compressors
◉ Positive displacement
○ Positive displacement compressors have chambers which decrease in
volume during compression.
Classification of compressors
◉ Open types have a separate housing for the compressor and the
motor.
◉ If not operated frequently, the system can leak its operating gases.
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Classification of compressors
○ These compressors are leak-free and can sit for long periods unused,
but cannot be maintained or repaired.
gasketed/bolted covers.
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Types of comprssors
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Reciprocating/Piston Compressors
Reciprocating Compressor
◉ Suction and discharge valves
◉ Valve position is controlled by the pressure difference across it
◉ Can be open, semi-hermetic or fully hermetic
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Rotary Compressors
◉ Uses circular motion for compression
(two rotating elements)
◉ Rotating blade (vane) type
○ Refrigerant is trapped by rotating vanes
○ Refrigerant compresses as volume decreases
◉ Stationary blade (vane) type
○ Equipped with only one blade or vane
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Rotary compressors
Rotary compressors
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slide valve
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Screw compressors
◉ They can produce high pressure for a small
quantity of gas and consume less power
than reciprocating compressors.
◉ They have low to medium initial and
maintenance costs and few moving parts.
◉ However, they have difficulty in dirty
environments, high rotational speeds, and
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Centrifugal Compressors
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Compressor Specifications
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Compressor Features
◉ RAC compressors incorporate a number of special features:
○ Low noise - compressor operation generates less noise for applications where a
quiet environment is desired.
○ Light weight - compressor is compactly built or constructed with low-density
materials for cooling systems which require low weight components.
○ Variable speed - compressor has speed adjustment for running at various
operating flow rates and conditions.
○ Thermal shut off - compressor features controls which turn the compressor off at
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high temperatures to prevent it from overheating. They also can provide restart
once the compressor has cooled down below a certain temperature.
○ Sealing - describes how the compressor and motor drive are situated in relation
to the gas or vapor being compressed.
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Thanks!
Any questions ?
You can write to me at:
◉ samkhan@iitk.ac.in
Sameer Khandekar
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