INDIAN HISTORY & CULTURE

 Jyotirlings in India : There are 12 jyotirlings in India

1.  Somnath – Saurashtra, Gujarat

2. Mallikarjuna – Srisailam , Andhra Pradesh

3. Mahakaleshwar – Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh

4. Omkareshwar – Khandwa , Madhya Pradesh

5. Kedarnath –Rudraprayag , Uttarakhand

6. Bhimashankar –Pune , Maharashtra

7. Vishveshwar/Kashi Vishwanath –Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

8. Triambakeshwar –Nashik, Maharashtra

9. Vaidyanath –Parli, Maharashtra & Deoghar and Santa Praganas region Jharkhand

10. Nageshwar – Dwarka , Gujarat

11. Rameshwaram - Tamil Nadu

12. Ghrishneshwar - Ellora abad , Maharashtra

 BUDDHIST PILGRIMAGE IN INDIA :

1. Mahaodhi temple – Bodh gaya , Bihar

2. Mahaviharas (great vihar ‘vihar means Buddhist monastries’) – Nalanda,

Odantpura , Vikramshila

3. Sripur- Chattisgarh

4. Lalitgiri ,Udaygiri and ratnagiri (these three are known as diamond triangle) -
Orissa

5. Sarnath – Varansi , UP
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6. Kushinagr ( Famous for Mahaparinirvana (death) of Lord Buddha)- UP

7. Piparhwa : UP Nepal border

8. Sanchi Stupa (Built by mauryan emperor ashoka) – Madhya Pradesh

9. Bharhut – Madhya Pradesh

10. Bhaja & Karla Caves – Lonavla ,PUNE

11. Ajanta , Ellora , Pittalkhora caves – Aurangabad , Maharashtra

12. Kanheri Caves – Mumbai

13. Pandavleni – Nahsik

14. Ghum monastery – Darjeeling , West Bengal

15. Rumtek , Pemayntgse & Enchay monasteries – Sikkim

16. Alchi , Spituk , Shey monasteries – Laddak

17. Dhankar , Nako , Kyee , Tabo monasteries- Himachal Pradesh

18. Tawang Monastery( is the largest monastery in India and second largest in the
world after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet.) & Bombdila monastery- Arunachal
Pradesh

19. Rock cut elephant – Dhauli , Orissa

20. Namdroling moanesrte , bylakuppe – Karnataka

 Parsi & Sun temples:

Parsi :

1. Atash Behrams (Fire temple) in India

2. Iranshah Atash behram = Udvada , Gujrat

3. Desai Atash behram = Navsarai , Gujrat

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4. Dadiseth ,wadia,banaji & anjuman atash behram = Mumbai

5. Modi & Wakil atash behmra = Soorat ,Gujrat

Sun temples :

1. Modhera Sun temple = Gujrat (built in 11th century)

2. Konark Sun temple = Orissa ( Made by king Narsingha Deva , shape of rath with
mandapa) This temple was called the "Black Pagoda" in European sailor accounts as early
as 1676 because its great tower appeared black. [6][8] Similarly, the Jagannath Temple in Puri
was called the "White Pagoda

3. BrahManya Dev Temple = Unnao , MP

4. Suryanaar kovil temple = Tamil Nadu

5. Suryanarayana Swami temple = Arsavali , Andhra Pradesh made by kalinga king in

7th century

6. Dakshinaarka temple = Gaya , Bihar built by king pratapruda of Warangal in 13th

century

7. Navalakha temple = Ghumli , Gujrat made in 11th century , built in solanki and
maru-gurjara style.

8. Surya Pahar temple = Goalpara , Assam

9. Martand Sun temple =Kashmir

 Important sites of Harappa civilization

1. Harappa :
 INDIAN HISTORY & CULTURE

 In Pakistan on ravi river

 Male torso in red sand stone

 Sculpture of dog,deer in bronze metal

 Copper scale and mirror

 Mother goddess figure

 Stone symbol on lingam and yoni

 Wheat and barley

2.Mohenjo Daro :

 In Pakistan on Indus river

 Great bath

 Great granary

 Post cremation burial

 Bearded priest sculpture

 Statue of dancing girl

 Pashupati seal

3.Dholivara :

 In gujrat

 Giant water reservoir

 Unique water harvesting system

 Stadium

 Dam and embankments

 Large inscriptions

4.Lothal :
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 On Indus on gujrat

 For navel trade

 Dockyard

 Practice of burial cremated

 Rice husk

 Fire attars

 Moder day chess

 Horse and ship figure

 Instruments for measuring 45,90,180 degree angles

5.Rakhigiri :

 In Haryana

 Largest city of Indus

 Granary

 Cemetery

 Drains

 Terracotta bricks

6.Sukortada :

 In gujrat

 First horse bones

7.Kalibangan :

 In rajasthan

 Bangle factory
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 For carts

 Bones of camel

 Decorated bricks

 Citadel and lower town

8.Ropar :

 Bank of sutlaj in Punjab

 Dog with human oal pif burials

 Copper axe

9.Alamgirpur :

 IN meerut up on bank of Yamuna

 Major broken blade made of copper

 Ceramic items & impressive cloths

10.Mehrgarh :

 In pakistan

 Procure first on Indus

 Pottery

 Copper tools

10.Banawali :

 In Haryana on saraswati river

 Toy plough

 Barley grains

 Lapis lazuli

 Fire alters oval shaped settlement

 Only city with radial streets

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