International Journal of Research in Alternative Medicines

ISSN: 2349-9834
www.ijram.org

Research Article

AN AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE OF BHALLATAKA (Semecarpus

anacardium Linn.)

1* 2 3
Ilanchezhian R , Roshy Joseph C , Rabinarayan Acharya

1. Associate Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna, PNNM Ayurvedic Medical College, Cheruthurthy, Kerela, India.
2. Lecturer, Dept. of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Govt. Ayurveda Medical College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu,
India.
3. Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

Abstract

Bhallataka is identified botanically as Semecarpus anacardium Linn., comes under the family Anacardiaceae. It is
commonly known as Indian marking nut and used extensively in the system of Ayurveda to cure many diseases like
Arshas (piles), Arbuda (cancer) etc. Bhallataka should be used after proper shodhana (purification/processing). Different
shodhana methods are mentioned in the Ayurvedic literatures. Here an attempt has been made to compile the detail
information of the drug Bhallataka including its paryaya (synonyms), guna (property), karma (actions), different shodhana
methods, indications etc.

Key words: Bhallataka; Ayurveda; Semecarpus anacardium.

*Address for correspondence:

Dr.R.Ilanchezhian, MD, Ph.D (Ayu)
Associate Professor,
PNNM Ayurvedic Medical College,
Cheruthurthy, Kerela, India – 679 531
E-mail: ayurilan@yahoo.com

Article Received: 03-07-2014; Revised: 05-08-2014; Accepted: 10-08-2014

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 International Journal of Research in Alternative Medicines
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INTRODUCTION
The latin name of the Bhallataka is
Semecarpus anacardium Linn., is derived
from the Greek. Semecarpus is derived
from Simeion means marking/tracing and
carpus means nut; In the word
Anacardium, ana means ‘like’ and
cardium means heart shaped. That
means, the heart shaped fruit which is
used for marking the cloth.[1] Bhallataka is
a potent drug having high priority in the
management of many ailments. In
alternative medicines like Ayurveda,
bhallataka products are used widely and
particularly in the cases of diseases not
amenable to treatment by modern
medicines.[2]
It is administered internally in the cases of
nadi dourbalya (nervous debility),
amavata (rheumatism), apasmara
(epilepsy), gridhrasi (sciatica), shwasa
(asthma) etc.[3] Many compound
formulations like Brhatbhallataka avaleha,
Bhallatakadi choorna, Bhallataka
kshara,[4] Bhallatakadi kwatha, Bhallataka
ghrita[5] etc contains Bhallataka as an
ingredient.
The research works on Semecarpus
anacardium started in early 19th century.[6]
The various pharmacological activities of
Bhallataka like anti-inflammatory,[7]
anthelmentic activity[8] as well as anti-
cancerous activity[9] especially in breast
cancer cells[10] are proved scientifically.
Bhallataka should be used only after
proper shodhana (purification). If it is used
without proper shodhana or improper
contact it may cause contact dermatitis
due to the presence of the chemical
Urushiol.[11] There are various methods
used for the purification of bhallataka
fruits.[12] Apart from the classical methods
there are different methods followed by
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traditional and folk practitioners.[13] Recent
researchers found that there is a chemical
changes during the shodhana
procedures.[14][15]
Selection of the bhallataka fruits is also
having prime importance for its quality. It
is reported that Bhallataka (Semecarpus
anacardium Linn.) fruits which sink in
water, should be selected and used for
the therapeutic purposes. The reason
behind this logic is explored
scientifically.[16]
Here an attempt has been made to
compile the detail information of the drug
Bhallataka including its paryaya
(synonyms), guna (property), karma
(actions), therapeutic indications etc.
References from Samhitas
While screening the brihatrayees and
laghutrayees, it is observed that
Bhallataka is mentioned in most of the
samhitas.
Charaka Samhita
Screening the literature, it was observed
that the concept of Shodhana is
mentioned for the first time in Charaka
Samhita.[17] In sutra sthana, it is
mentioned in aragvadhiya adhyaya,[18]
One of the component of mootra
sangrahaneeya dasemani[19] and the other
classical categorization were mentioned in
Table 1. It is indicated for sotha
(inflammation with swelling).[20] In
chikitsasthana, ten different dosage forms
of Bhallataka for rasayana (rejuvination)
were elaborated.[21] Taila (oil), ghrita
(ghee) and mishraka (both oil and ghee)
prepared with the combination of drugs
including Bhallataka is indicated for
vatakaphaja prameha (diabetic mellitus)
and tridoshaja prameha respectively.[22]
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Bhallatakadya ghritam is indicated for the
disease kaphaja gulma, pleeha (spleen
disorders), pandu (anaemia), swasa
(wheezing), grahani (Irritable Bowel
Syndrome), kasa (cough).[23] Asava
prepared with Bhallataka and other drugs
is indicated for prameha.[24] Lepa
(ointment) yoga prepared with Bhallataka
and other drugs indicated for arshas
(piles) as external application.[25] Internal
purpose administered along with
[26]
buttermilk for arshas. Bhallataka is an
ingredient of Madhukasava indicated for
grahani, sotha, kushta (skin diseases) and
prameha.[27] Sakthu prepared with the
combination of Bhallataka, mustha
(Cyperus rotundus) etc. is mentioned for
visarpa chikitsa (skin disease).[28]
In Vimanastana, Bhallataka taila
extraction method has been mentioned.[29]
In kalpasthana, it is mentioned that Leha
prepared with swarasa (juice) of
Bhallataka or srita (decoction) of
Bhallataka is a good vamana kalpa
(emetic).[30]
Sushruta Samhita
Bhallataka is mentioned under,
sutrasthana, chikitsasthana, kalpasthana,
shareera sthana and uttrasthana.
In sutrasthana, Bhallataka is mentioned in
nyagrodhadi gana[31] and mustadi gana.[32]
In vamanadravya vikalpa vijnaniya
Bhallataka sneha is mentioned to be used
as avaleha dosage form.[33] Rasadi gunas
such as madhura (sweet), kashaya
(astringent), tikta anurasa (bitter
secondary taste), ushna virya (hot
potency), kapha vata shamana (pacifies
kapha and vata) and indications such as
kushta, meda (obesity), meha (diabetes),
krimi (worms) and ubhayabagadosahara
(emetic and purgative) of Bhallataka taila
are mentioned.[34] It is mentioned under
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shaka varga.[35] In dravadravya vidhi
adhyaya, it is mentioned that sheeta jala
(cold water) should be taken as anupana
(adjuvant) for Bhallataka taila.[36] In
chikitsasthana, Nyagrodhadi gana is
indicated for vrana (wounds)[37] and maha
kushta (skin diseases), bhallataka is one
of the ingredients of this formulation.[38] It
is an ingredient in Kalyanaka lavana
which is indicated in vataroga (vata
diseases), gulma, pleeha etc.[39] Different
formulations of Bhallataka are mentioned
for arshas.[40] Bhallataka fruits and its taila
are used for the management of
kushta.[41] Bhallataka is one of the
ingredients in a lepa for shwitra
(leucoderma).[42] Indicated for prameha[43]
and it is one of the ingredient in a
formulation for prameha pitaka (diabetic
ulcers)[44] and indicated for the
[45]
management of madhumeha. It is
indicated for one of the kshudra roga
valmika (a type of skin disease).[46] Madhu
(honey) mixed with Bhallataka kwatha
(decoction) is mentioned in sarvopakadha
samaneeyam rasayana chapter.[47]
Indicated in mahavyadhi.[48] In
kalpasthana, Bhallataka along with other
drugs is used as anjana (collyrium) for eye
diseases.[49] In uttaratantra, for
sheetaputana parisheka with Bhallataka,
kapitha (Feronia elephantum) etc are
mentioned.[50] Bhallataka is one of
ingredient in the ghrita (ghee) formulation
indicated for shosham (malnourishment),
prameha etc.[51] In sharirasthana,
Bhallataka is used in the constructing of
suthikagara (labour ward).[52]
Astanga sangraha
Mentioned about Bhallataka in
sutrasthana, chikitsa sthana, uttrasthana
and kalpasthana[53] In the context of
Bhallataka Rasayana and Amrita
Bhallataka, Vagbhata has mentioned the
Shodhana (purificatory procedures) of
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Bhallataka. The fruits of Bhallataka are cut Bhallataka, vacha (Acorus calamus) etc
into pieces and are kept in brick powder drugs is best for sarva graha baadha (all
until the oil part is removed.[54] the evil spirits).[67] There is no obstruction
which Bhallataka does not cure. Bestows
Astanga Hrudaya strength to the digestive fire.[68] Extraction
methods of taila from Bhallataka were
In Sutrasthana, Properties of false fruit of mentioned. Specific pharmaceutical
Bhallataka are bhrimhana (nourishment), procedure for processing Bhallataka to
madhura (sweet), sheeta (cold) and fruit is prepare a ghrita formulation is
[69]
equal to agni (fire) and possess medhya mentioned. Bhallataka is very teekshna
(memory booster), kaphavatagna (strong) just like fire but when processed
[55]
property. Bhallataka is indicated for by following certain pharmaceutical
yoni (vaginal disorders), sthanya rogas procedures the drug acts like amritha
(breast milk disorders).[56] In (nector). Thus showing the
chikitsasthana, Avaleha prepared with pharmacodynamics of the drug.[70]
Bhallataka and other drugs is indicated for Rasayana yoga prepared with vidanga,
kasa (cough).[57] Ghrita prepared with Bhallataka and nagara (Zingiber officinale)
Bhallataka and other drugs is indicated for along with madhu and sarpi (ghee) is
rajayakshma (tuberculosis).[58] Bhallataka highlighted.[71] Bhallataka is considered as
is the agroushadha (drug of choice) for agroushada (drug of choice) for arshas
sushka arshas (piles).[59] Asava prepared (piles).[72]
with Bhallataka and other drugs is
indicated for grahani dosha.[60] Taila, References from Nighantus
ghrita and mishraka (both) prepared with
trikantaka (Tribulus terrestris), nisha Dhanvantari nighantu
(Curcuma longa), Bhallataka etc. is
indicated for vatakaphaja prameha, pittaja Bhallataka is kept under chandanadi
prameha and tridoshaja prameha varga and its synonyms and properties
respectively.[61] Bhallataka is indicated for were mentioned.[73]
all types of kushta (skin diseases) and
ghrita prepared with pathya (Terminalia Shodala nighantu
chebula) and Bhallataka is indicated for
krimi (worms).[62] Guda (jaggery) Properties, synonyms, indications and
preparation with vidanga (Embelia ribes), purification method of the drug are
Bhallataka etc. drugs is indicated for mentioned.[74]
kushta.[63] Bhallataka is used as a
rasayana prayoga (rejuvinator) in the Sidhamantra
management of kushta.[64] Lepa
(ointment) prepared with Bhallatakadi The Bhallataka asthi (seed) is considered
drugs is indicated for kushta, under kapha-vatagna varga.[75]
charmakeela, tilakalaka (type of skin
diseases) etc.[65] In kalpasthana, Leha Madanapala nighantu
prepared with swarasa (juice) of
Bhallataka or sruta (decoction) of Synonyms and properties are
Bhallataka is a good vamana kalpa mentioned.[76]
(purgation).[66] In uttaratantra, Dhoopana
yoga (fumigation) prepared with

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 International Journal of Research in Alternative Medicines
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Raja nighantu
The synonyms, properties of phala (fruits),
majja (false fruit) are mentioned under
prabhadradi varga.[77]
Kaiyadeva nighantu
Synonyms of Nadi Bhallataka and its
properties are mentioned. [78]
Bhavaprakasha nighantu
Synonyms, properties, purification method
of the drug are mentioned and it is kept
under haritakyadi varga.[79]
Shaligrama nighantu
Synonyms, properties and purification
method of the drug are mentioned and
also about the Nadi Bhallataka.[80]
Priya nighantu
The drug is mentioned under haritakyadi
varga.[81]
Vanoushadhi nidarshika
Different names, family, usable part, dose,
chemistry, shelf life, properties,
purification method and effects by the
usage of unpurified seed of the
Bhallataka.[82]
Refrernces from Rasa granthas
Rasa Tarangini
Bhallataka synonyms, grahya bhallata
kasya swarupa (selection methods of the
fruits) that which sinks in water were the
main criteria for the selection of
Bhallataka fruits. Need for Bhallataka
shodhana, different shodhana methods,
dose, amayika prayoga (therapeutic
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indications), and formulations were dealt
in detail.[83]
Rasamritam
Bhallataka shodhana is mentioned.[84]
Ayurvediya Rasa Sastra by CB Jha
Bhallataka is mentioned in upavisha varga
(one of the semi-poisonous drugs),
synonyms, grahya lakshana (selection
methods), need of shodhana, shodhana
methods, Bhallataka guna karma
(properties and actions), matra (dose),
contraindicated in pitta prakriti and
treatment for its toxic nature and important
formulations.[85]
Rasa Sastra by Damodar Joshi
Synonyms, necessity for shodhana,
selection of Bhallataka fruits, shodhana
methods, rasadi gunas, karma, vyadhi
prabhava (specific actions), dose and
treatment for the toxic manifestation are
mentioned.[86]
References from Modern period
Wealth of India
Morphology, habitat, therapeutic uses and
chemistry of different parts of drug are
noted.[87]
Indian materia medica
Different names, morphology, useful part,
actions, uses and contraindications are
mentioned.[88]
Dravya guna vijnana by PV Sharma
Different names, morphology, distribution,
chemistry, pharmacodynamics, actions,
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properties and therapeutic uses are
mentioned. [89]
Dravya guna vijnana by Gyanendra
pandey
Different names, morphology, distribution,
chemistry, pharmacodynamics, actions,
properties and therapeutic uses are
mentioned.[90]
Dravya guna vijnana by JLN Sastry
Different names, morphology, distribution,
chemistry, pharmacodynamics, actions,
properties and therapeutic uses are
mentioned.[91]
Indian medicinal plants by Kirthikar,
Basu
Different names, morphology and
therapeutic uses are mentioned.[92]
Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India
Macroscopic and microscopic structures
of the drug noted, along with identity of
purity strength, constituents, properties
and therapeutic uses are mentioned.[93]
Synonyms
Bhallataka is having many paryaya
(synonyms). Most of the synonyms are
based on the irritating nature of the
fruits.[94] The synonyms quoted in various
lexicons and classics were mentioned in
Table 2.
 Bhallataka - Its touch may
produce pricking pain or it
scrapes away vitiated kapha like a
lancet.
 Agnika - Its corrosiveness is
compared to fire.
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 Agnimuki - It will cause burning
and ulceration on the skin.
 Arushkara - It produces rashes all
over the body.
 Vatari - It acts as vatahara.
 Sphotabeejaka - Its fruits will
produce rashes on the skin.
 Veeraviruksha - Its touch is
intolerable which is similar to the
same way a highly courageous
worrier who cannot be touched by
any ordinary person.
 Sophahetu - It produces edema
and rashes on the body.
Vernacular names and the natural order
were mentioned in Table 3 and Table 4
respectively.
Rasadi gunas (Properties and actions)
The properties of the drug as per API,
Rasa : Madhura, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya
Guna : Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshna
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka : Madhura
Doshagna Karma : Vata Kaphagna
Karma : Deepana, Pachana, Vatahara,
Medhya
The properties of the different parts of the
plant were tabulated in Table 5. There are
some different of opinions regarding the
rasapanchaka by acharyas. (Table 6) The
karma (actions) and prayoga (therapeutic
indications) by different texts were
compiled and tabulated in Table 7 and
Table 8 respectively.
Though the main useful part are fruits, the
other parts also used for the treatments.
The dosage forms by different acharyas
were mentioned in Table 9.
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Amayika Prayoga (Important
therapeutic indications)
The important therapeutic indications
were summarized here,
 Bhallataka is given along with guda
(jaggery) for satata vishama jwara
(viral fevers).[95]
 Taila, ghrita and mishraka prepared
with trikantaka, nisha, Bhallataka
etc. is indicated for vatakaphaja
prameha, pittaja prameha and
tridoshaja prameha respectively.[96]
 Asava prepared with Bhallataka
and other drugs is indicated for
prameha.[97]
 Lepa prepared with Bhallataka and
other drugs for arshas.[98]
 Kshara prepared by anthardhooma
vidhi with Bhallataka, trikatu,
triphala and lavanatrayam is
indicated for grahani, pandu,
gulma, udavartha, shoola.[99]
 Lepa prepared with bhallatalka
asthi, kaseesa (Ferrous Sulphate),
danti (Baliospermum montanum)
etc. drugs is mentioned for the
management of the granthi
[100]
(tumor).
 Kwatha (decoction) prepared with
vyosha (trikatu), Bhallataka, vacha
(Acorus calamus) cures thrisna
(thirst).[101]
 For Krishna karma (colouring),
gomutra bhavita (mixed with cow’s
urine) Bhallataka stored in loha
patra (iron vessel) mixed with
gokshira (cow’s milk) and applied
externally to impart normal colour
of skin in vrna chikitsa
[102]
(wounds).
 Bhallataka taila is indicated as a
best drug for romasathana (hair
remover)[103] and indicated for
maha kushta (skin diseases).[104]
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 In nadivrana (wounds), Bhallataka
along with other ingredients like
arka (Calotropis gigantea), maricha
(Piper nigrum), lavana (salt) etc are
mentioned.[105]
 In the treatment of naikamesha,
dhoopana (fumigation) for child
with sidharthaka (Brassica
compestris), vacha, Bhallataka etc
are mentioned.[106]
 For deepana kwatha (appetiser)
prepared with Bhallataka, bala
(Sida cordifolia), amra (Mangifera
indica) etc is indicated.[107]
 Taila prepared with Bhallataka,
manashila (Realgar) etc. is
mentioned for the management of
vidradhi (Abscess) and vridhi.[108]
 Ghrita formulation with Bhallataka
and other drugs is indicated for the
management of gulma.[109]
 Lepa prepared with bhallatalka
asthi, kaseesa, danti etc drugs is
mentioned for the management of
the granthi.[110]
 Kshara prepared by anthardhooma
vidhi with Bhallataka, shigru phala
(Fruits of Moringa oleifera) ete.
drugs are indicated for the udara
(ascites), gulma (abdominal
tumour), sopha (swelling), pleeha
roga (spleen disorder), hridroga
(heart diseases), udavarta (reverse
movement of Vata Dosha) etc.[111]
 Sakthu prepared with Bhallataka,
mustha (Cyperus rotundus) etc. is
mentioned for visarpa chikitsa.[112]
 Narikela asthi (coconut), Bhallataka
etc. should be converted into
bhasma and prepared as anjana
cures eye diseases.[113]
 Dattura patra (leaves of Datura
metel) mixed with Bhallataka
swarasa is indicated for indraluptha
(alopecia).[114]
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Table 1: Classical categorization

No. Samhita / Nighantu Gana / Varga

1. Caraka Samhita Dipaniya, Bhedaniya, Mutra sangrahaniya, Kusthaghna
2. Susruta Samhita Nyagrodhadi, Mustadi, Stanyasodhana
3. Ashtanga hrudaya Nyagrodhadi, Mustadigana
4. Dhanvantari nighantu Chandanadi varga
5. Sidhamantra prakasha Kaphavatagna varga
6. Raja nighantu Prabhadradi varga
7. Bhavaprakasha nighantu Haritakyadi varga
8. Kaiyadeva nighantu Oushidika varga
9. Priya nighantu Haritakyadi varga
10. Gunaratnamala Haritakyadi varga

Table 2: Synonyms mentioned in various nighantus and classics

[120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128]
Synonyms D.N So.N M.N R.N K.N B.N Sha.N A.K R.T
Agnika + - - + - + + - -
Agnimukhi + - + - + + + + -
Agnivakrakah - - + - - - - - -
Ahavala - - - - - - + - -
Anala - - - - + - + - -
Antasatva - - - - - - + - -
Arushkara + + + + + + + + +
Arushko + - - - - - - - -
Ashowhita - - - - - - + - -
Bhallataka + - + + + - + - +
Bhallata + - - + - - + - +
Bhallataki - - - - - - + + -
Bhalli - - - - + + + - -
Bhedana - - - - - - - - -
Bhootanashona - - - - - - + - -
Chikarvara - - - - - - - - -
Dahana + - - + - - - - +
Dhanurvruksha - - - - - - + - -
Krimighna - - - + - - + - +
Mahatikshna - - - - - - + - -
Nabhovalli - - + - - - - - -
Nardhahana - - - - - - + - -
Preethabeeja - - - - - - + - -
Ruksha - - + - - - - - -
Shophahrut - - - - - + - - -
Shothahrutha - - - - - - + - -
Shpotanuth - - - - - - + - -
Snehabeeja - - - - - - + - -
Spotohetu - - - - + - + - -
Tailabeeja - - - + - - - - -
Tapana + - + + - - + - +
Vahni - - - - - - + - +
Vahninama - - - - - - + - -
Vatari - - - + - - - - +
Vayusakha - - - - - - - - +
Veerataru - - - - + - + - -
Veeraviruksha - - + - - + + + -
Vranakruth - - - - + - + - +

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Table 3: Vernacular names[129]

Language Vernacular names

English name Marking nut, Oriental cashew nut
Hindi Bhallataka, Bhela, Bheyal, Bhilava
Kannada Hgnimmkhi, Bhallataka, Gaer, Gaerhannu
Konkani Bibhayi
Malayalam Chera, Cherkkerru, cerkkotta,
Marathi Bibha, Bibu, Bibwa.
Sanskrit Agnika, Agnimukhi, Anala, Antasathva
Tamil Cheran kottai, Erimugi, Kaalagum Kaavagaa
Telugu Ballatakai, Bhallanamu, Gudavajeedi
Tulu Gerkaayi, Chemimara, Chere.

Table 4: Natural order[130]

Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Tracheobionta
Super division Spermatophyta
Division Magnoliophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Subclass Rosidae
Order Sapindales
Family Anacardiaceae
Genus Semecarpus
Species Anacardium
Botanical Name Semecarpus anacardium Linn.

Table 5: Properties

B.P.N
Properties
Bhallataka pakwa phala Bhallataka asthi Bhallataka majja
Rasa Madhura Madhura, Tikta, Kashaya Madhura
Guna Guru, Ruksha Laghu, Snigdha, Teekshana
Virya Shita Ushna
Vipaka Madhura Katu
Pachana, Chedana, Mala bhedan, Dhatuvardaka,
Vistambakaraka, Dhatuvarda
Karma Medhya, Sukrajanana,Vata
ka, Vatakapha vardaka,
Agnivardaka, Kaphavatagna, pithashamaka,
Shukrajana, Balakaraka
Krimighana, Deepana. Rasayana.

Table 6: The different opinion regarding the rasapanchaka in various classics

Properties Ni. A. B.P.N G.R. D.N. R.N. K.N.

Kashaya, Kashaya,
Kashaya, Kashaya, Kashaya, Kashaya,
Rasa Tikta, Tikta,
Madhura Madhura Madhura Tikta
Madhura Madhura
Laghu, Laghu, Laghu, Laghu, Laghu, Laghu,
Guna
Snigdha Snigdha Snigdha Snigdha Snigdha Snigdha
Virya Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna Ushna
Vipaka Madhura Madhura Madhura Madhura Madhura Madhura

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Table 7: Karma (actions) mentioned in different Nighantus

Actions B.P.N. R.N. D.N. P.N.

Krimighana + + + +
Arshogna + - + +
Kushtagna + - + +
Vatagna + - + +
Kaphagna + - + +
Jwaragna + - + +
Shothagna + - + -
Urdhwadoshnagna - - + -

Table 8: Important prayoga (Therapeutic indications)

Indications M.P.N. D.N. B.P.N. Ni. A. R.N. P. N.

Agnimandhiya - - - - - +
Arshas - + + + - +
Apachi - - - - - +
Ganda - - + - - +
Grahini + + - - - -
Gulma + + + + - -
Jwara + - - + - -
Kaphaja roga - - + - - +
Krimi + - + + - +
Kushta + + + + - +
Mandagni + - - - - -
Rakta dushti - - - - - +
Switra ,kushta + - - - - -
Urustambha - - - + - -
Udara + - - - - -
Vridhi roga - - - - - +
Vibhanda - - - - - +
Vata vihara - - + - - -
Visuchika - - + - - -
M.P.N. – Madanapala Nighantu; D.N. – Dhanwanthari Nighantu; B.P.N. – Bhavaprakasa Nihantu; Ni.A. –
Nighantu Adarsha; R.N. – Raja Nighantu; P.N. – Priya Nighantu

Table 9: Posology

Parts Dose Reference

Fruit (kalka) 3-6gm Dravya guna vignana
Fruit (kalka) 3 – 5 gm Dravyaguna hastamalaka
Juice 1-4grains Dravyaguna vignana
Phalamajja 1gm/1masha Vanoushadhi nidarshika
Phalarasa ½ to 2 ratti Vanoushadhi nidarshika
Ksheerapaka 1.2 gm Ayurveda pharmacopoeia of India
Taila 10-20 drops Charakadatta
Taila 1 -2 drops BPN
Taila 1 -2 drops Dravyaguna hastamalaka
Seed pask 3-5 gm Charakadatta
Avaleha ¼ - ½ tola BPN
Ksheerapaka 1 – 2 tola BPN

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Table 10: Important formulations of Bhallataka

S.No. Vishishta yoga (formulations) Roga (disease) Reference

1. Bhallataka kshara Grahani C.D.Grahani/26-28.p.64
2. Marichadi ghrita Grahani C.D.Grahani/48-51.p.67
3. Prathama Bhallataka ghrita Gulma C.D.Gulma/76-79.p.275
4. Dwithiya Bhallatakaghrita Gulma C.D.Gulma/97.p.277
5. Bhallataka taila Kushta C.D.Kushta/93.p.401
6. Bhallataka lauha Arshas C.D.Arshas/169-176.p.89-90
7. Bhallataka kwatha Urusthambha C.D.Urusthambha/4.p.224
8. Bhallataka lepa Vrishya C.D.Vrishya/54.p.600
9. Bhallatakadya taila Nadivrana C.D.Nadivrana/19.p.374
10. Bhallatakadya modaka Pliha and yakrit C.D. Pliha and yakrit /7.p.323
11. Bhallatakadya lepa Kushta C.D.Kushta/51-52.p.396
12. Prathama Bhallataka ghrita Gulma B.R.Gulma/159-162.p.685
13. Dwithiya Bhallatakaghrita Gulma B.R.Gulma/159-162.p.686
14. Bhallataka kwatha Urusthambha B.R.Urusthamba/16.p.610
15. Bhallatakadya modaka Arshas B.R.Arshas/59.p.303
16. Bhallatakadya modaka Pliha and yakrit B.R. Pliha and yakrit /41.p.774
17. Bhallataka lepa Kshudra B.R. Kshudra /64.p.952
18. Bhallatakadya taila Nadivrana B.R.Nadivrana /25.p.877
19. Bhallatakadya taila Vajikarana B.R. Vajikarana /74.p.1143
20. Bhrit Bhallatakavaleha Arshas B.R. Arshas /9.p.314
21. Bhallataka shotha hara yoga Shotha B.R. Shotha /44-45.p.795
22. Amruta Bhallataka Kushta B.R. Kushta/197-206.p.901
23. Amruta Bhallataka Rasayana B.R. Rasayana/176-181.p.1114-1115
23. Mahabhallataka guda Kushta B.R. Kushta/207-221.p.902-903
23. Brihatpancha Nimbadi churna Kushta B.R Kusta/ 80-88.p892-893
CD- Cakradatta; BR- Bhaishajya Ratnavali

 Well grown Bhallataka 8 in number Controversial status

should be taken 8 times of water
and reduced to1/8th after cooling
mixed with milk and consumed will
acts as Rasayana (rejuvinator)[115]
and the pathyas (wholesome diets)
are Sali (rice), ghee and milk.
Traditional Uses
Bhallataka is used for hair care in
traditional system of medicines. It is used
for dyeing, and promoting hair growth in
folk medicine.116][117]
Apart from the single drug usage, it is one
of ingredient of many formulations. (Table
10)
There are some controversies regarding
this drug based on its synonyms.
Aruskara is the paryaya given to the drug
Bhallataka. Vrtta aruskara is mentioned in
Nighantu and is considered as the
Kajutaka (Cashew nut) and it is identified
botanically with Anacardium
occidentale Linn.
The drug Nadi Bhallataka is mentioned in
Nighantu ratnakara. Kajutaka is used as
tonic and indicated for leucoderma,
haemorrhoids, Grahani etc. Nadi
Bhallataka is known with synonyms like
vrsanka Gojanaka and is sheeta virya
(cold potency). Nadi Bhallataka is
mentioned in Sushruta samhita.[118][119]
Thakurji is of opinion that it may belong to

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Ficus genus and also expresses his view
that Nadi Bhallataka may be the Nadi.
Nadi Still remains to be controversial
plant.
CONCLUSION
The drug bhallataka is used to cure
various diseases like fever, diabetes,
piles, heart diseases, inflammation,
tumors, cancer, spleen disorders, liver
disorders etc. The drug should be used
after purification for internal purposes.
This review article would help the
researchers to get a detailed Ayurvedic
references about the drug bhallataka.
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Cite This Article

Ilanchezhian R, Roshy Joseph C, Rabinarayan Acharya. An Ayurvedic perspective of Bhallataka (Semecarpus

anacardium Linn.). Int J Res Altern Med. 2014;1(2):43-58.
Source of Support: Nil Conflict of Interest: None Declared

Int J Res Altern Med. 2014;1(2):43-58 Page 58

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