1. W H. S. Jones, Hippocrates, vol 1 (Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press, 1923).

p 165 See also

Albert R Jonsen. "Do No Harm Axiom of Medical Ethics." in Philosophical and Medical Ethics Its Nature
and Significance. ed Stuart F Spicker and H Tristram Engelhardt, Jr (Dordrecht, Netherlands: D Reidel.
1977). pp 27-41 and Steven H Miles. The Hippocratic Oath and the Ethics of Medicine (New York Oxford
University Press 2004)

2. W D. Ross. The Right and the Good (Oxford Clarendon. 1930), pp. 21-26, John Rawls, A Theory of
Justice (Cambridge. MA Harvard University Press. 1971. rev. ed. 1999). p. 114 (1999 p. 98).

3. William Frankena, Ethics. 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall, 1973). p. 47

4. On the priority of avoiding harm. see criticisms by N. Ann Davis, "The Priority of Avoiding Harm," in
Killing and Letting Die. 2nd ed.. ed Bonnie Steinbock and Alastair Norcross (New York Fordham
University Press, 1999). pp. 298-354

5. McFall v Shimp, no. 78-1771 in Equity (C P Allegheny County, PA, July 26, 1978). Barbara J Culliton,
"Court Upholds Refusal to Be Medical Good Samaritan," Science 201 (August 18. 1978) 596-97: Mark F.
Anderson. "Encouraging Bone Marrow Transplants from Unrelated Donors." University of Pittsburgh Law
Review 54 (1993): 477ff.

6. Alan Meisel and Loren H. Roth, "Must a Man Be His Cousin's Keeper? Hastings Center Report 8
(October 1978) 5-6

7. Joel Feinberg, Harm to Others, vol I of The Moral Limits of the Criminal Low (New York Oxford
University Press, 1984), esp. pp. 32-36

8. On some of the roles of harm and nonmaleficence in bioethics, see Bettina Schöne-Seifert "Harm," in
Encyclopedia of Bioethics, rev ed ed. Warren Reich (New York. Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1995). pp.
1021-26

9. For an account of the central rules of nonmaleficence and their role in bioethics, see Bermard Gent
Morality Its Nature and Justification (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) and Bernard Gen, Charles
M. Culver, and K. Danner Clouser, Bioethics A Systematic Approach (New York Oxfond University Press,
2006).

10. H. L A. Hart, Punishment and Responsibility (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968), esp. pp 136-57, Jod Feinberg.
Doing and Deserving (Princeton, NI Princeton University Press, 19701 esp. pp 187-2 Eric D'Arcy, Human
Acts: An Essay in Their Moral Evaluation (Oxford: Clarendon, 1963), ep p 121.

11. On medical negligence, physician-caused harm, and their connection to medical ethics see Virginia A.
Sharpe and Alan i. Faden, Medical Harm Historical, Conceptual. and Ehical Dimn of latrogenic Ilness
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998)

12. As quoted in Angela Roddy Holder, Medical Malpractice Law (New York Wiley. 1975) p 42

13. The facts of the case and observations about it are found in Peter Pronovost et al. "An Intervention
to Decrease Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the ICU," New England Journal of Medicne 355
(2006) 2725-32; Mary Ann Baily, "Harming througt. Protection?" New England Journal of Medicine 358
(2008): 768-69; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Human