PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

PROJECT FILE

UNICEF
Submitted to : Mrs. Vaishali Thakur
Class : B.A.LL.B.(Hons.)
3rd Semester
University : UIL, Panjab University Regional Centre
Ludhiana
Submitted by : Muskan Garg(53)
Vasu Bansal(83)
Contents
Page no.

1.Introduction
2-3
2.Working of UNICEF
4-5
3.Promotions and Funds
6-10
4.Sponsorship
11-12
5.Missions and Strategy of UNICEF
13-14
6.Analysis of UNICEF
15-18
7.Conclusion and Recommendation
19-20
Acknowledgement
The success and final outcome of this project required a
lot of guidance and assistance from many people and we
are extremely privileged to have got this all along the
completion of our project. All that is done only due to
such supervision and assistance.

Our respect and thanks to Mrs. Vaishali Thakur for

providing us an opportunity to do the project work on
UNICEF and giving us all support and guidance which
made us complete the project duly. We are extremely
thankful to her for providing such a nice support and
guidance, although she had busy schedule.

We are thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant

encouragement, support and guidance from parents who
encouraged us in successfully completing our project
work. 

Muskan Garg

Vasu Bansal
 1. Introduction
1
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is a United
Nations (UN) programme headquartered in New York City that
provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children
and mothers in developing countries. It is a member of the
United Nation Development Group.
The United Nations International Children's Emergency
Fund was created by the United Nations General Assembly on
11 December 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to
children in countries that had been devastated by World War Ⅱ
The Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman is widely regarded as
the founder of UNICEF and served as its first chairman from
1946. On Rajchman's suggestion, the American Maurice Pate
was appointed its first executive director, serving from 1947
until his death in 1965. In 1950, UNICEF's mandate was
extended to address the long-term needs of children and women
in developing countries everywhere. In 1953 it became a
permanent part of the United Nations System, and the words
"international" and "emergency" were dropped from the
organization's name, making it simply the United Nations
Children's Fund, retaining the original acronym, "UNICEF"
UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and private
donors, UNICEF's total income for 2015 was
US$5,009,557,471. Governments contribute two-thirds of the
organization's resources. Private groups and individuals
contribute the rest through national committees. It is estimated
1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF
that 92 per cent of UNICEF revenue is distributed to programme
services. UNICEF's programmes emphasize developing
community-level services to promote the health and well-being
of children. UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in
1965 and the Prince of Astrius Award of Concord in 2006.
Most of UNICEF's work is in the field, with staff in over 190
countries and territories. More than 200 country offices carry out
UNICEF's mission through programmes developed with host
governments. Seven regional offices provide technical
assistance to country offices as needed.
UNICEF's Supply Division is based in Copenhegen and serves
as the primary point of distribution for such essential items as
vaccines, antiretroviral medicines for children and mothers with
HIV, nutritional supplements, emergency shelters, family
reunification, and educational supplies. A 36-member executive
board establishes policies, approves programmes and oversees
administrative and financial plans. The executive board is made
up of government representatives who are elected by the United
Nations Economic and Social Council, usually for three-year
terms.
2. Working of UNICEF
Each country office (190 countries) carries out UNICEF's
mission through a unique programme of cooperation developed
with the host government.
This five-year programme focuses on practical ways to realize
the rights of children and women. Regional offices guide this
work and provide technical assistance to country offices as
needed.
Overall management and administration of the organization
takes place at headquarters, where global policy on children is
shaped.
Guiding and monitoring all of UNICEF's work is a 36-member
Executive Board made up of government representatives.
They establish policies, approve programmes and decide on
administrative and financial plans and budgets.
Executive Board’s work is coordinated by the Bureau,
comprising the President and four Vice-Presidents(Total 5), each
officer representing one of the five regional groups.
These five officers, each one representing one of the five
regional groups, are elected by the Executive Board each year
from among its members, with the presidency rotating among
the regional groups on an annual basis.
As a matter of custom, permanent members of the Security
Council do not serve as officers of the Executive Board. Office
of the Secretary of the Executive Board supports and services
the Executive Board. It is responsible for maintaining an
effective relationship between the Executive Board and the
UNICEF secretariat, and helps to organize the field visits of the
Executive Board
3. Promotions and
Funds
In the United States, Canada and some other countries, UNICEF
is known for its "Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF" programme in
which children collect money for UNICEF from the houses they
trick-or-treat on Halloween night, sometimes instead of candy.
UNICEF2 is present in 191 countries and territories around the
world, but not involved in nine others (Bahamas, Brunei,
Cyprus, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Malta, Mauritius, Monaco, and
Singapore)
Many people in developed countries first hear about UNICEF's
work through the activities of one of the 36 National
Committees for UNICEF. These non-governmental
organizations (NGO) are primarily responsible for fundraising,
selling UNICEF greeting cards and products, creating private
and public partnerships, advocating for children's rights, and
providing other support. The US Fund for UNICEF is the oldest
of the national committees, founded in 1947.

2
https://books.google.co.in/books
On 19 April 2007, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg
was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in
which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008) and
Burundi (2009).
In 2009, the British retailer Tesco used "Change for Good" as
advertising, which is trademarked by UNICEF for charity usage
but not for commercial or retail use. This prompted the agency
to say, "it is the first time in Unicef's history that a commercial
entity has purposely set out to capitalise on one of our
campaigns and subsequently damage an income stream which
several of our programmes for children are dependent on". They
went on to call on the public "who have children’s welfare at
heart, to consider carefully who they support when making
consumer choices".
3.1 UNICEF Kid Power
Started in 2015, Kid Power is a division of UNICEF that was
created as an effort to involve kids in helping other kids in need.
UNICEF Kid Power developed the world’s first Wearable for
Good called Kid Power Bands which is a kids’ fitness tracker
bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users
complete missions, which counts total steps and awards points.
The points then unlock funding from partners, which is then
used by UNICEF to deliver lifesaving packets of therapeutic
food to severely malnourished children around the world.3

3.2 Trick-or-Treat UNICEF box

Since 1950, when a group of children in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, donated $17 which they received on Halloween to
help post-World War II victims, the Trick-or-Treat UNICEF box
has become a tradition in North America during the fall. These
small orange boxes are handed to children at schools and other
locations before 31 October. As of 2012, the Trick-or-Treat for
UNICEF campaign has collected approximately CAD 91 million
in Canada and over US$167 million in the U.S.

3
http://in.one.un.org/who-we-are/unicef-in/
3.3 Corporate partnership
To raise money to support its Education and Literacy
Programmes, UNICEF collaborates with companies worldwide
– international as well as small- and medium-sized businesses.
Since 2004, the organization has been supported by Montblanc,
working collaboratively to help the world's children getting
better access to education.[31]
According to Vaccine News Daily, Merck & Co. partnered with
UNICEF in June 2013 to decrease maternal mortality, HIV and
tuberculosis prevalence in South Africa. Merck's programme
"Merck for Mothers" will give US$500 million worldwide for
programmes that improve health for expectant mothers and their
children
In May 2010, Crucell N.V. announced an additional US$110
million award from UNICEF to supply its pentavalent pediatric
vaccine Quinvaxem to the developing world.

3.4 Corporate Social Responsibility

UNICEF works directly with companies to improve their
business practices, bringing them in line with obligations under
international law, and ensuring that they respect children's rights
in the realms of the marketplace, workplace, and the
community4. In 2012, UNICEF worked with Save the Children
and The United Nations Global Compact to develop the
Children's Rights and Business Principles and now these
guidelines form the basis UNICEF's advice to companies.
UNICEF works with companies seeking to improve their social
sustainability by guiding them through a due diligence process
where issues throughout their supply chain, such as child labour,
can be identified and actions to ratify them are put in place.

Corporate Partners :
 IKEA FOUNDATION
 EXIDE
 Oxford Bookstore
 BARCLAYS
 Johnson & Johnson
And many organisations and individuals are there.

3.5 Girl Star

The Girl Star] project is a series of films which documents
stories of girls from the most disadvantaged communities across
five northern states in India who, through via education, have
managed to break socio-economic constraints to make a success
of their lives and become self-sufficient. These young women
have grown to become role models in their communities,
inspiring younger girls to go to school and continue their
education. They have selected professions from the most
4
https://donatetounicef.in/
conventional such as teaching and nursing, to the most
unconventional like archery, bee-keeping, often entering what
has traditionally been a man’s domain.

4. Sponsorship
On 7 September 2006, an agreement between UNICEF and the
Spanish Catalan association football club FC Barcelona was
reached whereby the club would donate 1.5 million Euros per
year to the organization for five years. As part of the agreement,
FC Barcelona will wear the UNICEF logo on the front of their
uniform. This was the first time a football club sponsored an
organization rather than the other way around. It was also the
first time in FC Barcelona's history that they have had another
organization's name across the front of their uniform.
In January 2007 UNICEF struck a partnership with Canada's
national tent pegging team. The team was officially re-flagged
as "UNICEF Team Canada", its riders wear UNICEF's logo in
competition, and team members promote and raise funds for
UNICEF's campaign against childhood HIV-AIDS5. When the
team became the 2008 tent pegging world champions,
UNICEF's flag was raised alongside the Canadian flag at the
games, the first time in the history of international Grand Prix
equestrian competition that a non-state flag has flown over the
medal podium.
The Swedish club Hammarby IF followed the Spanish and
Canadian lead on 14 April 2007, also raising funds for UNICEF
5
http://www.maharaj.org/tentpegging.shtml
and displaying the UNICEF name on their sportswear. The
Danish football club Brøndby IF participated in a similar
arrangement from 2008 to 2013.
Australian A-League club Sydney FC announced they would
also enter into a partnership with UNICEF raising funds for
children in the Asia-Pacific region, and would also display the
UNICEF logo for the remainder of the 2011-12 A-League
season.
Race driver Jacques Villeneuve has occasionally placed the
UNICEF logo on the #27 Bill Davis Racing pickup truck in the
NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series.
In Botswana, UNICEF has funded the development of new
state-of-the-art HIV/AIDS education for every schoolchild in
Botswana from nonprofit organization TeachAIDS.
UNICEF recently announced a landmark partnership with
Scottish club Rangers F.C. UNICEF will partner the Rangers
Charity Foundation and have pledged to raise £300,000 by 2011.
In 2010, UNICEF created a partnership with Phi Iota Alpha,
making them the first Greek Lettered Organization UNICEF has
ever worked with. In 2011, Phi Iota Alpha raised over $20,000
for the Tap Project and the Trick or Treats for UNICEF
Campaign.
In 2013, they agreed a contract with Greek association football
champions Olympiacos F.C. who will don the organization's
logo on the front of their shirts.
5. Mission and Strategy of
UNICEF
UNICEF is a huge international organization which carries out
charitable work in many different areas. If we summarize the
work UNICEF is doing, then we find out that it is working for
people's welfare6.

5.1 Priorities and opportunities for

children
 The fundamental mission of UNICEF is to promote the
rights of every child,1 everywhere, in everything the
organization does — in programmes, in advocacy and in
operations. The equity strategy, emphasizing the most
disadvantaged and excluded children and families,
translates this commitment to children’s rights into action.
 The focus on equity as it accelerates progress towards
realizing the human rights of all children, which is the
universal mandate of UNICEF, as outlined by the
Convention on the Rights of the Child, while also
supporting the equitable development of nations.

6
https://society-politics.blurtit.com/2242378/what-are-the-objectives-of-unicef
 5.2 Strategic approach
UNICEF create a specific outcome for nutrition, to reflect the global
priority given to reducing undernutrition, and give more attention to
social inclusion, including generation of data and policies that promote
human rights and advance social protection. Key findings from the
review include the importance of:
(a) Refocusing on equity and its key contribution to the realization of
children’s rights7;
(b) Accelerating efforts to achieve the MDGs and continuing relevant
programming after 2015, with a stronger results-based management
approach that aligns with the institutional structures of most
governments;
(c) Scaling up proven interventions, enhancing the accountability of
national institutions for effective policies, systematically strengthening
the use of services and encouraging appropriate behaviour change and
participation of children, including adolescents, and communities;
(d) Harnessing innovation and the deeper and wider evidence base to
drive and sustain global progress towards realization of children’s
rights;
(e) Complementing sector-based approaches with more attention to
synergies across sectors and to multi-sectoral action;
(f) Addressing gaps in data, evidence, reporting and accountability;
(g) Leveraging UNICEF presence in most countries of the world to
support the realization of rights for all children, everywhere;

7
https://www.unicef.org/strategicplan/files/2013-21-UNICEF_Strategic_Plan-ODS-English.pdf
6. Analysis of UNICEF
UNICEF major goal is the improve the condition of the children
present in the society world-wide. UNICEF focus on access and
learning in primary education. It supports in strengthening of
systems to provide multiple and alternative pathways for
disadvantaged and excluded children, including children with
disabilities and girls, with an emphasis on measurable learning
outcomes.

6.1 Outputs
The work of UNICEF and its partners leads directly to outputs,
which are categorized for each outcome according to their
association with:
(a) Enhanced support for children, families and communities to
promote knowledge, behaviour change, demand for services
and opportunities for participation8;
(b) Increased national capacity to ensure availability of and
access to services and to strengthen systems;
(c) Strengthened political commitment and national capacity to
legislate, plan and budget for children;
(d) Increased country capacity and delivery of services to
protect and provide for children in humanitarian settings;
8
https://www.unicef.org/strategicplan/files/2013-21-UNICEF_Strategic_Plan-ODS-English.pdf
(e) Increased capacity of governments and partners, as duty-
bearers, to identify and respond to specific challenges related
to the protection and promotion of the rights of children and
gender equality;
(f) Enhanced enabling environment at global and regional levels
to realize child rights.

6.2 UNICEF Facilities

UNICEF has provided time to time various privileges and
facilities to the children and women.

6.2.1 UNICEF World Warehouse

The old UNICEF World Warehouse is a large facility in
Denmark, which hosts UNICEF deliverable goods as well as co-
hosts emergency goods9 for United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Federation of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).

6.2.2 UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre

9
http://www.unicef.org/supply/index_warehouse.html
The UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre10 in Florence, Italy,
was established in 1988. The centre, formally known as the
International Child Development Centre, has as its prime
objectives to improve international understanding of issues
relating to children's rights, to promote economic policies that
advance the cause of children, and to help facilitate the full
implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights
of the Child in industrialized and developing countries.

6.3 Critical analysis

However, plays a vital role in maintenance and development of
children and women but there are certain which are
controversial as well as are the areas where UNICEF fails to
function properly.

6.3.1 Adoption Program

UNICEF has a policy preferring orphanages only be used as
temporary accommodation for children when there is no
alternative. UNICEF has historically opposed the creation of
large-scale, permanent orphanages for children, preferring
instead to find children places in their (extended) families and
communities, wherever possible. This has led UNICEF to be
skeptical of international adoption efforts as a solution to child
care problems in developing countries; UNICEF has preferred to
see children cared for in their birth countries rather than be
adopted by foreign parents11.

10
http://www.unicef-irc.org/
11
http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3228398/IA-GlPol72409.pdf?sequence=2
Major news outlets such as US News have asserted UNICEF's
intervention when giving large cash payments to developing
countries can lead to a cessation of international adoptions until
all of its recommendations are in place, and have even labeled
UNICEF a "villain" for the extent of its negative impact on
orphans. Elizabeth Bartholet and Paulo Barrozo have written in
this context, encouraging adoption protocols to take on a more
child-centric viewpoint.

6.3.1 Infant mortality

One concern is that the child mortality rate has not decreased in
some areas as rapidly as had been planned, especially in Sub-
Saharan Africa, where in 2013 "the region still has the highest
child mortality rate: 92 deaths per 1000 live births".and that
"Globally, nearly half of under-five deaths are attributable to
undernutrition."
In 2005, Richard Horton editor-in-chief of The Lancet,
editorialized that "over 60% of these deaths were and remain
preventable" and that the coverage levels for these interventions
are "appallingly low in the 42 countries that account for 90% of
child deaths"12.

7. Conclusion
UNICEF is appealing for almost US$1.4 billion to assist
millions of children, women and men by providing them
12
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Horton_(editor)
 with nutritional support, health care, water, sanitation,
learning spaces and materials, protection services,
shelter and information.
UNICEF works in some of the most challenging
environments in the world to deliver results for millions
of children and women threatened by natural disasters
or complex emergencies.
UNICEF’s mission is to remain focus on
these five priorities all over the world in all
circumstances including conflicts, war,
natural disasters, emergencies and also in
times of peace.
UNICEF support has been tremendous in ensuring the
provision of education to the refugee children. It is obvious that
more than 80% of educational supplies and capacity building of
teachers have been supported by UNICEF. The collaboration
between UNICEF and the implementing NGOs has significantly
contributed to the success of the education programme as it
would have been almost impossible for UNICEF alone to
implement the programme.
7.1 Recommendations
 Teacher attrition
UNICEF must continue training and retraining teachers in
as large numbers as possible to close the gap that is
seriously affecting the quality of teaching.
 Teachers workloads
Large class sizes have a negative impact on the
teaching-learning process. So it is suggested that the
recruitment of teachers be consistent with the review of
incentives so as to attract more staff in the teaching
profession.
 Shortage of instructional materials
Distribution of materials needs to be strengthened
and mechanisms for follow-up proper use of materials
be put in place.
 Pre-school education
UNICEF should look into the possibility of supporting
community efforts in running pre-schools through
teacher training and material support. Arrangements
need to be made to give incentives to teachers as it is
being done for primary school teachers.
References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF
 https://books.google.co.in/books
 http://in.one.un.org/who-we-are/unicef-in/
 https://donatetounicef.in/
 https://society-
politics.blurtit.com/2242378/what-are-the-
objectives-of-unicef
 https://www.unicef.org/strategicplan/files/
2013-21-UNICEF_Strategic_Plan-ODS-
English.pdf
 http://www.unicef.org/supply/index_wareh
ouse.html
 http://www.unicef-irc.org/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hort
on_(editor)