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GSM呼叫流程

目的和内容

 目的
‡ 介绍GSM正常的呼叫流程(空中接口、A-bis接口和A接口)
‡ 介绍部分常见的异常中断的流程
 内容
‡ GSM网络协议介绍
‡ GSM逻辑信道介绍
‡ 无线链路建立流程(Radio and Link Establishment Procedure)
‡ TCH正常分配流程(Normal Assignment Procedure)
‡ 主叫流程(Originating Call)
‡ 被叫流程(Terminating Call)
‡ 位置更新流程(Location Updating)
‡ 切换流程(Handover Procedure)
‡ 呼叫释放流程(Call Release Procedure)
‡ 信道释放流程(Channel Release Procedure)
GSM网络协议

DTAP
GSM


层 RSL

OML

无线网络优化主要关心第三层的 无线网络优化主要关心DTAP、RSL 无线网络优化主要关心DTAP、


信令 的信令 BSSMAP和部分SCCP的信令
GSM网络协议

 Layer 3介绍
‡ RR : 无线资源管理(Radio Resource Management)
> 由MS、BTS和BSC控制
> 功能举例
– Paging管理(Paging Management)
– 加密管理(Ciphered Mode Management)
– 频点分配(Frequency Redefinition)
– 信道分配(Dedicated Channel Assignment)
– 切换(Handover Management )
– 测量和功率控制(Measures and Power Control)
‡ MM : 移动性管理(Mobility Management)
> 由MS和MSC / VLR控制
> 功能举例
– 鉴权和身份识别(Authentication / Identification Procedures)
– 位置更新(Location Updating)
– IMSI Attach / Detach
GSM网络协议

‡ CC : 呼叫控制(Call Control)
> 由MS和MSC控制
> 功能举例
– 呼叫处理和路由(Call processing and routing)
– 双音多频(DTMF Facilities)
– 短消息服务(Short Message Service)
– 附加服务(Supplementary Service)
GSM呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道

 呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道
‡ PCH
> 寻呼信道(Paging Channel)
‡ RACH
> 随机接入信道(Random Access Channel)
‡ AGCH
> 接入认可信道(Access Grant Channel)
‡ SDCCH
> 独立专用控制信道(Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel)
‡ SACCH
> 慢联系控制信道(Slow Associated Channel)
‡ TCH
> 话务信道(Traffic Channel)
‡ FACCH
> 快联系控制信道(Fast Associated Control Channel)

PCH RACH AGCH SDCCH + SACCH TCH/FACCH + SACCH


无线链路建立流程

 定义
‡ 手机与网络间建立一个无线链路,用于信令传送
‡ 包括以下四个步骤
> Paging过程(Paging Procedure)(仅用于被叫流程中)
> 随机接入过程(Random Access Procedure)
> 立即分配过程(Immediate Assignment Procedure)
> SCCP联接建立过程(SCCP Connection Establishment Procedure)
无线链路建立流程

MS 信令消息 BTS RACH_TA_Filtering BSC MSC


Channel Request
ST3126 Channel Required
(RACH)(Est Cause,Rnd Nbr)
(Est Cause,Rnd Nbr,TA)

Channel Activation(SD) ST9103

Channel Act Ack (SD) ET9103

Immediate Assignment
Command ST3101

(AGCH)
UI Imm Assignment / Imm Ass Ext 如CM Serv Req,Pag Res,
ET3126
Loc Update Req等
SABM [L3 Info](SDCCH) Est Ind [L3 Info] ET3101
UA [L3 Info] SCCP Con Rqrd [L3]
ST9105

ET9105 SCCP Conn Confirm


TCH分配过程

 定义
‡ 分配TCH的过程
‡ 特殊情况
> 排队(Queuing)
> 直接重试(Directed Retry)
TCH分配过程
MS BTS BSC MSC

(SDCCH) Assignment Request STrr1

Physical Context Request


ST9108
(TA,MS/BS_TxPwr)
Physical Context Confirm
ET9108
(TA,MS/BS_TxPwr)
Channel Activation TCH
ST9103

Channel Activation Ack.


ET9103

(TA,TS,HSN,MAIO,
MS_TxPwr) Assignment Command
ST3107
Assignment Command
占用TCH时,如需传送信令,则通过
Stealing Flag将TCH转换成FACCH
SABM (FACCH)
Establish Indication
UA

Assignment Complete Assignment Complete


ET3107

Assignment Cmp
ETrr1

RF Channel Release (SD)

RF Channel Release Ack.


TCH分配过程——排队和直接重试
MS BTS BSC MSC
Assignment Request
ST11 Queuing Indication
TCH拥塞和排队
ET11
Physical Con Req At this time, a TCH become free

Assignment Request
直接重试 ST11 Queuing Indication

ET11 A Handover alarm is raised.


T Channel Activation ST9103
A target BTS is selected
Chan. Act. Ack.
T ET9103

HO CMD HO CMD ST3103


S
ST3124 HO Access T HO Detection
ET3124
Phys. Info T

SABM (FACCH) T Establish Indication


UA T

HO CMP T HO CMP
ET3103

Assignment Cmp
Off Air Call Setup

主叫过程(非OACSU情况)
MS BTS BSC MSC
RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment

ESTIN (CM_Serv_Req) CM_Serv_Req

Authentication Procedure Authentication Procedure Authentication Procedure


SDCCH Ciphering Procedure Ciphering Procedure Ciphering Procedure
TMSI Realloc Procedure TMSI Realloc Procedure TMSI Realloc Procedure

SETUP SETUP SETUP

Call Proceeding Call Proceeding Call Proceeding

Assignment Procedure Assignment Procedure Assignment Procedure


Alerting Alerting Alerting

Connect Connect Connect


TCH

Connect Ack. Connect Ack. Connect Ack.

Speech
主叫过程(OACSU情况)
MS BTS BSC MSC
RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment

ESTIN (CM_Serv_Req) CM_Serv_Req

Authentication Procedure Authentication Procedure Authentication Procedure


Ciphering Procedure Ciphering Procedure Ciphering Procedure
SDCCH TMSI Realloc Procedure TMSI Realloc Procedure TMSI Realloc Procedure

SETUP SETUP SETUP

Call Proceeding Call Proceeding Call Proceeding

Alerting Alerting Alerting

Assignment Procedure Assignment Procedure Assignment Procedure

Connect Connect Connect

TCH Connect Ack. Connect Ack. Connect Ack.

Speech
被叫过程
MS (MS ID(TMSI/IMSI)) BTS (MS ID(TMSI/IMSI),BSC (MS ID(TMSI/IMSI),Cell
MSC
(最多可同时发4个TMSI) Paging Group) ID(LAC/LAC+CI))
Paging Request Paging Command Paging ST3113

RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment


ESTIN (Paging Resp) Paging Response ET3113
(Mobile ID,Classmark2,Priority,)
Authentication Procedure Authentication Procedure Authentication Procedure
Ciphering Procedure Ciphering Procedure Ciphering Procedure
TMSI Realloc Procedure TMSI Realloc Procedure TMSI Realloc Procedure

SETUP SETUP SETUP


(calling party nbr)
Call Confirmed Call Confirmed Call Confirmed

Assignment Procedure Assignment Procedure Assignment Procedure


Alerting Alerting Alerting

Connect Connect Connect

Connect Ack. Connect Ack. Connect Ack.

Speech
位置更新过程
MS BTS BSC MSC
RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment

ESTIN (Loc Up Req) Loc Up Req ST3210

Authentication Procedure Authentication Procedure Authentication Procedure


Ciphering Procedure Ciphering Procedure Ciphering Procedure
TMSI Realloc Procedure TMSI Realloc Procedure TMSI Realloc Procedure

Loc Up Accept Loc Up Accept Loc Up Accept ET3210

Clear CMD
Channel Release
Channel Release
Deactivate SACCH
DISC

UA Release Indication

RF Ch Release

RF Ch Release Ack
Clear CMP
位置更新过程 —— A口

 A口信令

注:在这段信令中,手机Location Update Request中所带


的TMSI不能被VLR识别(一般在跨MSC位置更新时),
所以MSC发Identification Request,要求手机上发IMSI号
码。得到IMSI号码后,MSC到老的VLR中要到鉴权信息
,并对手机进行鉴权。全部完成后MSC到老的VLR中做
Cancel Location,结束所有过程。
切换过程

 切换分为
‡ 小区内切换(IntraCell Internal Handover) :
> 切换原因 (按优先级排序)
– Cause 15 & 16 干扰切换(High level interference on UL or DL).
– Cause 10 & 11 : 同心圆内圆电平过低而向外园切换(Too low level, inner zone (inner to
outer zone HO, concentric cell) (UL & DL))
– Cause 13 : 同心圆内圆电平较高时向内圆切换(Too high level on the UL and DL, outer zone
(outer to inner zone HO, concentric cell))
‡ BSC内部小区间切换(Intercell Internal Handover)
> 切换原因 (按优先级排序)
– Cause 7 : 微小区BadSACCH切换(Several consecutive Bad SACCH frames received (rescue
microcell HO))
– Cause 17 & 18 : 微小区高门限切换(Too low level in a microcell compared to a high
threshold (UL & DL))
– Cause 2 & 4 : 质量切换(Too Low Quality (UL & DL))
– Cause 3 & 5 : 电平切换(Too Low Level (UL & DL))
– Cause 6 : 太长距离且换(Too long MS-BS distance)
– Cause 22: 扩站小区外小区太短距离切换(Too short MS-BS distance)
– Cause20: 强制直接重试(Forced Direct Retry)
– Cause25: GPRS重定向(GPRS Redirection )
切换过程

– Cause 21: Preferred Band切换(High level in neighbor cell in the preferred band)
– Cause 14: 宏小区到微小区切换(High level in a neighbor microcell for macrocell to microcell
HO.)
– Cause 12: PBGT切换(Power Budget ("Better Cell HO"))
– Cause 23: 话务切换(Traffic HO)
– Cause 24: 综合捕捉切换(General Capture HO)
– Cause 28: Fast Traffic HO (B7 New Feature)
‡ 同步切换
> Intra Cell切换
> 部分Internal Inter Cell切换
‡ 异步切换
Intra Cell切换过程
MS Measurement Rep BTS BSC MSC
Measurement Res
Intra cell切换
OC
Phys Context Req ST9108

OC
Phys Context Conf ET9108
原信道上的TA、
Channel Activation ST9103 MS/BS_TxPwr被沿用到
NC
了新的信道上
NC
Channel Activation Ack ET9103

OC Assignment Command ST3107

OC Assignment Command
SABM NC
NC Establish Indication
NC
UA

Assignment Complete NC
Assignment Complete ET3107
(HO Cause,Cell ID,Chn Type)
Handover Performed

OC RF Channel Rel ST_RCR_ACK

OC RF Channel Rel Ack. ET_RCR_ACK

OC : Old Channel
NC : New Channel
Intra Cell切换过程 —— Abis

 Abis信令
Internal Inter Cell切换过程——同
步切换
MS BTSserving BTStarget BSC MSC
Meas Report Meas Result
HO Alarm & Candidate Cell

Phys Context Req ST9108

Phys Context Conf ET9108

Channel Activation ST9103

Channel Act Ack. ET9103

HO Command HO Command ST3103

HO Access (AB,DCH)
HO Detection
ST3106

ST200 SABM (TA被采用) ET3106


Establish Ind
ET200
UA

Handover Complete Handover Complete ST3103


Handover Performed

RF Channel Release ST_RCR_ACK

RF Channel Rel. Ack. ET_RCR_ACK


Internal Inter Cell切换过程——异
步切换
MS BTSserving BTStarget BSC MSC
Meas Report Meas Result
HO Alarm & Candidate Cell

Channel Activation ST9103

Channel Act Ack. ET9103

HO Command HO Command ST3103

ST3124
HO Access

HO Detection
ET3124
Physical Info ST3105

ST200 SABM
ET3105
Establish Ind
ET200 UA

Handover Complete Handover Complete ST3103


Handover Performed

Phys Context Req ST9108

Phys Context Conf ET9108


RF Channel Release ST_RCR_ACK

RF Channel Rel. Ack. ET_RCR_ACK


External Inter Cell切换过程——
异步切换
MS BTSserving BTStarget BSCserving BSCtarget MSC
Meas Report Meas Result
HO Alarm & Candidate Cell
HO Required
ST_HO_REQ_Lost HO Request STrr2
Channel Activation (SCCP
ST9103
Con Required)

Channel Act Ack. ST9103


HO Request Ack. ETrr2
HO Command HO Command
ST9113 (SCCP Con Conf).
HO Command
ET_HO_REQ_Lost ST3103
HO Access ST8
ST3124 HO Detection
ST3106
Phys Information
ET3124
SABM
ST200 ET3106 Establish Ind
UA
ET200

Handover Complete Handover Complete ET9113 HO Complete


ET3103
RF Channel Release Clear Command
ET8
RF Ch. Rel. Ack. Clear Complete

SCCP Released
SCCP Rel. Cmp.
External Inter Cell切换过程——A口

 A口信令——切出

 A口信令——切入
呼叫释放过程
MS BTS BSC MSC

手机触发的呼叫释放

Disconnect Disconnect Disconnect

Release Release Release

Release Complete Release Complete Release Complete

网络触发的呼叫释放
Disconnect Disconnect Disconnect

Release Release Release

Release Complete Release Complete Release Complete


呼叫释放过程——A口

 A口信令——手机发起的呼叫释放过程

呼叫释放(DTAP层释放)

BSSM层释放

SCCP层释放
 Disconnect

MS触发的呼叫释放

正常挂机
呼叫释放过程——A口

 A口信令——网络发起的呼叫释放过程

 Disconnect

网络触发的呼叫释放

对方正常挂机
信道释放过程——空中接口的信
道释放

MS BTS BSC MSC


ST3110 Channel Release (DCH)
Deactivate SACCH
DISC (DCH)
Release Indication ST3111
BSC发Channel Release
ET3110 UA
T3111 Expiry
消息到手机
Phy Context Request ST9108

Phy Context Confirm 一定要等待T3111后才能释放


ET9108
BTS信道,这样可以保证UA消息
RF Channel Release ST_RCR_ACK 有充足的时间发下
RF Channel Release Ack ET_RCR_ACK

No SACCH received from the MS


Connection Fail Ind
无线链路失败情况
RF Channel Release ST_RCR_ACK

RF Channel Release Ack ET_RCR_ACK


信道释放过程——Abis

 Abis信令

信道释放过程
信道释放过程——A接口释放

BSC MSC

ST9104 Clear Request

ET9104
Clear Command

BSC触发的释放 ST9101 Clear Complete

ET9101
SCCP Released

SCCP Released Complete

Clear Command

MSC触发的释放 Clear Complete

ST9101 SCCP Released

ET9101
SCCP Released Complete

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