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GSM信令流程
GSM信令流程
目的和内容
目的
介绍GSM正常的呼叫流程(空中接口、A-bis接口和A接口)
介绍部分常见的异常中断的流程
内容
GSM网络协议介绍
GSM逻辑信道介绍
无线链路建立流程(Radio and Link Establishment Procedure)
TCH正常分配流程(Normal Assignment Procedure)
主叫流程(Originating Call)
被叫流程(Terminating Call)
位置更新流程(Location Updating)
切换流程(Handover Procedure)
呼叫释放流程(Call Release Procedure)
信道释放流程(Channel Release Procedure)
GSM网络协议
DTAP
GSM
协
议
层 RSL
数
OML
Layer 3介绍
RR : 无线资源管理(Radio Resource Management)
> 由MS、BTS和BSC控制
> 功能举例
– Paging管理(Paging Management)
– 加密管理(Ciphered Mode Management)
– 频点分配(Frequency Redefinition)
– 信道分配(Dedicated Channel Assignment)
– 切换(Handover Management )
– 测量和功率控制(Measures and Power Control)
MM : 移动性管理(Mobility Management)
> 由MS和MSC / VLR控制
> 功能举例
– 鉴权和身份识别(Authentication / Identification Procedures)
– 位置更新(Location Updating)
– IMSI Attach / Detach
GSM网络协议
CC : 呼叫控制(Call Control)
> 由MS和MSC控制
> 功能举例
– 呼叫处理和路由(Call processing and routing)
– 双音多频(DTMF Facilities)
– 短消息服务(Short Message Service)
– 附加服务(Supplementary Service)
GSM呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道
呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道
PCH
> 寻呼信道(Paging Channel)
RACH
> 随机接入信道(Random Access Channel)
AGCH
> 接入认可信道(Access Grant Channel)
SDCCH
> 独立专用控制信道(Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel)
SACCH
> 慢联系控制信道(Slow Associated Channel)
TCH
> 话务信道(Traffic Channel)
FACCH
> 快联系控制信道(Fast Associated Control Channel)
定义
手机与网络间建立一个无线链路,用于信令传送
包括以下四个步骤
> Paging过程(Paging Procedure)(仅用于被叫流程中)
> 随机接入过程(Random Access Procedure)
> 立即分配过程(Immediate Assignment Procedure)
> SCCP联接建立过程(SCCP Connection Establishment Procedure)
无线链路建立流程
Immediate Assignment
Command ST3101
(AGCH)
UI Imm Assignment / Imm Ass Ext 如CM Serv Req,Pag Res,
ET3126
Loc Update Req等
SABM [L3 Info](SDCCH) Est Ind [L3 Info] ET3101
UA [L3 Info] SCCP Con Rqrd [L3]
ST9105
定义
分配TCH的过程
特殊情况
> 排队(Queuing)
> 直接重试(Directed Retry)
TCH分配过程
MS BTS BSC MSC
(TA,TS,HSN,MAIO,
MS_TxPwr) Assignment Command
ST3107
Assignment Command
占用TCH时,如需传送信令,则通过
Stealing Flag将TCH转换成FACCH
SABM (FACCH)
Establish Indication
UA
Assignment Cmp
ETrr1
Assignment Request
直接重试 ST11 Queuing Indication
HO CMP T HO CMP
ET3103
Assignment Cmp
Off Air Call Setup
主叫过程(非OACSU情况)
MS BTS BSC MSC
RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment
Speech
主叫过程(OACSU情况)
MS BTS BSC MSC
RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment
Speech
被叫过程
MS (MS ID(TMSI/IMSI)) BTS (MS ID(TMSI/IMSI),BSC (MS ID(TMSI/IMSI),Cell
MSC
(最多可同时发4个TMSI) Paging Group) ID(LAC/LAC+CI))
Paging Request Paging Command Paging ST3113
Speech
位置更新过程
MS BTS BSC MSC
RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment RR Connection Establishment
Clear CMD
Channel Release
Channel Release
Deactivate SACCH
DISC
UA Release Indication
RF Ch Release
RF Ch Release Ack
Clear CMP
位置更新过程 —— A口
A口信令
切换分为
小区内切换(IntraCell Internal Handover) :
> 切换原因 (按优先级排序)
– Cause 15 & 16 干扰切换(High level interference on UL or DL).
– Cause 10 & 11 : 同心圆内圆电平过低而向外园切换(Too low level, inner zone (inner to
outer zone HO, concentric cell) (UL & DL))
– Cause 13 : 同心圆内圆电平较高时向内圆切换(Too high level on the UL and DL, outer zone
(outer to inner zone HO, concentric cell))
BSC内部小区间切换(Intercell Internal Handover)
> 切换原因 (按优先级排序)
– Cause 7 : 微小区BadSACCH切换(Several consecutive Bad SACCH frames received (rescue
microcell HO))
– Cause 17 & 18 : 微小区高门限切换(Too low level in a microcell compared to a high
threshold (UL & DL))
– Cause 2 & 4 : 质量切换(Too Low Quality (UL & DL))
– Cause 3 & 5 : 电平切换(Too Low Level (UL & DL))
– Cause 6 : 太长距离且换(Too long MS-BS distance)
– Cause 22: 扩站小区外小区太短距离切换(Too short MS-BS distance)
– Cause20: 强制直接重试(Forced Direct Retry)
– Cause25: GPRS重定向(GPRS Redirection )
切换过程
– Cause 21: Preferred Band切换(High level in neighbor cell in the preferred band)
– Cause 14: 宏小区到微小区切换(High level in a neighbor microcell for macrocell to microcell
HO.)
– Cause 12: PBGT切换(Power Budget ("Better Cell HO"))
– Cause 23: 话务切换(Traffic HO)
– Cause 24: 综合捕捉切换(General Capture HO)
– Cause 28: Fast Traffic HO (B7 New Feature)
同步切换
> Intra Cell切换
> 部分Internal Inter Cell切换
异步切换
Intra Cell切换过程
MS Measurement Rep BTS BSC MSC
Measurement Res
Intra cell切换
OC
Phys Context Req ST9108
OC
Phys Context Conf ET9108
原信道上的TA、
Channel Activation ST9103 MS/BS_TxPwr被沿用到
NC
了新的信道上
NC
Channel Activation Ack ET9103
OC Assignment Command
SABM NC
NC Establish Indication
NC
UA
Assignment Complete NC
Assignment Complete ET3107
(HO Cause,Cell ID,Chn Type)
Handover Performed
OC : Old Channel
NC : New Channel
Intra Cell切换过程 —— Abis
Abis信令
Internal Inter Cell切换过程——同
步切换
MS BTSserving BTStarget BSC MSC
Meas Report Meas Result
HO Alarm & Candidate Cell
HO Access (AB,DCH)
HO Detection
ST3106
ST3124
HO Access
HO Detection
ET3124
Physical Info ST3105
ST200 SABM
ET3105
Establish Ind
ET200 UA
SCCP Released
SCCP Rel. Cmp.
External Inter Cell切换过程——A口
A口信令——切出
A口信令——切入
呼叫释放过程
MS BTS BSC MSC
手机触发的呼叫释放
网络触发的呼叫释放
Disconnect Disconnect Disconnect
A口信令——手机发起的呼叫释放过程
呼叫释放(DTAP层释放)
BSSM层释放
SCCP层释放
Disconnect
MS触发的呼叫释放
正常挂机
呼叫释放过程——A口
A口信令——网络发起的呼叫释放过程
Disconnect
网络触发的呼叫释放
对方正常挂机
信道释放过程——空中接口的信
道释放
Abis信令
信道释放过程
信道释放过程——A接口释放
BSC MSC
ET9104
Clear Command
ET9101
SCCP Released
Clear Command
ET9101
SCCP Released Complete