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Calculation Model and Methodology For Stiffness Evaluation in Hydraulics Cylinders
Calculation Model and Methodology For Stiffness Evaluation in Hydraulics Cylinders
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ABSTRACT
In the paper an analysis scheme able to considerate of all the main geometric and load factors that affect the
behavior of a hydraulic cylinder in its action as a flexural-compression member. Also, experimental validations of the
model are shown too. A methodology to identify the conditions leading to the instability of the cylinder is established.
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VOL. 12, NO. 11, JUNE 2017 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2017 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
P v− c P v− c
M =− L−z + L−z −
L L
[kc βc −kv βv ]
L − z + R v L − z − Pfv − K v βv −
L
W
L−z + P(ev + y ) (2)
Where:
y2- Is the deflection of the axis of the rod at the axial
distance z from the origin.
𝑃 𝑃
Figure-1. Hydraulic cylinder - geometry, reactions = =
and loads. 𝐼 𝐼
Similarly the equation for the moment in the rod The inclinations of the elastic curve in the tube
is given by: and rod are:
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VOL. 12, NO. 11, JUNE 2017 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2017 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
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VOL. 12, NO. 11, JUNE 2017 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2017 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
There is a deviation from the condition that the only a flexural moment equal to the flexural capacity of
limit in compression is equal to the limit in tension for the the cross-section. This moment capacity is given by:
materials used for the rod, and the loss of stability in the
hydraulic cylinder occurs in the rod part. 𝑖 = 𝜎 ∙ 𝑊𝑝 (14)
The maximum stress in the rod (for the case of a
massive rod) can be calculated using the expression: Where Mlim is the plastic moment capacity of the
section. For a circular section one has:
𝑃 𝑓 𝑎𝑥𝑣
𝜎 𝑎 = + =𝜎 (12)
𝐴 𝑊𝑥 . ∙𝑖∙ 𝑣
𝑊𝑝𝑖 = . ∙ 𝑊 = = . ∙ (15)
Where A= πdv2/4 (cross-sectional area of rod).
Wx = = πdv3/32 (flexural modulus of the rod). At the complete loss of stability the stress is
given by
Then the maximum stress becomes:
𝑃 𝑓 𝑎𝑥𝑣
∙𝑃 ∙ 𝑓 𝑎𝑥𝑣
𝜎 𝑎 = + (16)
𝐴 𝑊𝑃
𝜎 𝑎 = + =𝜎 (13)
𝜋∙ 𝑣 𝜋∙ 𝑣
From this expression is obtained:
Where
dv = cross-sectional diameter of the rod, ∙𝑃 ∙ 𝑓 𝑎𝑥𝑣
𝜎 𝑎 = + (17)
P = axial load on the cylinder. 𝜋∙ 𝑣 𝑣
σf = plastic flow stress for the rod material.
This latter expression is used to obtain the value
Evaluating the expression (13) one can find the of the axial load P at which there is complete loss of
value of the axial load P at which the plastic deformations stability.
begin in the rod, and thus one can find the load for In the proposed method of analysis an initial trial
instability initiation. axial load P is considered to be applied to the hydraulic
cylinder, and the equation of the deflected curve is
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS determined. The slopes and the flexural moment in this
The fact that plastic deformations commence in solution are determined, and the analysis is continued up
the rod does not signify at all a complete loss of stability to the determination of the condition for the initial, and
in the hydraulic cylinder. The normal stresses due to then the complete loss of stability.
flexure are distributed in the transverse section of the rod, If the condition (17) is not satisfied by the given
in a manner proportional to the the distance from the load P, an increase P is made to the load, and the entire
neutral axis, and the start of the plastic deformations analysis is repeated at this higher load level. The process is
signifies solely that the maximum stresses in the section continued until the failure state is reached.
reach, locally, the capacity of the material Figure-3 a. In the stability calculations, it is often assumed
From this loading level onward, owing to the that the hydraulic cylinder acts as a column axially loaded,
increase of the flexural moment, the plastic stresses with a diameter equal to the diameter of the rod, and with
expand within the section, proceeding from the extreme a length (Lc) equal to the total length of a hydraulic
fibres towards the neutral axis Figure-3b. There is cylinder in the most extended condition Figure-4a.
complete loss of stability when the plastic stresses reach Alternatively, it may be assumed that the hydraulic
completely across the cross-section Figure-3c. cylinder acts as a column, fixed at one end, and hinged at
Subsequently, the deformations of the rod continue to the other Figure-4b. The diameter is taken equal to the
increase without increase in load. diameter of the rod, and the length equal to the length of
When the critical load is reached a plastic hinge the completely extended rod (Lc/2). In some industries the
is formed at the critical cross-section, which can carry first scheme is used in the calculations, verifying the
rigidity of the hydraulic cylinder at the design stage.
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VOL. 12, NO. 11, JUNE 2017 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2017 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
For a cylinder with a total length Lc = 2000 mm, Using the fixed - hinge idealization of Figure 4b
and a diameter dv = 25 mm, with the hinged - hinged the value of the critical load is
idealization of Figure-4a, one obtains a critical load using
the classical Euler formula as: Pcrit = 5782.97 kgf
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VOL. 12, NO. 11, JUNE 2017 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2017 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
assuming a rod material with σf = 3600 kgf/cm2, isPcrit= [8] T. Nguyen, K. H. Tan. Oct. 2014. Thermal-induced
1947 kgf From the preceding analysis it is concluded that restraint forces in reinforced concrete columns
the values for the limit forces, recommended by the subjected to eccentric loads. Fire Safety Journal. 69:
industrial manufacturers, are below the limit values
136-146.
obtained by the proposed method. The actual value of the
supported load by this cylinder is about 1.5 times (i.e.
[9] M. R. Sheidaii, R. Bahraminejad. Mar. 2012.
above) the value presently recommended. On the other
hand, those industrial manufacturers that use, in the Evaluation of compression member buckling and
determination of the critical load the fixed-hinged scheme, post-buckling behavior using artificial neural network.
propose values equal to double those obtained by the Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 70: 71-77.
method proposed in the current study. Thus, for those
cylinders the loss of total stability will occur at a value far [10] S.P. Timoshenko. 1983. History of Strength of
below the value of the limit load presently recommended. Materials, Dover, New York, USA.
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