1. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of IQ testing.

Explain the
normal curve as it relates to IQ scores. What is the range of normal and
abnormal IQ scores?

a. A dvantages of IQ testing are- IQ assessments include sub-tests on

various aspects of intelligence.
The Advantages of IQ Testing
Measuring IQ allows one to predict success in a variety of
activities and to measure a person's ability to perform socially
and compete economically. It reveals a person's strengths and
weaknesses and highlights talents people don't know they
have, improving educational and skills development. This type
of testing provides a standardized method of comparing
children's abilities and performance, accurately predicts
scholastic achievement and identifies gifted students. This
allows parents, caregivers and teachers to tailor education to
individual needs. IQ tests are also invaluable tools when
working with handicapped children.

The Disadvantages of IQ Testing

IQ tests have severe limitations because they restrict people's
understanding of intelligence and do not test all situations that
show intelligent behavior. These tests do not consider the
multidimensional nature of intelligence and are not always
accurate in predicting success. Typically, IQ tests measure only
verbal and mathematical abilities despite the fact that
psychologist Howard Gardner identified at least seven types of
intelligence.

The normal curve uses standard deviations to demonstrate the

distribution of IQ scores. 67–68% of people fall in the majority (the
"normal") range of IQ, which is between 70 and 130.

2) Why should parents be concerned about their child’s phonological awareness?

How can parents help their child develop phonological awareness?

Phonological awareness is the child's sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific
to their acquired language(s); studies show that greater phonological awareness
before starting formal education correlates with greater reading and speaking ability
when a child starts formal education.
 By playing with words and sounds in different ways, parents and family members can
support the development of phonological awareness—which, in turn, will one day
help children to read!
 Listen up. Good phonological awareness starts with kids picking
up onsounds, syllables and rhymes in the words they hear. ...
 Focus on rhyming. ...
 Follow the beat. ...
 Get into guesswork. ...
 Carry a tune. ...
 Connect the sounds. ...
 Break apart words. ...
 Get creative with crafts

3) List and explain five bedtime practices that parents can use to condition a child to
sleep in her or his own bed.

https://www.everydayfamily.com/slideshow/6-tips-help-toddler-sleep-
bed/?gdprConsent=1

4) Identify the sociocultural factors that may contribute to child abuse.

cultures which view children as property; cultures which believe that there are no
moral limits regarding the parents' behavior toward the child; general acceptance that
extreme punishment is not abuse

Some of the sociocultural factors that contribute to child abuse are; Poverty, unemployment, violent
communities, social isolation, parental history (cycle of abuse), substance abuse, family factors (single
parent, divorce, domestic violence, marital conflict), financial stress, disabilities of the child, age of the
child, absent father.

5) At what age does prosocial behavior become apparent in children? What are some
of the observable characteristics of prosocial behavior?

Altruistic behavior first appears around 2 or 3 years. Children start to show real
interest in having playmates and helping them if they have a problem or are hurt.
Emotional regulation is strongly correlated with prosocial behavior.

Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Prosocial behavior is
characterized by a concern for the rights, feelings, and welfare of other people.
Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy and concern for
others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.

6) What do longitudinal research studies indicate about the effects of divorce on boys
versus girls? How do ethnicity and age contribute to these outcomes?
National, longitudinal surveys from Great Britain and the United States were used to
investigate the effects of divorce on children. In both studies, a subsample of children
who were in two-parent families during the initial interview (at age 7 in the British data
and at ages 7 to 11 in the U.S. data) were followed through the next interview (at age 11
and ages 11 to 16, respectively). At both time points in the British data, parents and
teachers independently rated the children's behavior problems, and the children were
given reading and mathematics achievement tests. At both time points in the U.S. data,
parents rated the children's behavior problems. Children whose parents divorced or
separated between the two time points were compared to children whose families
remained intact. For boys, the apparent effect of separation or divorce on behavior
problems and achievement at the later time point was sharply reduced by considering
behavior problems, achievement levels, and family difficulties that were present at the
earlier time point, before any of the families had broken up. For girls, the reduction in the
apparent effect of divorce occurred to a lesser but still noticeable extent once preexisting
conditions were considered.

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