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Gram Staining Technique Acid-Fast Technique
Gram Staining Technique Acid-Fast Technique
Gram Staining Technique Acid-Fast Technique
COMPARISON
I. GRAM STAINING TECHNIQUE VS ACID FAST TECHNIQUE in terms of:
Chemical The Gram-negative cell wall is The acid-fast cell wall consists of a
Component of composed of a thin, inner layer of thin, inner layer of peptidoglycan
the Cell Wall peptidoglycan and an linked to a layer of arabinogalactin,
outer membrane consisting of which in turn is linked to an outer
molecules of phospholipids, membrane containing
lipopolysaccharides (LPS), mycolic acids and overlaid with a
lipoproteins and surface proteins. variety of polypeptides and
Chemically, 60 to 90% of the Gram- glycolipids.
positive cell wall is peptidoglycan.
Color Reaction Gram positive cells appear as blue Acid-fast cells appear as red coloured
coloured while gram-negative cells while non-acid-fast cells appear as
appear as red coloured. blue coloured.
REFERENCES:
https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/compare-contrast-gram-stain-acid-fast-stain-chapter-
3-problem-10lo-solution-9780321802996-exc
Dixit, Praveena & Kotra, Lakshmi. (2011). Diseases Caused by Acid-Fast Bacteria. xPharm: The
Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference. 1-5. 10.1016/B978-008055232-3.60888-8.
http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/afcw.html
CHESSIE R. APLOD Microbiology Laboratory W 1:30-4:30 PM
HOW WILL YOU KNOW WHETHER THE ENDOSPORE IS STILL IN THE VEGETATIVE STAGE OR
MATURE STAGE?
Unlike vegetative cells, endospores are very dehydrated structures that are not actively carrying
out metabolism. Their composition makes them resistant to heat, radiation, acids, and many
chemicals. In fact, disinfectants that normally harm or kill vegetative cells cause no harm
to endospores.
ASIDE FROM USING INDIA INK STAIN FOR CAPSULE STAINING, WHAT ARE OTHER STAINS THAT
CAN BE USED? The primary stain can be crystal violet, and all parts of the cell take up the purple
crystal violet stain.
REFERENCES
https://microbeonline.com/bacterial-spores-structure-importance-and-examples-of-spore-
forming-bacteria/
https://microbeonline.com/capsule-stain-principle-procedure-results/
https://www2.hawaii.edu/~johnb/micro/m140/syllabus/week/handouts/m140.6.1.html
Anthony, E. E. Jr. 1931. A note on capsule staining. Science (New Series) 73(1890) :319–320.
Moat, G. A., and J. W. Foster. 1995. Microbial physiology, 3rd ed. Wiley-Liss Inc, New York, NY.