Zastita baze tranzistora 2N3904

Prvo je potrebno pogledati u specifikaciji NPN tranzistora, kolika mu je maksimalna

radna struja Ic pa prema tome izracunati Omovim zakonom potrebnu struju. Navedeni Ic
u specifikaciji je maksimalna struja za operativni rad tranzistora. Primena struje je
optimalno 50-80%.

Rb = Otpornik na bazu tranzistora

hfe – DC Current Gain

hfe = Ic / Ib
Ib = Ic / hfe

12V/90R=133mA

hfe = Ic / Ib
Ib = Ic / hfe
Ib = 0.03 A / 75 Ib = 0.0004 A => 0.4 mA
R1 = U / Ib
R1 = 5V / 0.0004 A
R1 = 12500 Ohm

Let's design for worst case, that is a good practice.

Ic = 133mA
hFE = 30hFE=30 # according to the datasheet minimum 30, typically
much better; @Ic=100mA
You can calculate Ib now:

Ib = Ic / hfe = 133mA / 30 = 4.43mA

VBE,SAT=0.95VBE,SAT=0.95 # datasheet, nearest match is 50mA.

Maximum value, practical value is probably much lower (0.65V)
Now let's calculate the base series resistance. This is equal to the voltage
across the resistor, divided by the current through it. The current through
the resistor is the same as the base current. The voltage across it is the
rail voltage (5V) decreased by the base-to-emitter voltage of the
transistor V(CE,sat).

RB=URbIb=VCC−VBEIB=5−0.954.43/1000=913ΩRB=URbIb=VCC−VBEI
B=5−0.954.43/1000=913Ω
With all the worst case engineering up to here, for once let's just round it up to the nearest
E12 resistor value of 1kΩ (or 820Ω for worst case engineering, it will work with either).
http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/83685/need-help-
calculating-resistance-for-transistor-base

http://kaizerpowerelectronics.dk/calculators/transistor-base-resistor-
calculator/