International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology

© 2017 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 2 | Issue 2 | ISSN : 2456-3307

IOT Based RO Water Monitoring System

Yashwanth P, Sugashini K, Vivek Sridhar S, Visalatchi S
Department of ECE, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT
Reverse osmosis (RO) is proved to be the most reliable, cost effective, and energy efficient in producing fresh water
compared to other desalination technologies. It is the fastest-growing desalination technology with a greater number
of installations around the world. Availability of fresh water has been the main factor of growth of all civilizations.
A key criterion for the RO layout is the specific electricity consumption, which should be as low as possible. That
means that the recovery ratio must be kept as high as possible and the accompanying feed water pressure as low as
possible, fulfilling the drinking water standards as well as the design guidelines of the manufactures.
Keywords: MSP430, TD1000, Single phase motor, UPVC pipe, Energia software, launch pad with cc3200.

I. INTRODUCTION II. METHODS AND MATERIAL

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a process that uses Scope of Reverse Osmosis:

semipermeable spiral wound membranes to separate
and remove dissolved solids, organic, pyrogens,
submicron colloidal matter, color, nitrate and bacteria
from water. Feed water is delivered under pressure
through the semi permeable membrane, where water
permeates the minute pores of the membrane and is
delivered as purified water called permeate water.
Impurities in the water are concentrated in the reject
stream and flushed to the drain is called reject water.
These membranes are semi-permeable and reject the
salt ions while letting the water molecules pass. The
materials used for RO membranes are made of
cellulose acetate, polyamides and other polymers. The
membrane consists of hollow-fiber, spiral-wound used
for treatment; depend on the feed water composition
and the operation parameters of the plant. Reverse
Osmosis (RO) is a membrane based process technology
used for desalination. Membrane-based seawater
desalination and wastewater reuse are widely
considered as promising solutions to augment water
supply and alleviate water scarcity (S. Lee et al., 2010).
The most common membrane processes used are the
reverse osmosis (RO) and the electro dialysis (ED)
used for brackish water desalination, but only RO
competes with distillation processes in seawater
desalination (Kalogirou, 2005).
The process has also been applied to treat municipal
wastewater. Since conventional municipal treatment
processes do not remove dissolved solids, but RO
process is used for the removal of dissolved solids. RO
is increasingly used as a separation technique in
chemical and environmental engineering for the
removal of organics and organic pollutants present in
wastewater. It is seen from literature review that
Reverse Osmosis (RO) processes have been widely
used for separation and concentration (recovery) of
solutes in many fields. The use of RO in the treatment
of various effluents of chemical (Bodalo-Santoyo et
al.,2004; BodaloSantoyo et al., 2003), petrochemical,
electrochemical, food, paper and tanning industries as
well as in the treatment of municipal waste waters have
been reported in the literature and were studied by
many researcher (Schutte et al., 2003). Removal of
organic contaminants by RO processes was first
demonstrated by Chian et al. (1975). The presence of
individual contaminants can cause problems, hence the
removal of individual contaminants by RO has been
studied by very few researchers (Murthy et al., 1999;
Moresi et al., 2002; Arsuaga et al., 2006). Murthy and
Choudhari (2008) studied the paper on “Treatment of
Distillery Spent Wash where UF and RO membranes
used for purification of the wastewater by removing the
colour and the contaminants. A number of

CSEIT172263 | Received : 10 March 2017 | Accepted : 21 March 2017 | March-April-2017 [(2)2: 281-283] 281
studies(Kimura et al.,2003; Bellona et al., 2004; Xu et ranges from 17 to 27 bar for brackish water, and from
al.,2005) have been reported on the application of RO 52 to 69 bar for seawater.
for the removal of Organics such as endocrine
disrupting chemicals, plastic additives, pesticides,
pharmaceutically active compounds (PhaC’s), benzene
and toluene. Cellulose acetate and polyamide
membrane has good salt rejection for inorganic salts
like NaCl, Na2SO4 - . However, for organics, the
rejection is reported to be lower and varies widely in
the range of 0.3-0.96 (Pozderivic et al., 2006;
Senthilmurugan and Gupta, (2006). RO process
removes fluoride proportionately, if TDS is at tolerable
level and fluoride content is high then one can use
special alum-resin filter, works under gravitational
force. (Krishnan S. et al., 2005).
Reverse Osmosis Process Description: The water flow sensor consists of a plastic valve body,
The RO process is simple in design consisting of feed, a water rotor and a hall-effect sensor. When the water
permeate and reject stream. For feed water it is flows through the rotor, rotor rolls and the speed of it
necessary to provide pretreatment in order to remove changes with a different rate of flow. The hall-effect
inorganic solids and suspended solid and using high sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal.
pressure pump given feed through semi permeable
membrane. Depending upon the permeate where it is III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
used necessary post treatment is given. A schematic
diagram of the RO process is shown figure 1. Reclamation of wastewater and sensing the water
A schematic diagram of the RO process is shown figure flow
1. Figure1. Schematic Diagram of the RO Process

Reverse Osmosis Requisites:

An RO desalination plant essentially consists of four
major systems: (a) Pretreatment system, (b) High
pressure pumps, (c) Membrane systems, and (d) Post-
treatment. Pre-treatment system is provided to remove
all suspended solids so that salt precipitation or
microbial growth does not occur on the membranes.
Pre-treatment may involve conventional methods like a
chemical feed followed by coagulation/
flocculation/sedimentation, and sand filtration or
membrane processes i.e micro filtration (MF) and ultra-
filtration (UF). High-pressure pumps supply the
pressure needed to enable the water to pass through the
membrane and have the salt rejected. The pressure
• From the above block diagram, initially the raw
water is stored in the tank.
• The next process is carried out for 20mins by
adding germicide to the raw water.
• The water from the germicide process is step in to
the sand filter method where the sand, bubbles are
arranged in the tank.
• We know that sand is the best purifier of water
• Carbon filter is used to remove the smell from the
water and charcoal make it odour less.

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• The water is then passed to the 5micron filter with
high pressure by using motor.
• The RO membrane has 0.0001nano fibers; it
removes fine dust particles when the hard water is
passed into the RO membrane with high force.
• Then the soft water is stored in the tank and it is
ready to use.
IV.FUTURE SCOPE
RO provides a cost-effective solution that has the
potential to improve the lives of people drinking water
with high levels of contaminants. Overall, the
membrane field has advanced immensely. Being
economical, environmentally friendly, versatile, and
easy to use, membranes are a leading choice for water
purification applications and should continue to be for
many years to come. This type of device will be used in
the petrochemical industry, with very different
membranes, for dehydrogenation processes or the
partial oxidation of methane. Such applications could
be much more important, but the development of
suitable membranes poses a number of very
challenging technical problems.
In SWRO (Sea water Reverse osmosis) unit, the
operating conditions and performance of the HFF
SWRO unit which received the NF product as feed.
The SWRO unit consists of two vessel units, which are
connected in series. During the test period, the
operating pressure was maintained at 60 Kg/cm2 and
the temperature ranged from 23 to 34 o C. The average
Volume 2 | Issue 2 | March-April-2017 | www.ijsrcseit.com
permeates recovery of the first and second vessels were
around 30 and 21 percent respectively and the overall
recovery of the integrated SWRO system was about
45%. Chemical analysis revealed that the majority of
the hardness ions and other dissolved salts were
concentrated in the brine reject. The study revealed that
an increase of top Brine Temperature from 1000 C to
130 o C produces 48% increase in water production.
(Hamed, 2005).
V. CONCLUSION
The project carried out by us made an impressing task
in the field of water purification method. This project
has also reduced the cost involved in the concern.
Project has been designed to perform the entire
requirement task which has also been provided.
VI. REFERENCES
[1]. Garud.R.M.,Kore S.V., Kore.V.S.,
Kulkarni,G.S., (2011) A short review on process
and applications of reverse osmosis., Universal
Journal of Environmental Research and
Technology, Volume 1, Issue 3:233-238
[2]. Chian,E., Bruce,W.,Fang,H., (1975);"Removal of
pesticides by Reverse Osmosis", Environmental
Science and Technology,9,364.
[3]. Moresi,M., B. Ceccantoni and S.Lo Presti,
(2002), Modelling of ammonium fumarate
recovery from model solutions by nanofiltration
and reverse osmosis, Journal of Membrane
Science,209:405- 420.
[4]. Arsuaga,J.M.,M.J.Lopez Munoz, A.Sotto and
G.del Rosario,(2006), Retention of phenols and
carboxylic acids by nanofiltration/ reverse
osmosis membranes: Sieving and membrane
solute interaction effects, Desalination,731-733
[5]. Murthy, G.V.P., and Choudhuri,L.B.,(2009),
Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash by combined
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