VENTILASI TAMBANG

(HTKB631)

DOSEN:
RISWAN, S.T., M.T.
KARINA SHELLA PUTRI, S.T., M.T.

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
BANJARBARU
PENGENDALIAN KUANTITAS UDARA
TAMBANG
MINGGU KE-6 S/D KE-7
 FORMULA

COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION (f) FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP

 LAMINAR FLOW  LAMINAR

16 8𝜇𝐿
𝑓= 𝑅𝐿 = (𝑳𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒓 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆)
𝑁𝑅𝑒 𝜋𝑟 4
SMOOTH PIPE TURBULENT CURVE 8𝜇𝑢𝐿
𝐹12 =
(3000 ≤ 𝑁𝑅𝑒 ≤ 105) 𝜌𝑟 2
0,0791  TURBULENT
𝑓=
𝑁𝑅𝑒 0,25 𝑓𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝜋𝑑 (𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆)
𝑅𝑇 = (𝑤𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟)
 ROUGH PIPES 2𝐴3
−2
𝑒Τ𝑑 4𝑓𝐿𝑢2
𝑓 = 4 log10 𝐹12 =
3,7 2𝑑

e = height of roughness (m) L = length (m) u = velocity (m/s)

d = diameter (m) µ = viscosity (Ns/m2) A = area (m2)
r = radius (m) ρ = density (kg/m3)
STUDI KASUS
PERUBAHAN ENERGI DI DALAM ALIRAN FLUIDA, PRINSIP PENGALIRAN
SERTA KEBUTUHAN UDARA TAMBANG
 FLUID → WATER (LAMINAR)

A PIPE OF DIAMETER 2cm RISES THROUGH A VERTICAL DISTANCE OF 5m

OVER THE TOTAL PIPE LENGTH OF 2.000m. WATER OF MEAN
TEMPERATURE 15oC FLOWS UP THE TUBE TO EXIT AT ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE OF 100kPa. IF THE REQUAIRED FLOWRATE IS 1,6 LITRES PER
MINUTE, FIND:
(I) THE RESISTENCE OF THE PIPE, R
(II) THE WORK DONE AGAINST FRICTION, F12 (J/kg)
(III) THE HEAD OF WATER THAT MUST BE APPLIED AT THE PIPE ENTRANCE,
h (m of water)
 FLUID → WATER (LAMINAR)

SOLUSI – KONVERSI SATUAN

0,02 m

A PIPE OF DIAMETER 2cm RISES THROUGH A VERTICAL DISTANCE OF 5m

OVER THE TOTAL PIPE LENGTH OF 2.000m. WATER OF MEAN
TEMPERATURE 15oC FLOWS UP THE TUBE TO EXIT AT ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE OF 100kPa. THE REQUAIRED FLOWRATE IS 1,6 LITRES PER
MINUTE

1 x 105 Pa 2,67 x 10-5 m3/s

z2

ILUSTRASI 5m
z1
 FLUID → WATER (LAMINAR)
kecepatan
rapat SOLUSI – BILANGAN
aliran
massa REYNOLD (Re)
𝜌𝑢𝑑 diameter saluran
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
viskositas
fluida 𝑄 2,67 × 10−5
𝑢= = = 0,085 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝐴 3,14 × 10−4

1000 × 0,085 × 0,02 1 2 1

𝜋𝑑 = × 𝜋 × 0,022
𝑅𝑒 = −3
= 1491 4 4
1,138 × 10
𝜇𝑎𝑖𝑟 =
64,72
− 0,2455 × 10−3 JENIS ALIRAN =
𝑇 + 31,766
64,72
LAMINAR
=
15 + 31,766
− 0,2455 × 10−3 Re < 2000
 FLUID → WATER (LAMINAR)
viskositas
SOLUSI 1 – RESISTANSI
fluida
LAMINAR (RL)
8𝜇𝐿 panjang saluran
𝑅𝐿 = 4
𝜋𝑟
jari-jari
saluran
Ns/m2
m
8 × (1,138 × 10−3 ) × 2000 6
𝑁𝑠
𝑅𝐿 = 4
= 580 × 10 5
𝜋 × 0,01 𝑚

m4
 FLUID → WATER (LAMINAR)
viskositas kecepatan
SOLUSI 2 – USAHA
fluida aliran
TERHADAP GESEKAN (F12)
8𝜇𝑢𝐿 panjang saluran
𝐹12 =
𝜌𝑟 2
jari-jari
rapat massa saluran
m/s

Ns/m2 m
8 × (1,138 × 10−3 ) × 0,085 × 2000 𝑁𝑚 𝐽
𝐹12 = 2
= 15,46
1000 × 0,01 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
kg/m3 m2
 FLUID → WATER (LAMINAR)
(kecepatan tidak berubah)
𝑢1 = 𝑢2 SOLUSI 3 – HEAD TOTAL
perubahan elevasi
pada air pemompaan
𝑢1 2 − 𝑢2 2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝑁𝑚 𝑚2
+ 𝑍1 − 𝑍2 𝑔 + − 𝐹12 = 0 = 2
2 𝜌 𝑘𝑔 𝑠
perubahan tekanan
HEAD merupakan ENERGI yang dibutuhkan
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝐹12 suatu aliran fluida dengan asumsi MASSA
= + 𝑍2 − 𝑍1 fluida dan PERCEPATAN GRAVITASI bersifat
𝜌𝑔 𝑔 KONSTAN
2
𝑚
15,46 ൗ 2
ℎ𝑠 ℎ𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = ℎ𝑙 + ℎ𝑧 = 𝑠 + 5 𝑚 = 6,58 meter air
𝑚
9,8 ൗ 2
𝑠
 FLUID → AIR (TURBULENT)

A VERTICAL SHAFT IS 400 m DEEP, 5 m DIAMETER AND HAS WALL ROUGHENINGS

OF HEIGHT 5 mm. AN AIRFLOW OF 150 m3/s PASSES AT A MEAN DENSITY OF 1.2
kg/m3. TAKING THE MEAN TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR TO BE 20oC AND IGNORING
CHANGES IN KINETIC ENERGY, DETERMINE:
I. THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION, f
II. THE TURBULENT RESISTANCE, RT (m-4)
III. THE WORK DONE AGAINST FRICTION, F12 (J/kg)
IV. THE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AT THE SHAFT
BOTTOM IF THE SHAFT TOP PRESSURE IS 100 kPa.
z1

ILUSTRASI 400 m

z2
 FLUID → AIR (TURBULENT)
kecepatan
rapat SOLUSI – BILANGAN
aliran
massa REYNOLD (Re)
𝜌𝑢𝑑 diameter saluran
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
viskositas
fluida 𝑢=
𝑄
=
150
= 7,64 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝐴 19,63

1,2 × 7,64 × 5 6
1 2 1
𝜋𝑑 = × 𝜋 × 52
𝑅𝑒 = = 2,56 × 10 4 4
17,9 × 10−6
𝜇𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑎 = 17,0 + 0,045𝑇 × 10−6 JENIS ALIRAN =
= 17,0 + 0,045 ∙ 20 × 10−6
TURBULEN
Re > 4000
 FLUID → AIR (TURBULENT)
SOLUSI 1 – KOEFISIEN
tingkat
kekasaran
GESEK (f)
−2
𝑒 Τ𝑑 diameter saluran
𝑓 = 4 log10
3,7
Konversi SI dari 5 mm
−3 Τ −2
5 × 10 5
𝑓 = 4 log10
3,7
𝑓 = 4,91 × 10−3
 FLUID → AIR (TURBULENT)

koefisien panjang SOLUSI 2 – RESISTANSI

gesek saluran LAMINAR (RT)

𝑓𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝜋𝑑
𝑅𝑇 =
2𝐴3
luas saluran m
m
4,91 × 10−3 × 400 × 𝜋 × 5 −3 −4
𝑅𝑇 = = 2,036 × 10 m
2 × 19,63 3

(m2)3
 FLUID → AIR (TURBULENT)

tingkat panjang SOLUSI 3 – USAHA

kekasaran saluran TERHADAP GESEKAN (F12)

4𝑓𝐿𝑢2
𝐹12 = kecepatan aliran
2𝑑
diameter
m
saluran
(m/s)2
4 × 4,91 × 10−3 × 400 × 7,642 m2
𝐹12 = = 45,86 2
2×5 s
m
 FLUID → AIR (TURBULENT)
perubahan SOLUSI 4 – TEKANAN PADA
perubahan elevasi tekanan
pada ventilasi TBT SHAFT BOTTOM (P2)
𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝑍1 − 𝑍2 𝑔 + − 𝐹12 = 0
𝜌
P2 = 1,0465 Pa =
𝑃2 − 𝑃1
= 𝑍1 − 𝑍2 𝑔 + 𝐹12 104,65 kPa
𝜌
𝑃2 = 𝑍1 − 𝑍2 𝑔 − 𝐹12 × 𝜌 + 𝑃1

𝑁 𝑘𝑔
m m2/s2 𝑃𝑎 = 2 =
𝑚 𝑚 ∙ 𝑠2

𝑃2 = 400 9,8 − 45,86 × 1,2 + 1 × 105

m/s2 kg/m3
TUGAS INDIVIDU
SELESAIKAN STUDI KASUS DENGAN MENJABARKAN PROSES SOLUSI
 TUGAS INDIVIDU

SUATU DUCT VENTILASI BERDIAMETER 610 mm SEPANJANG 2000 m

DENGAN JARAK VERTIKAL 5 m. VOLUME UDARA DI SUPLAI
SEBANYAK 80.000 kL (1 SHIFT = 7 JAM) DENGAN SUHU RATA-RATA
UDARA 25 OC DAN MASSA JENIS UDARA 1,2 kg/m3. HITUNGLAH:
 KOEFISIEN GESEK, f
 RESISTANSI, R
 USAHA ATAS GESEK, F12
 TEKANAN BAROMETER PADA ELEVASI TERENDAH DUCT JIKA
TEKANAN PADA ELEVASI TERTINGGI DUCT ADALAH 100 kPa