Flashing and cavitation does not occur in gases, but vibration, caused by choked flow, can develop as the

gas reaches sonic velocity. 

Control valve vibration may be caused by many factors, some generated internally by the process
stream and others generated externally. Some of the different forms of flow-induced vibration are
explained below.

Process Stream Energy Release. A flowing process contains considerable energy, a portion of which is
released during its journey through a valve. The released energy takes the form of fluid turbulence,
viscous drag, generated noise flow instabilities, and other forms of released energy. The released energy
also interacts with the valve trim and may cause noticeable vibration.

Upstream Equipment Pulsations. Compressors, pumps, and other upstream equipment generate

mechanical vibration and pressure pulsations that interact with other process equipment and piping in
the system. This vibration energy is efficiently carried downstream by the piping system. In addition,
pipe configurations such as elbows and tees upstream of the valve can create swirling flows and
introduce turbulence, which may affect the valve.

Pipeline Resonance. Pipelines with long runs between supports can resonate at the first or second
bending mode of the system, vibrating up and down in a “U” or “S” shape. Higher-order pipe natural
modes (radial and circumferential) may also be excited. These natural modes can be excited by other
vibration sources, causing vibration levels to build up and affect process equipment and the supporting
structure.

Support Structure Vibration. Some form of vibration is always present in a running plant, but normally,
it is not severe enough to be problematic. However, if the support floor resonates in tune with this
vibration, the vibration amplitude can increase to the point where it may become destructive.

Acoustic Noise Creation. Very high sound power levels can release enough energy to create serious
valve vibration and, in extreme cases, cause metal fatigue.