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LN3 1718 PDF
LN3 1718 PDF
LN3 1718 PDF
Momentum
& Impulse
Conservation
Momentum
of Linear
& Impulse
Momentum
Elastic Inelastic
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
J p
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
Linear Momentum
The product between mass and velocity, 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣
Vector quantity; Unit: kg m s-2
py
p p x p cos θ mv cos θ
p y p sin θ mv sin θ
px
3.1: MOMENTUM & IMPULSE
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
Both are hard to stop. Charging elephant has great mass, single
bullet has high velocity
30 1
py p sin 60 sin 30 30 kg ms
px
3.1: MOMENTUM & IMPULSE
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
pg
p px p y
2 2
4.40 7.30
2 2
y
p
p 8.52 kg m s 1
px
1 7.30
tan
4.40
58.9
3.1: MOMENTUM & IMPULSE
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
Impulse, 𝑱 WHEN?
Impulsive
Change in momentum, J p p f pi force
J Ft p mv mu
• vector quantity
Unit: Impulse • direction is the same as the
N s or kg m s1 constant force on the object
Figure 3.2 t
0 t1 t2
Shaded area under the Ft graph = impulse
Solution :
a. From the equation of impulse that the force is constant,
J dp p2 p1
J m1 v1 u1
J 0.20 70 100
J 34 N s
Therefore the magnitude of the impulse is 34 N s.
F kN
18
Figure 3.3
An estimated force-time curve for a tennis ball of mass 60.0 g struck by a
racket is shown in Figure 3.3. Determine
(a) the impulse delivered to the ball,
(b) the speed of the ball after being struck, assuming the ball is being served
so it is nearly at rest initially.
Solution : m 60.0 10 3 kg
a. From the force-time graph,
J area under the F t graph
1
3
J 1.8 0.2 10 18 10
2
3
J 14.4 N s
u0
b. Given the ball’s initial speed,
J dp mv u
14.4 60.0 10 3
v 0
v 240 m s 1
Exercise 3.1:
1. A steel ball with mass 40.0 g is dropped from a height of 2.00
m onto a horizontal steel slab. The ball rebounds to a height
of 1.60 m.
a. Calculate the impulse delivered to the ball during impact.
b. If the ball is in contact with the slab for 2.00 ms, determine
the average force on the ball during impact.
ANS. : 0.47 N s; 237. 1 N
2. A golf ball (m = 46.0 g) is struck with a force that makes an
angle of 45 with the horizontal. The ball lands 200 m away on
a flat fairway. If the golf club and ball are in contact for 7.00
ms, calculate the average force of impact. (neglect the air
resistance.)
ANS. : 293 N
3.
Figure 3.4
A tennis ball of mass, m = 0.060 kg and a speed, v = 28
m s1 strikes a wall at a 45 angle and rebounds with the
same speed at 45 as shown in Figure 3.4. Calculate the
impulse given by the wall.
ANS. : 2.4 N s to the left or 2.4 N s
p mv
J Ft p mv mu
m( v u )
J area under
F - t graph
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
3.2 CONSERVATION of
LINEAR MOMENTUM
(a) State the principle of conservation of linear
momentum
(b) State the conditions for elastic and inelastic
collisions
(c) Apply the principle of conservation of linear
momentum in the elastic and inelastic collisions
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
50
m1 v1
Before collision After collision
A tennis ball of mass m1 moving with initial velocity u1 collides
with a soccer ball of mass m2 initially at rest. After the collision,
the tennis ball is deflected 50 from its initial direction with a
velocity v1 as shown in figure above. Suppose that m1 = 250 g,
m2 = 900 g, u1 = 20 m s1 and v1 = 4 m s1. Calculate the
magnitude and direction of soccer ball after the collision.
piy p fy
0 m1v1 y m2 v2 y
0 0.250 4 sin 50 0.900v2 y
v2 y 0.851 m s 1
Magnitude of the soccer ball,
v2 v2 x 2 v2 y 2
v2 4.84 0.851
2 2
4.91 m s 1
Direction of the soccer ball, y
1
v2 y 0.851
θ 2 tan tan
1
v
4.84 9.97
2 x
v
θ 2 9.97 x
Before
0.630 m s-1 1.40 m s-1
After
Figure 3.7
In Figure 3.7 show a 3.50 g bullet is fired horizontally at two blocks at
rest on a frictionless tabletop. The bullet passes through the first
block, with mass 1.20 kg, and embeds itself in the second block,
with mass 1.80 kg. Speeds of 0.630 m s1 and 1.40 m s-1,
respectively, are thereby given to the blocks. Neglecting the mass
removed from the first block by the bullet, determine
a. the speed of the bullet immediately after it emerges from
the first block and
b. the initial speed of the bullet.
ANS. : 721 m s1; 937.4 m s1
Figure 3.8
Collision
Elastic Inelastic
m1u1 m2 u 2
Before collision 1 2
m1v1 m2 v 2
After collision 1 2
1 1 1 1
m1u1 m2 u 2 m1v1 m2 v22
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3.2: CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
Inelastic (non-elastic) collision
m1u1 u2 0
Before collision 1 2 Simulation 3.3
m2
Caution
At collision 1 2 • Not all the inelastic collision is
stick together.
• In fact, inelastic collisions
include many situations in
which the bodies do not stick.
After collision v
1 2
(stick together)
Case study 1:
Case study 2:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
2
2 2 2
0.500 3 m 3 0 m v
2 2
2 22 2
m2 v2 9m2 4.5 (2)
Solve (1) and (2):
m2 0.167 kg
3.2: CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
v1 ' 5.05 m s 1
b. The initial and final velocities of the floor during the
collision are zero.
The initial total kinetic energy of the system just before
collision is
1 1
K initial m1u1 m1u2
2
2
2
2
1 1
m1v1 0 0.3 6.26 5.88 J
2 2
2 2
3.2: CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM
Chapter --- Momentum & Impulse
b. The final total kinetic energy of the system just after
collision is
1 1
final 2 1 1 2 1 2
K m v 2
m v 2
1
m1 v1 ' 0
2
2
1
0.3 5.05
2
2
3.83 J
Since
Kinitial Kfinal
Therefore the collision between ball and floor is inelastic
THE END…
Next Chapter…
CHAPTER 4:
FORCES