Design of Pile Foundation A Project Repo

DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
SWETHA.R (110113103050)
SYEDALIZAMRUTH.N (110113103052)
VENKAT.P (110113103058)
SONIYASEVI.V (110113103501)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AVADI IAF, CHENNAI -55
ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025
October 2016
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
SWETHA.R (110113103050)
SYEDALIZAMRUTH.N (110113103052)
VENKAT.P (110113103058)
SONIYASEVI.V (110113103501)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AVADI IAF, CHENNAI -55
ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025
October 2016
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
BONOFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this design report “DESIGN OF PILE

FOUNDATION” is the bonofide work of “SWETHA.R (110113103050),
SYEDALI ZAMRUTH.N (110113103052), VENKAT.P (110113103058),
SONIYA SEVI.V(110113103501)”, who carried out their design project work
under my supervision.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr. K. JAYAGANESH. M.E, Ph.d Mr.R.MAGESH.M.E,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Asst.Professor Asst.Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
Aalim Muhammed Salegh Aalim Muhammed Salegh
College of Engineering, College of Engineering,
Muthapudupet, Avadi IAF, Muthapudupet, Avadi IAF,
Chennai-600 055. Chennai-600 055.
Submitted for the viva voce held on ………………

ABSTRACT
The pile foundation is the substructure which is located below the ground level.
The super imposed load is transferred to the pile foundation through the columns.
It is provided for the saturated soil condition and heavy settling propertied soil.
The pile foundation plays a vital role in heavy industrial buildings. The pile
foundation is located, where the water table is high.
To design the pile foundation considering the live load, spacing of pile by referring
the code book IS456-2000 (plain and reinforced concrete) and IS 6403-1981
(determination of safe bearing capacity of soil for deep foundation) and using this
software as STADD Pro and STADD Foundation
For this design M 25 Grade concrete and Fe 415 HYSD Bars (High yield strength
deformed bars) are used.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We gratefully acknowledge our sincere thanks to our Chairman Alhaj Dr.

S. M. Shaik Nurddin, Founder & Chairman for giving the opportunity to study
in this organization. We wish to express our gratitude to our Secretary &
Correspondent Alhaj S.Segu Jamaludeen for granting us permission to
complete our design project successfully.
We would also like to thank our principal, Prof.Dr.M.Afzal Ali Baig,

Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, for his support and guidance.
We express our sincere gratitude to Mr.K.Jayaganesh, M.E, Phd, Asst.Professor
and Head of the Department, Department of Civil Engineering. Aalim Muhammed
Salegh College of Engineering, for his constant help and valuable encouragement
given to us for completing this Design project on time.
Our heartful thanks to our Design Project Guide Mr.R.Magesh,

M.E,Asst.Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh
College of Engineering for helping us with the required technical support and for
his valuable contribution and commitment in solving the various problems faced
during the execution of project.
We all thank all the Faculty members of the Department of Civil

Engineering and also our heartful gratitude to our parents and friends for their
cooperation to make this Design Project a success. Above all we thank the
Almighty, for his countless blessings and hidden assistance rendered upon us.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF SYMBOLS vii
1 INDRODUCTION 1
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 TYPES OF FOUNDATION 1
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
3 METHODOLOGY 5
4 PILE FOUNDATION 6
4.1 PILE FOUNDATION 6

4.2 TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION 6
4.3 TERMINOLOGY 7
4.4 DESIGN METHODS IN PILE FOUNDATION 8
4.5 STATIC FORMULA METHOD 9
5 DESIGN CALCULATION
5.1 SITE SELECTION 12
5.2 MANUAL CALCULATION FOR BUILDING 12
iii
5.3 STAAD PRO ANALYSIS 14
6 DESIGN OF PILE CAP
6.1 MANUAL CALCULATION FOR PILE CAP 17
6.2 ANALYSIS OF PILE IN STAAD FOUNDATION 19
6.3 PILE CAP REINFORCEMENT 55
7 COMPARISION OF RESULTS 56
AND CONCLUSION
iv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO TABLE NAME PAGE NO
1 Input data for STAAD Pro 5
2 Input data for STAAD foundation 16
3 Comparison of results 56
v
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO
1 3D- 6 FLOOR FRAMED STRUCTURE 12

2 WHOLE STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING 13
3 DISPLACEMENT OF THE BUILDING 13
4 3D STRESS VIEW OF COLUMN 14
5 PILE CAP REINFORCEMENT 52
vi
LIST OF SYMBOLS
A - Area of footing in cm2
A' - Effective area of footing in cm2
B - Width of strip footing, width of footing, Side square footing, diameter of
circular footing in cm
B' - Effective width of footing in cm
b - Half of B
c - Cohesion in kgf/cm2
c1 - Undrained cohesion of the top layer in kgf/cm2
C2 - Undrained cohesion of the lower clay layer in kgf/c
Df - Depth of foundation in cm
Dw - Depth to water table in cm
d - Depth of top clay layer with undrained cohesion c1
de, dq - Depth factors
e - Eccentricity of loading in cm
en - Eccentricity or loading along the width in cm
eL - Eccentricity of loading along the length in cm
H - Horizontal component of loading in kgf
vii
ie, iq - Inclination factor
Kd - Depth factor (varies linearly from 1 for
(depth Dt - 0 to 1.33 for depth Dt - B)
L - Length of footing in cm
L' - Effective length of footing in cm
N - Corrected standard penetration value.
Ne, N'e, Nq, N'q, N - Bearing capacity factor.
q - Effective surcharge at the base level of foundation in kgf/cm2
qn - Net soil pressure for a specified settlement of 25 mm in kgf/cm2
qd - Static cone penetration resistance in kgf/cm2
fd - Net ultimate bearing capacity based on general shear failure in kgf/cm2
q'd - Net ultimate bearing capacity based on local shear failure in kgf/cm2
R - Relative density of soil
W' - Correction factor for location of water table
Sa, Sq - Shape factors
α - Inclination of the load to the vertical in degrees
φ - Angle of shearing resistance of soil in degrees
γ - Bulk unit weight of foundation soil kgf/cm3
viii
CHEPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERALS
FOUNDATION: Foundation is a substructure which is always in contact with soil

to transfer super imposed load safely to the soil, so that the soil should not fail in
shear as well as soil should not fail in excessive settlement.
FOOTING: A footing is the bottom most portion of the foundation which is
always contact with soil to transfer super imposed load safely to the soil.
1.2 TYPES OF FOUNDATION:

O Shallow foundation
O Deep foundation
SHALLOW FOUNDATION:
A Foundation is shallow if its depth is less than or equal to the width.
Df ≤ Bf
The shallow foundations are of the following types,
1. Strip footing
2. Combined footing
3. Spread footing
4. Raft/mat foundation
5. Strap footing
DEEP FOUNDATION:
A Foundation is deep if its depth is greater than the width.
Df > Bf
1
The deep foundations are of the following,
o Well foundation
o Caisson foundation
o Pile foundation
NEED FOR STUDY
If the soil is in the loosest state, the given load is cannot transferred to the hard
soil. Such cases pile foundation is need to transfer the load to the hard strata.
OBJECTIVES
 To design the pile foundation.

 To Analysis the pile foundation.
2
CHAPTER- 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
STAMANTE.M AND GIANESELLI.L (1982): The design analysis according

to the unified method indicate that the maximum load( sustained load plus drag
load) is well within acceptable limits for the pile structural strength and that the
expected settlement of the piled foundations will be smaller than the assigned limit
of 25mm. Therefore, the performed tests prove that the project piles can be
constructed to bearing in the glacial till and do not need to be taken onto or into the
bedrock.
H.FELLELIUS AND OCHOA.M (2009): Design for a large refinery expansion

was undertaken at a site reclaimed from a lake 40 years ago. The natural soil
consist of sand deposited on normally consolidated, compressible post glacial
lacustrine clay followed by silty clay till on limestone bedrock found at about 25m
to 30m depth below existing grade. The site will be raised an additional 1.5m ,
which will cause long term settlement .Some of the new units are 30m to70m in
height and will be supported on piles several thousand in all. In anticipating
negative skin friction to develop , the initial design called for subtracting the drag
load from the allowable load determined from the pile capacity. Initial design also
expected the piles to be constructed to bed rock. However a review of the design
made clear that a drag load is a problem for the axial structural strength of a pile
and should not be subtracted from an allowable load based on bearing capacity.
Moreover analysis of the results of full scale static and dynamic loading tests
demonstrated that it was not necessary to reach bedrock, but the pile would
develop adequate capacity in the clay with till and they would not experience
3
excessive down drag duo to settling clay. The final revised design resulted in a
saving of close to 25 million dollars and considerable construction time . the piles
selected for the foundation were 457mm(18”)diameter bored piles installed to
about 1.5m into the glacial till. The paper presents site conditions, test results, and
the design principles employed.
UK NATH AND PJ HAZARIKA(2005): The pile foundation resist not only the
loads from the superstructure but also large lateral forces from other sources. The
pile cap is a crucial structural element in a pile foundation that is often massive and
deeply buried and design to provide significant resistance under the lateral loads. A
comprehensive manual study of pile cap under lateral load is presented. The
parametric study of pile – soil-cap interaction under lateral loads is performed
different pile groups. This study shows that the pile cap contributes approximately
good amount of lateral resistance.
4
CHAPTER - 3
METHODOLOGY
SITE SELECTION
COLLECTION OF SOIL DETAILS
LOAD CALCULATION
COLUMN PROVITION
PILE CAP DESIGN
MANUAL STADD FOUNDATION

DESIGN DESIGN
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
5
CHAPTER – 4
PILE FOUNDATION
4.1 PILE FOUNDATION

A Pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong material such as concrete that is
pushed into the ground to act as a steady support for structures built on top of it.
Where it is placed?
The pile may be placed separately or they may be placed in the form of cluster
throughout the length of the wall.
Where it is adopted?
Piles are adopted when the loose soil extended to a great depth. The load of the
structure is transmitted through piles to hard stratum below or it is resisted by
friction developed on the sided of the piles.
4.2 TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION
PILES BASED ON THEIR FUNCTION
 End bearing piles
 Friction piles
 Compaction piles
 Anchor piles
 Sheet pile
6
 Uplift piles
 Batter pile
 Fender pile
 Dolphin pile
BASED ON MATERIAL:
 Concrete pile
1. Cast insitu cement concrete pile
2. Precast cement concrete pile
3. Prestressed cement concrete pile
 Steel pile
 Cast iron pile
 Timber pile
 Composite pile
 Sand pile
EFFECT OF INSTALLATION
 Displacement piles
 Non displacement piles
4.3 TERMINOLOGY:
NET LOADING INTENSITY:

The net loading intensity on the foundation is the gross intensity of loading
minus the weight of displaced soil above the foundation base.
ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY: The minimum cross pressure intensity
7
acting on the base of the footing on which a soil fails in shear.
SAFE BEARING CAPACITY: Maximum intensity of loading that the
foundation will safely carry without the risk of shear failure of soil irrespective of
any settlement that may occur.
SAFE BEARING PRESSURE OR NET SOIL PRESSURE FOR SPECIFIED
SETTLEMENT:
The intensity of loading that will cause a permissible settlement or specified
settlement of the structure.
ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY:
The net intensity of loading which the foundation will carry without
undergoing settlement in excess or the permissible value for the structure under
consideration but not exceeding net safe bearing capacity.
4.4 DESIGN METHODS IN PILE FOUNDATION
 Static formula method

 Dynamic formula method
 Pile load test method
 Cone penetration method
8
4.5 STATIC FORMULA METHOD:
Qu = Qb + Qf
Qb = qb × Ab
qb = CNc + 0.3γBNγ + σ’Nq ; σ’ = γL
(B is very small. So Neglected)
qb = C + σ’Nq
Ab = πd2/4
Qf = (αC + σ tan 𝛿) πdl
For sandy soil, C=0,
QU = γLNq × πd2/4 + KγL/ 2 tan 𝛿 × πdl
9
For clay soil, φ = 0
Nq = 1; Nc = 9 ( Skempton’s theory )
For concrete pile, 𝛿 = 3/4 φ (𝛿 =0)
QU = 9C × πd2/4 + αC πdl
10
CHAPTER -5
DESIGN CALCULATION
5.1 SITE SELECTION
The Sandy soil present in coast (sea area) such as thiruvanmayur,

kottivakkam, santhomes, George town, Tondiarpet.
Soil details are collected from “PRINCE CONSTRUCTIONS” in

Tondiarpet.
5.2 MANUAL CALCULATION FOR BUILDING
Live load = 3 kN/ m
Self weight of beam = 0.3× 0.25 × 1 × 25 = 1.875 kN/ m
Self weight of column = 0.45 × 0.35 × 1 × 25 = 3.94 kN/ m
Self weight of slab = 1 × 1 × 0.15 × 25 = 3.75 kN/ m
Self weight of waist slab = 0.195 × 1 × 1 × 25 = 4.875 kN/ m
Self weight of staircase = 0.15 × 0.25 × 1 × 25 / 2
Load on stair per meter = 0.469/ 0.25 = 1.876 kN/ m
Load for one floor = 14.475 kN/ m
Load for six floors = 14.475 × 6 = 86.85 kN/ m
Factored load (Qu ) = 1.5 × 86.85 = 130.23 kN/ m for 1 m2
= 23.7 × 10^ 5kN for 18210.85 m2
12
For group pile, Qug = 9CB2 + 4CBL
= 9 × 24.5 × 602 + 4 × 60 × 20
= 78.8×103kN
Number of columns:
Assume Column spacing = 10 feets = 3m
No of columns = 400
Load on one colomn = Qu / Number of columns
= 78.8×103 / 400
= 1917.5 kN
13
5.3 STAAD PRO ANALYSIS
INPUT DATA FOR STAAD PRO
(TABLE 1)
S.NO PARTICULARS SPECIFICATIONS
1
Column size 0.45m × 0.35m
2
Beam size 0.3m× 0.25m
3
Supports Fixed
4
Live load 3KN/m
5
Materials M25 Grade
Concrete Fe 415
steel
FIG 1 (3D 6 FLOOR FRAMED STRUCTURE)
14
FIG 2 (WHOLE STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING
FIG 3 (DISPLACEMENT OF THE BUILDING)
15
FIG 4 (3D STRESS VIEW OF COLUMN)
STAAD.Pro Report
To: from
:
Copy Date: 26/09/2016 Ref: ca/ Document1

to: 10:40:00
Materials
E Density 
Mat Name 
(kN/mm2) (kg/m3) (/°C)
3 STEEL 205.000 0.300 7.83E 3 12E -6
4 STAINLESSSTEEL 197.930 0.300 7.83E 3 18E -6
5 ALUMINUM 68.948 0.330 2.71E 3 23E -6
6 CONCRETE 21.718 0.170 2.4E 3 10E -6
16
CHAPTER -6
PILE CAP DESIGN
6.1 MANUAL CALCULATION FOR PILE CAP:
Assume diameter of pile = 0.5m = 500mm
Length of pile = 20m
Spacing between the pile = 3d = 3 × 500
=1500mm
Assume number of piles under the pile cap = 4
Size of column = 0.45 × 0.35 m
Load on each pile = 1917.5 / 4
= 492.88 kN
Assume overall depth of pile = 500mm
Effective depth of pile = 500 – 50 = 450mm
Ultimate moment(Mu) = 0.53 × 1150 = 609.5 kNm
Mu = 0.87× fy × Ast × d (1- 0.42 Xu /d)
609.5 × 106 = 0.87 × 415 × Ast × 0.5 (1- 0.42 × 250/500)
Ast = 4273751.5 mm2
Provide 20 mm diameter bars,
17
Spacing = 1000 × ast × 2/ Ast
= (1000 × π × 302 / 4) / 4273751.5
= 146.4 mm
Take spacing = 150 mm
Effective depth of pile cap = 500-(100+20+20) x 2
=220mm
Effective depth of pile cap = 250mm
Take overall depth of pile cap = 300 mm
18
6.2 ANALYSY OF PILE IN STAAD FOUNDATION
TABLE 2 INPUT DATA FOR STAAD FOUNDATION
S.N0 PARTICULARS SPECIFICATIONS

1
Number of columns 400mm
2
Diameter of pile 500mm
3
Depth of pile cap 300mm
4
Length of pile 20m
5
Number of piles in a pile 4
cap
6
Diameters of bars used 20mm
in pile cap
7
Spacing 300mm
19
PILE CAP DESIGN
Design For PileCap P620

PILE ARRANGEMENT
Column Dimensions
Column Shape : Rectangular

Column Length - X (Pl) : 0.450 m
Column Width - Z (Pw) : 0.350 m
Pedestal
Include Pedestal? No
Pedestal Shape : N/A
Pedestal Height (Ph) : N/A
Pedestal Length - X (Pl) : N/A
Pedestal Width - Z (Pw) : N/A
Pile Cap Geometrical Data
Pile Cap Length PCL = 2.500 m

Pile Cap Width PCW = 2.500 m
Initial Pile Cap Thickness tI = 0.300 m
Pile Geometrical Data
Pile spacing Ps = 1.500 m

Pile Edge distance e = 0.500 m
Pile Diameter dp = 0.500 m
20
Pile Capacities
Axial Capacity PP = 500.000 kN

Lateral Capacity PL = 100.000 kN
Uplift Capacity PU = 300.000 kN
Material Properties
Concrete f'c = 25000.004 kN/m2

Reinforcement fy = 415000.070 kN/m2
Concrete Cover
Bottom Clear Cover CCB = 0.050 m

Side Clear Cover CCS = 0.050 m
Pile in Pile Cap PCP = 0.100 m
Loading applied at top of cap
Critical load case for thickness is reported only when required thickness is more
than the given minimum thickness
LCoaasde
Fx (kN)
Fy (kN)
Fz (kN)
Mx (kNm)
My (kNm)
Mz (kNm)
1 -0.011 -211.877 0.014 0.022 0.000 0.019

2 -0.021 -162.682 0.028 0.045 0.000 0.039
3 -0.048 -561.839 0.063 0.100 0.000 0.088
Pile Cap size (in investigated direction) H = 2.500 m
size (in investigated perpendicular B) = 2.500 m
21
PILE CAP DESIGN CALCULATION
Pile Reactions
Arrangement Reaction
Maximum bar size allowed along length # 20

Maximum bar size allowed along width # 25
Bending Moment At Critical Section = -159.820 kNm (Along Length)
Bending Moment At Critical Section = -175.047 kNm (Along Width)
Pile Cap Thickness t = 0.524 m
Selected bar size along length # 10
Selected bar size along width # 10
Selected bar spacing along length = 125.79 mm
Selected bar spacing along width = 125.79 mm
Pile Cap Thickness Check
Calculated Thickness (t) = 0.524 m
22
Check for Moment (Along Length)
Critical Load Case : 3
Effective Depth(def) = 0.370 m

Depth of neutral axis for balanced section (xu) = 0.177 m
As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX G,G-1.1 C
Ultimate moment of resistance (Mulim) = 1178.424 kNm
We observed Mu < = Mulim. Hence singly reinforced and under reinforced section
can be used
Check for Moment (Along Width)
23
Governing moment (Mu) = -175.047 kNm
We assume singly reinforced and under reinforcement section
Ultimate moment of resistance(Mulim) = 1178.424 kNm
We observed Mu <= Mulim.
Hence singly reinforced and under reinforced section can be used
Check for One Way Shear (Along Length)
Design Shear Force for One-Way Action Vu = -246.888 kN

As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX B,34.2.4.2 B-5.1 and Clause No
Design Shear Stress (Tv) = -267.267 kN/m^2
Allowable Shear Stress (Tc) = 308.007 kN/m^2
Where Beta = = 17.041
and percentage of steel required (pt) = 0.170
Here Tv <= Tc. Hence safe.
24
Check for One Way Shear (Along Width)
Design Shear force (Vu) = -277.341 kN

As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX B,B-5.1 and Clause No 34.2.4.2
Design Shear Stress (Tv) =-300.234 kN/m2
Allowable Shear Stress (Tc) = 308.007 kN/m2
Where Beta = 17.041
and percentage of steel required (pt) = = 0.170
Here, Tv <= Tc. Hence safe
Check for Two Way Shear (Along Length)
Design Two-Way Shear force = -608.712 kN

As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.2.1
Two Way Shear Stress (Tv) = -535.216 kN/m^2
Where,perimeter of critical section (b0) = 3.078 m
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.3.1
Allowable shear stress = 1250.000 kN/m^2
Where, ks = 1.000
Ratio of shorter to longer dimension (Bc) = 0.778
and, Tc = 1250.000 kN/m2
Tv < KsTc. Hence Safe.
25
Calculation of Maximum Bar Size
Along Length
Selected maximum bar size = 20 mm

Bar diameter corresponding to max bar size(db) =20.000 mm
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause No 26.2.1
Development Length (ld) = 0.806 m
Allowable Length (ldb) = 0.975 m
ldb >ld. Hence, safe
Along Width

ldb >ld Hence, safe.
Selection of Bottom and Top Reinforcement
Top reinforcement is provided same as bottom reinforcement
Along Length
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1

Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin) = 1551.000 mm2
As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX G,G-1.1 b
Area of steel required (Asq) = 1551.000 mm2
Area of steel provided (Ast) = 1551.000 mm2
Astmin<= Ast Steel area is accepted
Minimum spacing allowed (Smin) = 40 + db = 50 mm
Selected spacing (S) = 125.79 mm
Smin <= S <= 450 mm and selected bar size < selected maximum bar size. The
reinforcement is accepted.
26
Along Width
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1

Area of steel provided (Ast) = = 1558.500 mm2
Astmin<= Ast Steel area is accepted.
Minimum spacing allowed (Smin) = 40 + db = 50.00 mm
PILE ARRANGEMENT
Column Dimensions
Pedestal


27
Pile Capacities

Uplift Capacity PU = 300.000 Kn
Material Properties

Concrete Cover

than the given minimum thickness.
Pile Cap size (in investigated direction) perpendicular B = 2.500 m
28
Pile Reactions
Total pile number N = 4
Reinforcement Calculation

29
Effective Depth(def) = = 0.364 m

Depth of neutral axis for balanced section(xu) = 0.174 m
We observed Mu <= Mulim. Hence singly reinforced and under reinforced section
can be used

We observed Mu <= Mulim hence singly reinforced and under reinforced section
can be used 30

Design Shear Stress (Tv) = - 267.618 kN/m^2
Where Beta =16.958
Here , Tv <= Tc. Hence safe.

31
Where , Beta = 16.958

Here, Tv <= Tc. Hence safe.

As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.2.1
Two Way Shear Stress(Tv) = -532.134 kN/m2
Where,perimeter of critical section(b0) = 3.054 m
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.3.1
Allowable shear stress = 1250.000 kN/m2
Where, ks = 1.000
and,Tc = = 1250.000 kN/m2
Along Length

Development Length(ld) = 0.806 m
Allowable Length(ldb) = 0.975 m
ldb >ld. Hence, safe 32
Along Width

Bar diameter corresponding to max bar size (db) =25.000 mm
Development Length(ld) = 1.007 m
Allowable Length(ldb) = 1.025 m
ldb >ld. Hence, safe.
Along Length
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1

Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin) = = 1533.000 mm2
Along Width
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1

Area of steel required (Asq)= = 1540.500 mm2
Area of steel provided (Ast) = = 1540.500 mm2
33

Smin <= S <= 450 mm and selected bar size < selected maximum bar size... The
PILE ARRANGEMENT
Column Dimensions

Pedestal


34
Pile Capacities

Material Properties

Concrete Cover


Pdiilree cCtaiopn )s ize (in investigated perpendicular B = 2.500 m
than the given minimum thickness.
35
Pile Reactions

36

We observed, Mu <= Mulim. Hence singly reinforced and under reinforced
section can be used.

37
We observed. Mu <= Mulim . Hence singly reinforced and under reinforced

Where Beta = 16.958
Here, Tv <= Tc. Hence safe.

38
Where Beta = 16.958

As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.2.1
Two Way Shear Stress(Tv) = -532.770 kN/m^2
Where,perimeter of critical section(b0) = = 3.054 m
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.3.1
Where,ks = 1.000
and,Tc = 1250.000 kN/m^2
Tv < KsTc, Hence Safe.
39
Along Length

Allowable Length (ldb) = = 0.975 m
ldb >ld. Hence, Safe.
Along Width

Along Length

As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1
40
Along Width
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1
PILE ARRANGEMENT
Column Dimensions

Pedestal


41
Pile Capacities

Uplift Capacity PU = 300.000 Kn
Material Properties

Concrete Cover


42
Pile Reactions


43
Effective Depth(def) = = 0.272 m

We observed, Mu <= Mulim. Hence singly reinforced and under reinforced

We observed, Mu <= Mulim . Hence singly reinforced and under reinforced
44

Where Beta = 15.399

45
Where, Beta = 14.798

As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.2.1
Two Way Shear Stress (Tv) = -598.145 kN/m^2
Where , perimeter of critical section (b0) = 2.686 m
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.3.1
Where, ks = 1.000
and, Tc = 1250.000 kN/m^2
Tv < KsTc, Hence Safe.
Along Length

46
Along Width

Along Length
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1

Smin <= S <= 450 mm and selected bar size < selected maximum bar size... The
Along Width

As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1
47
PILE ARRANGEMENT
Column Dimensions

Pedestal


48
Pile Capacities

Material Properties

Concrete Cover


49
Pile Reactions

50

Ultimate moment of resistance (Mulim) = = 703.534 kNm
We observed Mu <= Mulim hence singly reinforced and under reinforced section
can be used.

51
We observed , Mu <= Mulim . Hence singly reinforced and under reinforced

Where , Beta = 15.678
Here , Tv <= Tc. Hence safe

Where, Beta = 15.678
Here Tv <= Tc Hence safe.
52

As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.2.1
Two Way Shear Stress(Tv) = -574.219 kN/m^2
Where, perimeter of critical section (b0) = 2.742 m
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.3.1
Where, ks = 1.000
and, Tc = 1250.000 kN/m2
Along Length

53
Along Width

Along Length

As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1
Along Width
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1

54
6.3 PILE CAP REINFORCEMENT
FIG 5 (PILE CAP REINFORCEMENT)
55
CHAPTER – 7
COMPARITION OF RESULTS
TABLE 3
S.NO DESCRIPTION MANUAL STAAD % OF

RESULT FOUNDATION DIFFERENT
1 Load 492.88KN 500KN 1.42%
2 Moment 609.5KNM 1178.42KNM 48%
3 Thickness of pile
cap 300mm 574mm 19.8%
4 Depth of neutral
axis 250mm 177mm 29%
5 Max size of bars 20mm 20mm -
CONCLUTION:
On comparing the manual and staad foundation results, it is observed that the
load carrying capacity of pile by staad foundation is 1.42% higher than that of
manual calculation.
Errors and inaccuracies manual calculations is surmounted by the use of

computer applications, such as staad foundation. This could save the time as well
as cost involved in analysis.
56
REFERENCES
1. Bengt H. Fellenius M. SEAGS and Mauricio Ochoa, “Testing and design of

pile foundation” journal of the southeast asian geotechnicall society 40(3)
129- 137, 2009.
2. IS 456-2000. “Plain and reinforced concrete” Guide line for the load
calculation and spacing of piles.
3. IS 6403-1981, “Determination of bearing capacity of deep foundation”
Guide line for finding the safe bearing capacity of deep foundation.
4. IS 2911- PART 1 -2010 “Design of construction of pile foundation” for
design of concrete pile, Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi 110002.
5. B.C Punmia, “Soil mechanics and Foundations”, Lakmi publications (P)
ltd., New Delhi, 2005.

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DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AVADI IAF, CHENNAI -55

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AVADI IAF, CHENNAI -55

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

Certified that this design report “DESIGN OF PILE

Mr. K. JAYAGANESH. M.E, Ph.d Mr.R.MAGESH.M.E,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,

Aalim Muhammed Salegh Aalim Muhammed Salegh

College of Engineering, College of Engineering,

Muthapudupet, Avadi IAF, Muthapudupet, Avadi IAF,

Chennai-600 055. Chennai-600 055.

Submitted for the viva voce held on ………………

foundation is located, where the water table is high.

software as STADD Pro and STADD Foundation

deformed bars) are used.

We gratefully acknowledge our sincere thanks to our Chairman Alhaj Dr.

We would also like to thank our principal, Prof.Dr.M.Afzal Ali Baig,

Our heartful thanks to our Design Project Guide Mr.R.Magesh,

We all thank all the Faculty members of the Department of Civil

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO

LIST OF SYMBOLS vii

4.1 PILE FOUNDATION 6

5.1 SITE SELECTION 12

5.2 MANUAL CALCULATION FOR BUILDING 12

6 DESIGN OF PILE CAP

6.1 MANUAL CALCULATION FOR PILE CAP 17

6.2 ANALYSIS OF PILE IN STAAD FOUNDATION 19

6.3 PILE CAP REINFORCEMENT 55

TABLE NO TABLE NAME PAGE NO

1 Input data for STAAD Pro 5

2 Input data for STAAD foundation 16

FIGURE NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

1 3D- 6 FLOOR FRAMED STRUCTURE 12

A - Area of footing in cm2

A' - Effective area of footing in cm2

B - Width of strip footing, width of footing, Side square footing, diameter of

B' - Effective width of footing in cm

c1 - Undrained cohesion of the top layer in kgf/cm2

C2 - Undrained cohesion of the lower clay layer in kgf/c

Dw - Depth to water table in cm

d - Depth of top clay layer with undrained cohesion c1

de, dq - Depth factors

en - Eccentricity or loading along the width in cm

eL - Eccentricity of loading along the length in cm

H - Horizontal component of loading in kgf

Kd - Depth factor (varies linearly from 1 for

(depth Dt - 0 to 1.33 for depth Dt - B)

L' - Effective length of footing in cm

N - Corrected standard penetration value.

Ne, N'e, Nq, N'q, N - Bearing capacity factor.

q - Effective surcharge at the base level of foundation in kgf/cm2

qn - Net soil pressure for a specified settlement of 25 mm in kgf/cm2

qd - Static cone penetration resistance in kgf/cm2

fd - Net ultimate bearing capacity based on general shear failure in kgf/cm2

R - Relative density of soil

W' - Correction factor for location of water table