Ionic Equilibrium

Titrations
LECTURE 8
Anupam Gupta
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Ionic Equilibrium
Titrations
LECTURE 8
Titration

Titration is a procedure for determining the concentration of a solution by allowing

a carefully measured volume to react with a standard solution of another
substance, whose concentration is known.
Titration of Strong Acid and Strong Base

1. An acid of unknown concentration is taken in a flask along with a few drops of a

“indicators”
2. On addition of a base to flask drop-by-drop, the H+ is consumed by OH- and the
pH of solution in flask starts increasing
Titration of Strong Acid and Strong Base

3. When all H+ has been consumed, the solution becomes neutral. This is called
“Equivalence Point”. This point is visible due to indicator which change its color
around pH of equivalence point
Indicators - Phenolphthalein
pH Ranges of Indicators
 Titration of Strong Acid with Strong Base

Titration of 40.0 mL HCl with 0.100 M NaOH

pH change during Titration

Titration of 40.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl with 0.100 M NaOH

pH Curve for Titration of Strong Acid with Strong Base
 pH Calculation for Weak Acid-Strong Base Titration

Titration of 40.0 mL of 0.100 M acetic acid with 0.100 M NaOH. (pK a=4.74)
pH Calculation for Weak Acid-Strong Base Titration
pH Curve for Weak Acid-Strong Base Titration
 Solubility Equilibria

The solubility equilibrium in a saturated solution of calcium fluoride in contact with an

excess of solid calcium fluoride

The equilibrium constant is called the solubility product

constant, or simply the solubility product, Ksp
Solubility Equilibria
Example Write the equilibrium constant expression for the solubility product of silver
chromate, Ag2CrO4
Example Solubility product of CaCO3 is 9 x 10-8. Calculate its solubility in g/L.
 Effect of common ions on solubility

Example Calculate solubility of silver oxalate in 10-2 M potassium oxalate solution.

Given that KSP of silver oxalate = 10-10
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