Paper 1

Question Answer(s) Extra info Mark(s) AO/Spec Question Answer(s) Extra info Mark(s) AO/Spec
ref. ref.

01.1 poison 1 AO1 03.1 enzymes 1 AO1

4.3.3.2 4.2.2.1
01.2 any two of: must include 2+2 AO1 03.2 proteases break 1 AO1
• thorns and hairs action of how 4.3.3.2 down proteins 4.2.2.1
to deter animals defence works to amino acids accept fats 1
• specialised (in bold) (instead of
lipases break 1
leaves which lipids)
do not accept down lipids
droop or curl bark, cellulose
when touched to glycerol and 1
cell walls,
• mimicry to trick fatty acids
waxy cuticle
animals 03.3 amylase, buffer, must be 1 AO2
do not award
starch correct order 4.2.2.1
3 marks for
3 defences, 03.4 buffer must be added to the 1 AO2
action of enzyme before the starch is added 4.2.2.1
defence must − as the reaction will start as soon
be linked to as the enzyme and starch meet
the defence if no buffer (or added afterwards) 1
mechanism results will not be valid as the pH
01.3 any two of: accept 2 AO1 will be changed after the reaction
• skin any other 4.3.1.6 has started
• mucus reasonable 03.5 iodine plus a drop of water 1 AO2
• hairs in nose answer 4.2.2.1
• trachea / bronchi
• stomach acid 03.6 a control makes it easier to 1 AO2
• tears compare colours 4.2.2.1
as the water in the control doesn’t 1
01.4 any two of: 2 AO1
contain any starch / so you can be
• phagocytosis 4.3.1.6
sure all the starch is gone /
• antibody production
digested / broken down, if it is the
• antitoxin production
same colour as the control
(allow descriptions instead)
04.1 virus all must be in 1 AO1
02.1 tobacco mosaic allow other 1 AO1 correct order 4.1.1.1
bacterium
virus viral disease, if 4.3.1.2 for mark 4.1.1.2
correct red blood cell

02.2 it gives a allow other 1 AO1 leaf cell

distinctive ‘mosaic’ correct 4.3.1.2 04.2 to keep specimen allow – to 1 AO1
pattern of answers flat prevent the 4.1.1.2
discolouration on related to to retain liquid specimen 1
the leaves, which student’s under it to prevent touching the
affects the growth answer above 1 specimen drying microscope lens
of the plant out
due to lack of 1 04.3 smaller field of or converse: 1 AO1
photosynthesis view with a high- larger with 4.1.1.2
02.3 black spot allow other 1 AO1 power lens low power 4.1.1.5
fungal disease, 4.3.1.4 because lens because 1
if correct has greater smaller
magnification magnification.
02.4 either: name of 3 AO1
stunted growth correct ion 4.3.3.1 must state
caused by nitrate must be stated reason (i.e.
deficiency –1 because… for
2 marks, not
because nitrate related just high is
ions needed for effect – 1 smaller and
protein synthesis related low is bigger)
and therefore reason − 1
growth 04.4 iodine solution 1 AO1
4.1.1.2
or
chlorosis caused
by magnesium
deficiency
because
magnesium ions
needed to make
chlorophyll

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Question Answer(s) Extra info Mark(s) AO/Spec Question Answer(s) Extra info Mark(s) AO/Spec
ref. ref.
04.5 1 mark for 2 AO2 06.1 lymphocytes detect accept white 2 AO2
drawing, 4.2.3.1 antigens on dead / blood cells 4.3.1.6
Region of with distinct inactive Lumpius instead of 4.3.1.7
elongation meristem area. and produce lymphocytes
Merislem – region
of cell division Must state specific antibodies
Root cap meristem, not against Lumpius /
just region of 4.1.1.2 pathogen
cell division
antibodies lock
Scale bar should 2 onto Lumpius
1 mark for
be approximately label 06.2 lymphocytes accept white 1 AO2
10 mm long and remember the blood cells 4.3.1.6
labelled 2 mm 1 mark for shape of the instead of 4.3.1.7
sensible units / antigen lymphocytes
scale 06.3 lymphocytes accept white 3 AO2
instantly recognise blood cells 4.3.1.6
1 mark for live Lumpius / instead of 4.3.1.7
correct pathogen because lymphocytes
scale bar it has the same must state
04.6 meristem tissue 1 AO1 antigens as the ‘more quickly’
can differentiate 4.1.2.3 vaccine or equivalent
into any type and respond and
of plant cell, more quickly to must express
throughout life the infection by concept that
of plant producing many person does
05.1 accept values in range 1 AO2 specific antibodies, not become ill
65 000–70 000 4.2.2.5 which lock onto
4.2.2.6 the Lumpius /
05.2 active = nearly 1 mark 1 AO2 pathogen and
4000 incidences for both 4.2.2.5 kill them before
(allow ± 1000) readings 4.2.2.6 person becomes ill
/ person is immune
drink less must 1 / has immunity
alcohol = 12 000 include the
incidences comparison for 06.4 efficacy – vaccine must give 1 AO3
(allow ± 1000) 2nd mark works / looks reason for 4.3.1.9
promising / passes answers
and therefore
to next stage of
drinking less
trial / positive result
alcohol produced
about three times
because many 1
fewer cancers as
specific antibodies
being active
are produced
05.3 eat fruit and veg must include 2 AO2 when volunteers
lots of fibre low alcohol 4.2.2.6 are infected with
for 2 marks 4.2.2.7 live Lumpius / accept caution
low salt
(to reward pathogen – insufficient
low processed / recognising data, adverse
red meat alcohol / drinks dose – is good / side effects / 1
low alcohol are part of correct deaths – is
the diet) and dose too
at least two because response high? Can 1
others elicited (i.e. acknowledge
05.4 men and women make different 1 AO3 production of this thought
lifestyle choices 4.2.2.5 antibodies). process

men and women are exposed to 1 4.2.2.6 06.5 clinical trial 1 AO3
different environmental factors 4.2.2.7 many volunteers recruited / tested 1 4.3.1.9
men and women have structural and 1 on many humans
genetic differences 07.1 oxygen 1 AO1
4.4.1.2
07.2 a clock / watch allow 2 AO2
a ruler / other thermometer, 4.4.1.2
measuring device if its use is
explained
below

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Question Answer(s) Extra info Mark(s) AO/Spec Question Answer(s) Extra info Mark(s) AO/Spec
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07.3 Level 3: A detailed and coherent 5–6 AO2 07.6 inverse square 1 AO3
explanation is provided with most 4.4.1.2 law / inverse 4.4.1.2
of the relevant content, which proportion
demonstrates a comprehensive as light intensity allow 1
understanding of the investigation increases (distance converse
and the order in which it is carried between lamp and
out. The response gives logical plant decreases)
steps, with reasons. the volume of
Level 2: A detailed and coherent 3–4 oxygen (or the
explanation is provided. The rate of bubble
student has a broad understanding production)
of the investigation. The response increases.
makes mainly logical steps with this indicates allow 1
some reasoning. the rate of converse
Level 1: Simple descriptions of the 1–2 photosynthesis
investigation are made along with increases with
reference to photosynthesis. The light intensity
response demonstrates limited 08.1 there is incomplete 1 AO1
logical linking of points. oxidation of glucose 4.4.2.1
4.4.2.2
No relevant content 0
08.2 recovery 5 AO2
Indicative content
label can be 4.4.2.1
• set up apparatus as in diagram
indicated 4.4.2.2
• make sure plant
anywhere in
photosynthesising (can see
the shaded
bubbles of oxygen)
EPOC area
• measure and record the
temperature of water in beaker; labels can be
the water is intended to maintain either on the
a constant temperature (buffer), so graph shape,
the temperature should be taken or correctly
periodically and kept constant; placed on the
controlling other variables x and y axes
• measure and place lamp a
specified distance from apparatus
– control of light intensity related 08.3 blood flowing through the muscles 1 AO1
to distance of lamp from apparatus transports the lactic acid to the 1 4.4.2.1
• carry out at several different liver where it is converted back into 4.4.2.2
distances of lamp (five distances) glucose
• allow plant to acclimatise to each 08.4 oxygen debt is the must convey 1 AO1
new distance of the lamp / light amount of extra idea of extra 4.4.2.1
intensity (2 mins) oxygen the body oxygen 4.4.2.2
• record production rate of needs (compared
oxygen – count bubbles over with resting) after
given time period – 1 min / 5 mins, exercise
at each distance 1
to react with the
• repeat three times for each
accumulated lactic
distance of the lamp / light
acid / remove it
intensity
from the cells.
• calculate mean production
oxygen rate 08.5 person B 1 AO3
• light intensity not linearly 4.4.2.2
related to distance 08.6 any two of: allow converse 2 AO3
07.4 use a graduated syringe or 1 AO3 for person B: for person A 4.4.2.2
measuring cylinder to collect the 4.4.1.2 • heart rate allow reaches
gas / oxygen increases more a lower
slowly / doesn’t maximum
07.5 lots of sunshine = allow converse 1 AO3 increase as fast allow converse
lots of oxygen pro- lack of sunshine 4.4.1.2 • heart rate for person A
duced / high rate / in shady area reaches a lower
of photosynthesis = lower rate of allow converse
steady state
photosynthesis for person A
and therefore lots 1 • decreases
of oxygen good / less oxygen more quickly Must be
for fish in pond produced after exercise / clear which
allow converse recovers more person is being
in shade = not quickly / returns referred to
so good for fish to resting rate
quicker

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Question Answer(s) Extra info Mark(s) AO/Spec
ref.
09.1 Substances are moved across a 2 AO1
cell membrane from a more dilute 4.1.3.3
solution to a more concentrated
solution (against a concentration
gradient).
09.2 Any one from: 1 AO1
• Chemical reactions to synthesise / 4.4.2.1
produce / new / larger molecules
• Movement
• Keeping warm
09.3 Level 3: A detailed and coherent 5–6 AO1
description is provided with most 4.1.3.1
of the relevant content, which 4.2.2.1
demonstrates a comprehensive
understanding of metabolism and
how living processes are linked. The
response is logical
Level 2: A detailed and coherent 3–4 4.4.1.3
description is provided. The student 4.4.2.1
has a broad understanding of
metabolism. The response makes
mainly logical steps with some
linkage.
Level 1: Simple descriptions of living 1–2 4.4.2.3
processes are made. The response
demonstrates limited logical linking
of points.
No relevant content 0
Indicative content
• conversion of glucose to starch,
glycogen and cellulose
• the formation of lipid molecules
from a molecule of glycerol and
three molecules of fatty acids
• the use of glucose and nitrate ions
to form amino acids which in turn
are used to synthesise proteins
• breakdown of excess proteins to
form urea for excretion.
• uses of glucose produced in
photosynthesis - respiration,
storage, to produce fat or oil
for storage, to strengthen the
cell wall
• used to produce amino acids for
protein synthesis.
10.1 reduce / stop water loss / 1 AO1
rehydration 4.2.3.2
by reducing (rate of ) transpiration 1
10.2 reduce / stop reduce / stop 1 AO3
oxygen uptake carbon dioxide 4.2.3.2
so reducing (rate uptake 1 4.4.1.1
of) respiration so reducing 4.4.2.1
(rate of)
photosynthesis

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