Conjuntos y Probabilidad. MS

1.
(a) –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2 (A1) (C1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct numbers, do not
penalise if braces, brackets or parentheses seen.
4
(b) 7 (0.571, 57.1%) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for numerator, (A1)(ft) for
denominator.
Follow through from part (a).
Note: There is no further penalty in parts (c) and (d)
for use of denominator consistent with that in part
(b).
1
(c) 7 (0.143, 14.3%) (A1)(ft) (C1)
Note: Follow through from part (a).
1
(d) 7 (0.143, 14.3%) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for numerator, (A1)(ft) for
denominator.
Follow through from part (a).
[6]
2. (a)
(A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct pair.
(b) 0.4 × 0.8 + 0.6 × 0.7 (A1)(ft)(M1)

Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for two consistent products
IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 1

from tree diagram, (M1) for addition of their products.
Follow through from their tree diagram provided all
probabilities are between 0 and 1.
= 0.74 (A1)(ft) (C3)

[6]
3. (a) 1 (one) (A1) (C1)

Note: 6, {6} or {1} earns no marks.
(b) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 (A1) (C1)

Note: Do not penalise if braces, parentheses or
brackets are seen.
(c)
(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C4)
Notes: Award (A1) for the empty set A  B  C .
Award (A1)(ft) for the correct placement of 6, 5, 1
and 3.
Award (A1)(ft) for the correct placement of 2, 4, 12,
7, 9, 11, 8.
Award (A1)(ft) for the correct placement of 10.
Follow through from part (b).
[6]
108  54 
 , 0.432, 43.2% 
4. (a) 250  125  (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for
denominator.

25
(b) 106 (0.236, 23.6%) (A1)(A1) (C2)
denominator.

71
(c) 170 (0.418, 41.8%) (A1)(A1) (C2)
denominator.
[6]
5. (a)
(A1) for rectangle and three labelled intersecting circles

(A1) for 15, 27 and 17
(A1) for 10 and 8 (A3)
(b) 48–(8 + 10 + 17) or equivalent (M1)

= 13 (A1)(ft)(G2)
(c) 50 – (27 + 10 + 13) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for working seen.
=0 (A1)
number of elements in A = 36 (A1)(ft)(G3)
Note: Follow through from (b).
(d) 21 (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from (b) even if no working
seen.
(e) 54 (M1)(A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for 17, 10, 27 seen. Follow
through from (a).
[11]

40  1 
 , 0.333, 33.3% 
6. (a) 120  3  (A1)(A1)(G2)
denominator.
34  17 
 , 0.283, 28.3% 
(b) 120  60  (A1)(A1)(G2)
denominator.
8 2 
 , 0.286, 28.6% 
(c) 28  7  (A1)(A1)(G2)
denominator.
(d) customer satisfaction is independent of café (A1)

Note: Accept “customer satisfaction is not
associated with the café”.
(e) 2 (A1)
(f) 0.754 (G2)

Note: Award (G1)(G1)(AP) for 0.75 or for correct
answer incorrectly rounded to 3 s.f. or more, (G0) for
0.7.
(g) since χ2calc < χ2crit (5.991) accept (or Do not reject) H0(R1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from their value in (e).
OR
Accept (or Do not reject) H0 as p-value (0.686) > 0.05(R1)(A1)(ft)
Notes: Do not award (A1)(R0).
Award the (R1) for comparison of appropriate values.
[12]

7.
(A1)(A1)(A1)
(A1)(A1)(A1) (C6)
Note: Award (A1) for each number placed once in
the correct region. Accept equivalent forms for
numbers.
[6]
8. (a) 17 (A1) (C1)
(b) 35 – 17 (M1)
= 18 (A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for correct answer only.
(c) 60 – (35 – 17) – (28 – 17) – 17 (M1)

= 14 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from (a) and (b).
(d)
(A1) (C1)
[6]

9. (a)
(A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for 0.25, (A1) for 0.1 and 0.9, (A1)
for 0.05 and 0.95.
(b) P(late) = 0.25 × 0.1 + 0.75 × 0.05 (A1)(ft)(M1)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for two correct products from
their diagram and award (M1) for addition of their two
products.
1 
 , 6.25% 
= 0.0625  16  (A1)(ft) (C3)
[6]
91

10. (a) = 150 (0.607, 60.6% , 60.7%) (A1)(A1) (C2)
denominator.
111  37 
 , 0.74, 74% 
(b) = 150  50  (A1)(ft)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their numerator in (a) +20
provided the final answer is not greater than 1. (A1)
for denominator.
16
(c) 91 (0.176, 17.6%) (A1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for numerator and (A1)(ft) for
denominator. Follow through from their numerator in
(a) provided answer is not greater than 1.
[6]

11. (a)
(A2) (C2)
Note: Award (A2) for 3 correctly placed values, and
no extras (4 need not be seen), (A1) for 2 correctly
placed values, (A0) for 1 or no correctly placed
values.
(b) 18 + 10 + 6 – 30 (M1)
=4 (A1) (C2)
4 2 
 , 0.4, 40% 
(c) 10
P(A│B) =  5  (A1)(ft)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their numerator from part
(b), (A1) for denominator.
[6]
12. (a) 0.8 = 0.5 + 0.6 – P(A  B) (M1)

P(A  B) = 0.3 (A1) (C2)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution, (A1) for
correct answer.
0 .3
(b) P(A│B) = 0.6 (M1)
= 0.5 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in
conditional probability formula. Follow through from
their answer to part (a), provided probability is not
greater than one.

(c) P(A  B) = P(A) × P(B) or 0.3 = 0.5 × 0.6 (R1)
OR
P(A│B) = P(A) (R1)
they are independent. (Yes) (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from their answers to parts (a)
or (b). Do not award (R0)(A1).
[6]
0
 
13. (a) (i) a = 0 4 (A1)
3
(ii) b = 4 (0.75, 75%) (A2)(G2)
4 3

(iii) 5 4 (M1)(A1)
12  3 
 , 0.6, 60% 
20  5  (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying two probabilities,
(A1) for using their probabilities, (A1) for answer.
(b)
(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for each pair.

1 3 1 1
  
(c) (i) 2 10 2 5 (M1)(M1)
5 1 
 , 0.25, 25% 
= 20  4  (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for two products seen with
numbers from the problem, (M1) for adding two
products. Follow through from their tree diagram.
1 3

2 10
1
(ii) 4 (M1)(A1)
3
= 5 (0.6, 60%) (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for substituted conditional
probability formula, (A1) for correct substitution.
Follow through from their part (b) and part (c) (i).
[15]
90
14. (a) 200 (0.45, 45 %) (A1)(A1) (C2)
denominator.
60
(b) 90 ( 0.6 , 0.667, 66.6% , 66.6...%, 66.7 %) (A1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Notes: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1)(ft) for
denominator, follow through from their numerator in
part (a). Last mark is lost if answer is not a
probability.

90 100 60
 
(c) 200 200 200 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in the
combined events formula. Follow through from their
answer to part (a).
130
= 200 (0.65, 65 %) (A1)(ft)
OR
60 40 30
 
200 200 200 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for adding the correct fractions.
130
= 200 (0.65, 65 %) (A1)
OR
70
= 1 – 200 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for subtraction of correct fraction
from 1.
130
= 200 (0.65, 65%) (A1) (C2)
[6]
15. (a) (i) 6, 9, 12 (A1) (C1)
(ii) 9 (A1)(ft) (C1)

Note: Follow through from their part (a)(i).
(b) any element from {5, 7, 8, 10, 11} (A1)(A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for finding (A  B), follow
through from their A.
Award full marks if all correct elements of (A  B)′
are listed.

(c)
n(A  B) = 4
15  A′ X
A  A B
15  U (R1)(A1) (C2)
Notes: Accept correct reason in words.
If the reason is incorrect, both marks are lost.
Do not award (R0)(A1).
[6]
16. (a)
(A1) for rectangle and three intersecting circles

(A1) for 10, (A1) for 8, 13 and 9, (A1) for 12, 15 and 17 (A4)
(b) 100 – (9 + 12 + 13 + 15 + 10 + 17 + 8) = 16 (M1)(A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from their diagram.
51
(c) 100 (0.51) (A1)(ft)
= 51% (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Follow through from their diagram.

(d) Note: The following statements are correct. Please note that the
connectives are important. It is not the same (had cereal) and
(not bread) and (had cereal) or (not bread). The parentheses
are not needed but are there to facilitate the understanding
of the propositions.
(had cereal) and (did not have bread)
(had cereal only) or (had cereal and fruit only)
(had either cereal or (fruit and cereal)) and (did not have bread)(A1)(A1)
Notes: If the statements are correct but the
connectives are wrong then award at most (A1)(A0).
For the statement (had only cereal) and (cereal and
fruit) award (A1)(A0).
For the statement had cereal and fruit award (A0)
(A0).
54
(e) 100 (0.54, 54 %) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for numerator, follow through
from their diagram, (A1)(ft) for denominator. Follow
through from total or denominator used in part (c).
10 9 1
 
(f) 100 99 110 (0.00909, 0.909%) (A1)(ft)(M1)(A1)(ft)(G2)
Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for their correct fractions, (M1)
for multiplying two fractions, (A1)(ft) for their correct
answer.
Answer 0.009 with no working receives no marks.
Follow through from denominator in parts (c) and (e)
and from their diagram.
[15]
4  1 , 0.167, 16.7% 
 
17. (a) 24  6  (A1)(A1) (C2)
denominator.
7
(b) 24 (0.292, 29.2%) (A1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) from the denominator used in
(a).

3
(c) 7 (0.429, 42.9%) (A1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for numerator (A1)(ft) for
denominator, (ft) from their numerator in (b).
[6]
18. (a) P(A  B) = 0 (A1) (C1)
(b) P(A  B) = P(A) × P(B)

4 5

= 13 13 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for product of two fractions,
decimals or percentages.
20
P(A  B) = 169 (= 0.118) (A1) (C2)
7 4 5
 
(c) 13 13 13 – P(A  B) (M1)(M1)
4 5

Notes: Award (M1) for 13 13 seen, (M1) for
7
subtraction of 13 shown.
OR
Award (M1) for Venn diagram with 2 intersecting
circles, (A1) for correct probabilities in diagram.
2
 B) 
P(A 13 (= 0.154) (A1) (C3)
[6]
19. (a) (i) m=1 (A1)
(ii) n=3 (A1) (C2)

1 3
Note: Award (A0)(A1)(ft) for m = 8 , n = 8
Award (A0)(A1)(ft) for m = 3, n = 1.

3
8  3  1 , 50%, 0.5 
6 62 
(b) P(B/R′) = 8 (M1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituted
conditional probability formula or for 6 seen as part
of denominator.
3 3 9
 
(c) P(B, B) = 8 8 64 (0.141) (M1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (M1) for product of two correct
fractions, decimals or percentages. (ft) from their
answer to part (a) (ii).
[6]
20. (a)
(A3)
 77 
 , 61.6% 
(b) 0.7 × 0.88 = 0.616  125  (M1)(A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying the correct
probabilities.

(c) 0.3 × 0.25 + 0.7 × 0.88 (M1)(M1)
Notes: Award (M1) for a relevant two-factor product,
could be S × NP OR L × NP.
Award (M1) for summing 2 two-factor products.
 691 
 , 69.1% 
P = 0.691  1000  (A1)(ft)(G2)
Notes: (ft) from their answer to (b).
0.616
(d) 0.691 (M1)(A1)
 616 
 , 89.1% 
P = 0.891  691  (A1)(ft)(G2)
[11]
21. (a) 3 (A1)
(b) For 5, 4, 7 (0) seen with no extra values (A1)

16 (A1)(G2)
(c) They like (both) the Salseros (S) and they like the Bluers (B)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for “and”, (A1) for the correct
groups.
(d) R  B  S (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for R  B, (A1) for  S′
(e) (i) 21 + 3x = 33 (M1)

x=4 (A1)(G2)
(ii) 17 (A1)(ft)
[10]

22. (a)
(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for rectangle (U not required), (A1)
for 3 intersecting circles, (A1) for 4 in central
intersection, (A1) for 16, 3, 8 and (A1) for 33, 10, 7
(ft) if subtraction is carried out, or for S(56), Q(38)
and R(22) seen by the circles.
(b) 100 – 81 (M1)

19 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for subtracting their total from 100.
(c) 33 + 10 + 7 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for adding their values from (a).
 50 
 
 100  × 100% (A1)(ft)
50% (50) (A1)(ft)(G3)
12  6
 0.545, 
(d) P (own a cat given they own a bird) = 22  11  (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for the numerator, (A1)(ft) for
the denominator.
[12]

23. (a)
(A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
(b) 0.7 × 0.1

7
= 0.07 ( 100 , 7%) (A1)(ft) (C1)
(c) 0.3 × 0.8 + 0.07 (M1)

31
= 0.31 ( 100 , 31%) (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: In (b) and (c) follow through from sensible
answers only i.e. not a probability greater than one.
[6]
24. (a)
(A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for a labeled Venn diagram with
appropriate sets.
(A1) for 7, (A1) for 8 and 5.

8
20
8 5

(b) P (Spanish / one language only) = 20 20 (M1)(A1)(ft)
Follow through from their Venn diagram.
8
= 13 (0.615, 61.5%) (A1)(ft)
OR
8
P (Spanish / one language only) = 8  5 (A1)(ft)(M1)
Note: Award (A1) for their correct numerator, (M1)
for correct recognition of regions.
Follow through from their Venn diagram.
8
= 13 (0.615, 61.5%) (A1)(ft) (C3)
[6]
25. (a)
(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct number in the
correct position.
(b) 28 (A1)(ft)
Note: 20 + their 8
(c) 59 (A1)(ft)

(d) 10 + 12 + 20 + 6 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for use of the correct regions.
= 48 (A1)(ft)(G2)
OR
59 – 8 – 3 (M1)
= 48 (A1)(ft)
[7]
26. (a)
(A3)
Notes: (A3) for correct histogram,
(A2) for one error, (A1) for two errors, (A0) for more
than two errors.
Award maximum (A2) if lines do not appear to be drawn
with a ruler.
Award maximum (A2) if a frequency polygon is drawn.
(C3)
(b) Modal group = 3800  w < 4000 (A1) (C1)
3
(c) Probability = 35 (0.0857, 8.57) (A1)(A1)
Note: (A1) for correct numerator (A1) for correct
denominator. (C2)
[6]

27. Unit penalty (UP) is applicable where indicated.
5 5
5 0
4 5
4 0
3 5
num ber of 3 0
c h ic k e n s 2 5
2 0
1 5
1 0
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
w e ig h t (k g )
(a) Dashed or solid line (using a ruler) passing through
mid-points of the 4 bars. (A1)
1   1 
 , 0 5 , 0
Starting and finishing at  2  and  2  respectively. (A1) (C2)
(b) 96 (A1) (C1)
UP (c) 3  weight  4 kg. (Accept 3–4 kg) (A1) (C1)
(d) For adding three heights or subtracting 14 from 96 (M1)

82 41
96 (0.854 or 48 , 85.4) (ft) from (b). (A1)(ft) (C2)
[6]

28. (a)
not shading C or shading A  B (A1)

correct shading (A1) (C2)
(b) Identifying the correct 5 numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 (A1)

27 (A1) (C2)
(c) (i) M = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} brackets not required. (A1)
(ii) E′  M = {3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33} (ft) from (i). (A1)(ft) (C2)
[6]
29. (a)
0 .9
0 .6 5
0 .1 0 .6
0 .3 5
0 .4
0 .8
0 .2
1
(A1)(A1) (C2)
(b) 0.65  0.1 (= 0.065) (A1)

0.35  0.8  0.4 (= 0.112) (A1)
0.35  0.2  1 the 1 can be implied (= 0.07) (A1)(ft)
0.247 (A1)(ft)
(C4)
Note: No (ft) for any probabilities greater than 1.
[6]

30. (a)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1)(ft)
Note: (A1) for rectangle with 3 intersecting circles,

(A1) for 1, (A1) for 5, 3, 2, (A1)(ft) for 9, 7, 20 if
subtraction is carried out, or 18, 15, 26 seen by
the letters D, I and C
(b) 50 – 47 (M1)
Note: (M1) for subtracting their value from 50.
=3 (A1)(ft)(G2)
9
(c) 50 (A1)(ft)
20 19

(d) 50 49 (A1)(ft)(M1)
38  380 
 , 0.155, 15.5 % 
= 245  2450  (A1)(ft)(G2)
Notes: (A1)(ft) for correct fractions from their
Venn diagram
(M1) for multiplying their fractions
(A1)(ft) for correct answer.
6 2 
 , 0.4, 40 % 
(e) 15  5  (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Note: (A1)(ft) for numerator, (A1)(ft) denominator
[12]

31. (a)
(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: (A1) for 0.8, (A1) for 0.7, (A1) for 0.6 and 0.4.
(b) (i) 0.2  0.7 = 0.14 (M1)(A1)(ft)

Note: (M1) for multiplying correct numbers. (G2)
(ii) 0.2  0.3 + 0.8  0.6 (M1)(M1)
= 0.54 (A1)(ft)
(G2)
Note: (M1) for each correct product (use candidate’s
tree), (A1)(ft) for answer.
[8]
280
 0.7, 70 % or equivalent
32. (a) (i) 400 (A1)(A1)(G2)
Note: (A1) for correct numerator, (A1) for correct
denominator.
57  19 
 , 0.271, 27.1% 
(ii) 210  70  (A1)(A1)(G2)
Note: (A1) for correct numerator, (A1) for correct
denominator.
180 179

(b) 400 399 (A1)(M1)
Note: (A1) for correct values seen, (M1) for multiplying
their two
values (A1) for correct answer.
537
  0.202
= 2660 (A1)(G3)

(c) H0 : “the preference of brand of cereal is independent of the city”.
OR (A1)
H0 : “there is no association between the brand of cereal and city”.
(d) df = 2 (A1)
210 120
(e) 400 (M1)(A1)
Note: (M1) for substituting in correct formula,
(A1) for correct values.
= 63 (AG)
Note: Final line must be seen or previous (A1)
mark is lost.
(f) 39.3 (G2)

Note: Award (G1)(A0)(AP) if answers not to 3 s.f.
(g) 39.3  χ2crit or p-value  0.05 (R1)(ft)

Do not accept H0. (A1)(ft)
Notes: Allow “Reject H0” or equivalent.
(ft) from their χ2 statistic.
Award (R1)(ft) for comparing the appropriate values.
(A1)(ft) can be awarded only if the conclusion is valid
according to the comparison given. If no reason given or if
reason is wrong both marks are lost. Note that (R1)(A0)(ft)
can be awarded but (R0)(A1)(ft) cannot.
[15]
33. (a)
Grade Frequency
1 1
2 4
3 (2)
4 3
5 (4)
6 5
7 (1)
(A2) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for three correct.
Award (A0) for two or fewer correct.
(b) Mode = 6 (A1)(ft) (C1)
(c) Median = 4.5 (M1)

Note: (M1) for attempt to order raw data (if frequency table
not used) (A1)(ft)
th th
or (M1) halfway between 10 and 11 result. (C2)
7
(d) 20 (0.35, 35 %) (A1)(ft) (C1)
[6]
34. (a) 9 (A1) (C1)
(b) 12 (A1) (C1)
(c) 8+3+9+6 (M1)

= 26 (A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for 20 seen if answer is incorrect.
(d) 5+2+3 (M1)

= 10 (A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for 29 or 19 seen if answer is
incorrect.
[6]
35. (a) (i) H0 = wearing of a seat belt and the time a driver has held
a licence are independent. (A1)
Note: For independent accept “not associated” but
do not accept “not related” or “not correlated”
(ii) 2 (A1)
98 45
(iii) 200 = 22.05 = 22 (correct to the nearest whole number)(M1)(A1)
(AG)
Note: (M1) for correct formula and (A1) for correct
substitution. Unrounded answer must be seen for the

(A1) to be awarded.
(iv) χ2 = 8.12 (G2)

Note: For unrounded answer award (G1)(G0)(AP)
If formula used award (M1) for correct substituted
formula with correct substitution (6 terms) (A1) for
correct answer.
(v) “Does not accept H0” (A1)(ft)

 2
crit < 8.12 or p-value < 0.05 (R1)(ft)
Note: Allow “Reject H0” or equivalent. Follow through
from their χ2 statistic. Award (R1)(ft) for comparing
the appropriate values. The (A1)(ft) can be awarded
only if the conclusion is valid according to the
comparison given. If no reason given or if reason is
wrong the two marks are lost.
98
(b) (i) 200 (= 0.49, 49%) (A1)(A1)(G2)
Note: (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
15
(ii) 45 (= 0.333, 33.3%) (A1)(A1)(G2)
Note: (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
98 97

(c) (i) 200 199 = 0.239 (23.9 %) (A1)(M1)(A1) (G3)
Note: (A1) for correct probabilities seen, (M1) for
multiplying two probabilities, (A1) for correct answer.
102 101

(ii) 1 – 200 199 = 0.741 (74.1 %) (M1)(M1)
(A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: (M1) for showing the product, (M1) for using
the probability of the complement, (A1) for correct
answer. Follow through for consistent use of with
replacement.
OR
98 97 98 102 102 98
    
200 199 200 199 200 199 = 0.741 (74.1 %) (M1)(M1)
(A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: (M1) for adding three products of fractions (or

equivalent), (M1) for using the correct fractions, (A1)
for correct answer Follow through for consistent use
of with replacement.
[18]

36. (a) (i) B = 2,3,5,7 (A1)
Note: Brackets not required
(ii) C  B = 2,3,5 (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through only from incorrect B
(iii) C = 0,1,7,8,9 (A1)(ft)
B  C = 0,1,2,3,5,7,8,9 (A1)(ft) (C4)
Note: Award (A1) for correct C seen. The first (A1)
(ft) in (iii) can be awarded only if C was listed
incorrectly and a mark was lost as a result in (a)(ii). If
C was not listed and C is wrong, the first mark is
lost. The second mark can (ft) within part (iii) as well
as from (i).
(b) “If x is not a positive integer between 1 and 7, then x is not a prime
number
less than 10.” (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for both (not) statements,
(A1) for correct order.
[6]
37.
Note: (A1) for each correctly positioned function or function

number. (C6)
[6]

38. (a) (i) P (a dog is grey and has the yellow bowl)
1 1 1
   (  0.111)
3 3 9 (M1)(A1)(G2)
Note: The (M1) is for multiplying two values along
any branch of the tree.
2
( 0.667(3 sf) or 0.6)
(ii) P (dog does not get yellow bowl) = 3 (A1) 3

1 1
,
(b) (i) The tree diagram should show the values 2 2 for the brown branch
(A1)
1 3
,
and 4 4 in the correct positions for the grey branch. (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through if the branches are

interchanged.
(ii) P (the dog is grey or is playing with a stick, but not both)
1 3 2 1
   
3 4 3 2 (M1)
7
 ( 0.583)
12 (A1)(ft)(G1)
Notes: The (M1) is for showing two correct products
(whether added or not).
Follow through from b(i).
1 1

Award (M1) for 3 4 (must be a sum).
(iii) P (dog is grey given that it is playing with stick)
1 1

p(G  S ) 3 4 1 5
 or
P(S )  2 1   1 1  12 12
    
3 2 3 4 (M1)(A1)(ft)
Note: (M1) for substituted conditional probability
formula, (A1) for correct substitutions.
1
 (  0.2)
5 (A1)(ft)(G2)
(iv) P (grey and fed from yellow bowl and not playing with stick)
1 1 3 1 3
   (   0.0833 3 sf).
= 3 3 4 12 36 (M1)
(A1)(ft)(G1) 9
Note: (M1) is for product of 3 reasonable probability
values.
[12]

39. (a)
(A1)(A1)
(A1)(ft)
(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for 2 (must be in a box), (A1) for 7,

(A1)(ft) for 6 and 4, (A1)(ft) for 9 and 13. Observe the
assignment of (ft) marks strictly here. Example A
common error is likely to be 11 instead of 6 (A0). In
this case follow through to 4 and 18 (A1)(ft) for the
final pair. Here the 4 follows from the total of 27 for
n(M).
4
(b) (i) n(M  W) = 14 (A1)(ft)

(ii) n(M  S) = 22+11 OR 15+18 (A1)
(ft)
= 33 (A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A2) if answer 33 is seen. Award (A1)
for any of 22, 11, 15 or 18 seen but 33 absent.
3
18 17 306
  ( 0.130).
(c) P (both mice short-tailed) = 49 48 2352 (M1)(A1)(ft)
(G1)
Note: Allow alternatives such as 153/1176 or 51/392.
Award (M1) for any of
18 17 18 17 18 17
and or  or  seen.
49 48 49 49 49 48 2
[9]

40. (a) A = 8,10,12,14,16 (A1) (C1)
(b) B = 3,6,9,12,15,18 (A1) (C1)
(c) A  B = 3,6,8,9,10,12,14,15,16,18 (A2)(ft) (C2)

Note: Award (A1) only if a single element is missing
or a single extra element is present, (A0) otherwise.
(d) B = 1,2,4,5,7,8,10,11,13,14,16,17,19,20 (A1)(ft)

A  B = 8,10,14,16 (A1)(ft) (C2)
[6]
41. (a)
(A2) (C2)
Notes: (A1) only if 1 error
(A0) otherwise
(b) x + 16 +18 +34 = 99

x = 31 (A1)
(C1)

(c) Choir only = 88 – (18 + 27 + 31) = 12 (A1)(ft)
Drama only = 110 – (27 + 34 + 31) = 18 (A1)(ft)
Total = 16 + 34 + 18 + 31 + 12 + 27 + 18 = 156 (A1)(ft) (C3)
[6]
42. (a)
(A5) 5
Note: Award (A1) for 0.5 at B, (A1) for 0.3 at T, then

(A1) for each correct pair. Accept fractions or
percentages.
(b) 0.06 (A1)(ft) 1

Note: Accept 0.5  0.12 or 6%
(c) for a relevant two-factor product, either C  L or T  L

for summing three two-factor products
(0.2  0.05 + 0.06 + 0.3  0.08) (M1)(M1)
0.094 (A1)
(ft)(G2) 3
0.3  0.08
(d) 0.094 (M1)(A1)(ft)
probability formula seen, (A1)(ft) for correct
substitution
= 0.255 (A1)(ft)(G2) 3
[12]

43.
(A1) (A1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1) (C6)
Notes: For any number entered exactly once, in the correct

position, award (A1) if incorrect award (A0).
If all numbers entered in all regions award (A0).
If any number is entered in more than one region,
penalize that number as follows:
(i) If none of the regions is correct award (A0)
(ii) If one of the regions is correct but other
appearances of that number are in the
COMPLEMENT of the correct set, award (A0) the
first time this is seen.
(iii) If one of the regions is correct but other
appearances of that number are in a SUBSET of the
correct set award (A0) the first time this is seen.
Apply each of (ii) and (iii) at most once and award ft
marks when the error is seen repeatedly, however,
(ii) and (iii) may not both be applied to the same
number and if both these errors are present with
more than one number involved, follow through
cannot be used until both penalties have been
applied.
[6]

8 7
  
44. (a)  15 14  (M1)
56 4
 (0.267)
= 210 15 (A1) (C2)
Note: (M1) is for a product including at least
one correct fraction.
4 3 3 2
    
(b)  15 14   15 14  (M1)(M1)
Note: (M1) is for adding two products, the
other (M1) is if both products attempt to deal with
non-replacement and the numbers are not ridiculous.
18 3
or (0.0857)
= 210 35 (A1) (C3)
Note: If one correct product is doubled this
receives (M1)(M0)(A0)
(c) The probability is 0. (Allow answer “impossible” or equivalent.) (A1) (C1)

[6]
45. The full diagram is as follows, but need not be fully filled in.
(a) 50 – (30 + x) = 20 – x (M1)(A1) (C2)

Notes: Award (C2) for either of these as final
answer.
Can award (M1) for 50 minus a sum of numbers
intended to count the entries in all the Physics
intersections. Also award (M1)(A0) if the sign is
distributed incorrectly, giving answers such as 50 –
30 + x or 20 + x.

(b) 60 + x + (20 – x) + (25 – x) = 90 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for 90 seen on one side of
the equation,
(M1) for a reasonable attempt to order the entries.
Therefore x = 15. (A1)(ft) (C3)

(c) Number studying at least two subjects is 55. (A1)(ft) (C1)
Note: Allow correct (ft) with no marking shown
[6]
46. Lists without set brackets are acceptable in parts (a) and (b).
(a) A = {1, 3, 7, 21} (A2)
Note: Award (A1) for any three correct with no
extra members.
(b) (i) B = {7, 14. 21} (A1)

A  B = {1, 3, 7,14, 21} (A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A2) for correct answer alone.
(ii) C is the set of all even numbers in U (list is okay). (A1)
C  B = {14} (A1)(ft)(G2)
(c) A  B  C = {7, 21} (A1)(ft)

2 1
( or 0.5)
Probability is 4 2 (A1)(ft)(G2)
[8]

47. (a)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for correct tree structure,

(A1) for each complementary pair.

1 1

(b) (i) 2 10 (M1)
1
(0.05, 5%)
20 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for correct product.
1 1 1 1
  
(ii) 2 10 2 5 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for finding two products,
(M1) for adding two products.
3
 (0.15,15%)
20 (A1)(ft)(G2)
1 1

2 5
3
(c) 20 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for using the conditional
probability formula.
2
 , (0.667)
3 (A1)(A1)(ft)
or (G3)
Note: Award (A1) for correct numerator, (A1)
for correct denominator.
[12]
48. (a)
(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for rectangle, (A1) for S

drawn and named, (A1) for G completely inside S.
(b) shading on diagram (A1)(ft)

(c) sports cars that are not green (A2)
Note: Award (A1) for sports cars intersecting
with not green cars.
[6]
49. (a) 109 (A1) (C1)

(b) 60–120 thousand dollars (A1) (C1)
32
(c) 109 For correct numerator (A1)
For correct denominator (A1) (C2)
10
(d) 39 For correct numerator (A1)
For correct denominator (A1) (C2)
[6]
50. (a) For example, 2, –3, etc (A1) (C1)
3 6
 not 
(b) For example, 5  1 (A1) (C1)
(c) For example, 2, (A1) (C1)

(d)
U
For  (A1)
For  (A1)
For  (A1)
Accept as U. (C3)
[6]
51. (a) For solving for P(A  B) from the formula in their tables (M1)
P(A  B) = 0.2 (A1) (C2)
(b) Because 0.4 × 0.65  0.2 need to see the numbers, not just a statement
(R1)
Therefore no, not independent (A1) (C2)
Note: Cannot award (A1) if (R1) not awarded.
(c) Because P(A  B)  0 (R1)

Not mutually exclusive (A1) (C2)
Note: Cannot award (A1) if (R1) not awarded.
[6]
52. (a) (i) {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3} (A1)(A1)

Notes: Award (A1) for set brackets.
Award (A1) for all and only correct numbers.
(ii) {0, 1, 4, 9} (A1)

Notes: Award (A1) for all and only correct numbers.
If domain and range reversed, can follow through in (ii).

(iii) f(x) = x2 (A2) (C5)
Note: Allow any other rule that works.
(b) [1, ) or {x  x  1} (A1) (C1)

[6]
53. (a)
c o rre c t 1
4
c o rre c t 2 3
5 in c o rre c t 4
3 c o rre c t 2
in c o rre c t 5 4
2
in c o rre c t 4
(A2) (C2)
2 3 3 2
  
(b) (i) 5 4 5 4 (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct product.
12
= 20 (= 0.6) (A1) (C3)
2 1

5 4 1
3 1 4

(ii) 10 10 = (0.25) (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
2 1 3 1
 
Note: Award (A1) for 5 4 seen and (A1) for 10 10
seen.
[8]

54. (a)
U
P Q
20%
10% 10%
10%
20% 10%
10%
R
10%
(A4) 4
Notes: Award (A1) for labelled sets P, Q, and R
included inside a universal set.
(Label U is not essential.)
Award (A1) for central entry 10%, (A1) for 20%, 20%,
10% in the other intersecting regions,
Award (A1) for the remaining three 10%s in P,Q and
R.
ft at each stage for numerical errors, however, 10
followed by 30, 30, 20 then 60, 50, 50 receives only
(A1) for the initial 10.
Allow fraction or decimal notation or missing % sign.
The 10% outside of P, Q, and R can be omitted.
Note: For (b) to (d) ft from the candidate’s diagram,
but not if the answer is negative or (strictly) greater
than 100%
(b) 50% read exactly two magazines (A1) 1

(c) 60% read at least two magazines (A1) 1
(d) 10% do not read any magazines (A1) 1
[7]
55. Accept all answers given as percentages. If a correct fraction is seen as

answer, ignore subsequent cancellations or decimal reductions (including AP’s)
if incorrect.
Note In each of (a)(i), (a)(iii), (b)(i) and (b)(ii) award
(A1) for numerator and (A1) for denominator. Ft if the
denominator is incorrect.

32  8 
  or 0.533
(a) (i) P(shady) = 60  15  (A1)(A1)
denominator.

8  2 
  or 0.133
(ii) P(dark and low growth rate) = 60  15  (A1)
60  11 49

(iii) P(not dark) = 60 60 (= 0.817) (A1)(A1) 5
(b) (i) P (high growth rate or dark environment)

11  25 – 6  8  14  8  30  1 
 or     or 0.5
= 60  60  60  2  (A1)(A1)
8
(ii) P (in light, given high growth rate) = 25 (= 0.32) (A1)(A1) 4
8 7 56  14 
    0.0158
(c) (i) P(CC) = 60 59 3540  885  (M1)(A1)
or (G2)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplication of two fractions,
(A1) for the answer.
(ii) Three alternative valid approaches might be seen:

23 22

60 59
15 14 15 8 8 15 8 7
      
OR 60 59 60 59 60 59 60 59
 37 36 37 15 15 37 37 8 8 37 
          
OR 1 –  60 59 60 59 60 59 60 59 60 59  (M1)(A1)
506  253 
 or or 0.143
= 3540  1770  (A1)
or (G3) 5
23 22

Note: If = 60 59 is doubled, award (M1)(A0)(A0).
If non-replacement is treated incorrectly in (i), ft to (ii)
if consistent
[14]
56. (a) AB (A2)
(b) (A  B)′ or A′  B′ (A2)

(c) A′  B (A2)
Note: Award (A1) for A′, (A1) for  B.
(d) (A  B)  C or (A  C)  (B  C) (A2)
Note: Award (A1) for both (A  C) and (B  C) and
(A1) for . (A1) for (A  B) and (A1) for  C.
[8]
57. (a) (A4) (C4)
Note: Award (A4) for all 5 correct, (A3) for 4 correct,

(A2) for 3 correct, (A1) for 2 correct.
(b) 0.65  0.46 + 0.35  0.72 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 0.65  0.46 (M1) for 0.35 
0.72, (M1) for adding (M1) for answer.
= 0.299 + 0.252 (A1)
= 0.551 (A1) (C4)
[8]
58. (a) a = 4, b = 1 (A1)(A1) 2
(b) 30 – (4 + 12 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 4) = 3 (M1)(A1) (or (A2)) 2
24  4 
 
(c) 30  5  (A1)(A1) 2
denominator.

6
(d) 19 (A1)(A1) 2
denominator.
[8]
59. (a) The only prime number in U is 13. (A2) (C2)

Note: Award (A1) for {1, 13} and (A0) for any other
answer.
(b) A = {–4, 1, 13, 69, 1033} (A2) (C2)
2
(c) B = {–4, – 3 , 1, 13, 26.7, 69, 1033} (A2) (C2)
(d) A  B = {–4, 1, 13, 69, 1033}(= A) (A2) (C2)
Note: In (b) and (d) allow (A1) for correct
membership with at most one missing or one
incorrect entry. A list with no set brackets is
acceptable.
In (c) allow at most one missing entry for (A1) but if 
is present award (A0).
[8]
 1 3
 allow , 
60. (a) a = 1, b = 3  8 8 (A1)(A1) (C2)
3 3

(b) P (two fours) = 8 8 (M1)
9
= 64 (or 0.141 to 3 s.f.) (A1) (C2)
6  3 
 or or 0.75
(c) P (not two or three) = 8 , 4  (A2)
1
8
6 1
so P (sixnot two or three) = 8 = 6 (or 0.167) (M1)(A1) (C4)
[8]

3 3 9
 
61. (a) (i) P(chocolate, chocolate) = 10 10 100 = (0.09) (M1)(A1) 2

(ii) P(one is plain) = P(chocolate, plain) + P (plain, chocolate)(M1)
 3 7   7 3  42
    
=  10 10   10 10  100 = (0.42) (M1)(A1) 3
(b) (i) a = 8, b = 9 (A1)(A1) 2
(ii) P(chocolate, chocolate) = 0 (A1) 1

(iii) P(at least one chocolate) = P(one is chocolate) (M1)
 9  1   1  9  18
  
=  10  9   10  9  90 = 0.2 (M1)(A1) 3
(c) P(tin, chocolate)

1 3  1 1 
    
 2 10   2 10  (M1)(M1)(M1)
4
= 20 = (0.2) (A1) 4
[15]
62.
(a) U (b ) U
A B A B
C C
(A2)(A2)
(c) U (d ) U
A B A B
C C
(A2)(A2)
Note: Award (A0), (A0), (A2) ft, (A2) ft if  and  are
consistently reversed.
[8]

63. (a)
t
0 .9 8
p
0 .9 5 b
not t
t
a 0 .5 5
not p
c
not t
a = 0.05 (A1)
b = 0.02 (A1)
c = 0.45 (A1) (C3)
(b) 0.95 × 0.98 = 0.931 (M1)(A1) (C2)
(c) 0.95 × 0.02 + 0.05 × 0.45 (M1)(M1)

= 0.0415 (A1) (C3)
[8]
64.
U
S C
4 5 2
3
4 2
D 15
(a) 3 intersecting circles and rectangle. (A1)
correct numbers (A4) 5
Note: Award (A4) for all 7 numbers correct, (A3) for
6 correct, (A2) for 5 correct, (A1) for 4 correct.
(Do not count the number in D only on the Venn
Diagram at this stage.)
(b) 4 + 5 + 3 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 15 + x = 40 (M1)
35 + x = 40
x=5
Therefore, five play drums only. (A1) 2
(AG)

4 1 
 , 10 %, 0.1
(c) 40  10  (A2) 2
Note: Award (A1) for 4, (A1) for 40.
21
(d) 40 (52.5%, 0.525) (A2) 2
8 1 
 , 50 %, 0.5 
(e) 16  2  (A3) 3
Note: Award (A1) for 8, (A2) for 16. Do not separate
(A2).
[14]
65. Note: Award (A1) for each pair of correct entries in parts (a)
and (c).
A list of numbers with no set brackets is acceptable.
(a) A  B = {1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9} (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
(b) A  B  C = {9} (A1) (C1)
(c) A = {1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9} (A1)
A  C = {6, 7} (A1)
(A  C)  B = {3, 6, 7, 9} (A1)(A1) (C4)
[8]
66. (a)
U P
R
S
(A4) 4
Note: Award (A1) for rectangle labelled with U, (A1)
for R placed correctly with respect to S, (A1) for S
placed correctly with respect to P, (A1) for R placed
correctly with respect to P.

(b) (i)
U P U P
R
S S
O R
(A2)
(ii)
U P U
R R
S S
O R
(A2) 4
Note: Award (A2) for correct shading in each ft from
circle placement in (a).
[8]
67. (a)
A m o u n t o f M o n e y s p e n t o n V id e o R e n ta ls p e r M o n th
25
N u m b e r o f p e o p le (fre q u e n c y )
20
15
10
0
0 .5 0 1 0 .5 0 2 0 .5 0 3 0 .5 0 4 0 .5 0 5 0 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 7 0 .5 0
D o lla rs (c la s s b o u n d a rie s )
(A5) 5
Notes: Award (A1) for correct scales, (A1) for bars
connected (where possible), (A1) for axes labelled
correctly, (A2) for bars all correctly drawn.
If one bar is incorrect, award (A1), if 2 or more bars
are incorrect, award (A0).
30.50–40.50 counts as a bar, height zero. A1so,
allow horizontal scale to be 10, 20, 30, etc, with bars
moved 0.50 to the right.

(b) (i) 11–20 (accept 10.50–20.50) (A1)
(ii) 11–20 (accept 10.50–20.50) (A1) 2
10 1

(c) (i) 50 5 or 20% (A1)
40 4

(ii) 50 5 or 80% (A1)
6 3

(iii) 20 10 or 30% (A2)
Note: Award (A1) for correct numerator and (A1) for
correct denominator.
36 9

(iv) 40 10 or 90% (A2) 6
Note: Award (A1) for correct numerator and (A1) for
correct denominator.
[13]
68. (a) True (A2) (C2)

(b) False (A2) (C2)
(c) True (A2) (C2)
(d) True (A2) (C2)
[8]

69.
Note: In the Spanish papers B is used instead of G
and P is used instead of W.
(a)
W
G
3
20
N W
W
1
1 5
4
N G
4
5
N W (A4) (C4)
3 17

(b) P (G  W) = 4 20 (A1)
1 1

P(NG  W) = 4 5 (A1)
3 17 1 1
  
P(W) = 4 20 4 5 (M1)
11
= 16 (0.6875, 68.75% or 0.688 to 3 s.f.) (A1) (C4)
[8]

70. (a)
U
W
C
1 6
7
5
18 53
8
F
(A4) 4
Note: Award (A1) for the box and circles, (A3) for 7
correct entries, (A2) for 5 or 6 correct, (A1) for 3 or 4
correct.
(b) 100 – (1 + 7 + 6 + 18 + 5 + 53 + 8) = 2 (M1)(A1) 2
71
(c) (i) P(coffee) = 100 (= 0.71) (A1)
27
(ii) P(W  F  C) = 100 (= 0.27) (A1)
8
(iii) P(FW) = 31 (= 0.258) (A1)(A1) 4
5 4

(d) P(both drank all 3) = 100 99 (A1)(A1)
20
= 9900 (= 0.00202) (A1) 3
[13]
71. (a) (i) 10 – 6 = 4 (M1)(A1)

OR
4 (A2)

(ii) Students who study Mathematics only. (A1)
(iii) 20 – (4 + l + 2 + l + 3 + 3 + 4) = 2 (M1)(A1)
OR
2 (A2) 5
(b)
S M
(A1) 1
(c) n(S  H) = 8 + 9 – 3 = 14 (M1)(A1)

OR
n(S  H) = 14 (A2) 2
2  1 
   0.1
(d) (i) P(studies all 3 subjects) = 20  10  (A1)
14  7 
   0.7 
(ii) P(History or Science) = 20  10  (A1) 2
2 2

(e) (i) P(captain studies all, other student studies none) = 20 19 (M1)
4  1 
  0.0105
= 380  95  (A1)
(ii) P(one studies Science only and the other studies History only)
4 3

= 20 19 × 2 (M1)
4 3

Note: Award (M1) for 20 19
24  6 
  0.0632
= 380  95  (A1)

8
(iii) P(HistoryHistory and Maths) = 19 (A1) 5
[15]
72. (a)
R ead W a tc h T V
10 4
6
26
18 20
6
G o to C in e m a
U (A4) (C4)
Notes: Award (A1) for Venn Diagram drawn correctly
(circles and rectangle).
Award (A3) for all four correct (A2) for three correct
(A1) for two correct and (A0) for one correct.
(b) (i) 60 – (10 + 26 + 20) (M1)

=4 (A1)
(ii) 70 – (18+ 26+ 20) (M1)
=6 (A1) (C4)
[8]
73. (a) 12 (A2) (C2)

3 1

(b) 12 4 or 25% (A2) (C2)
2 1

(c) 12 6 or 16.7% (3 s.f.) (A2) (C2)
4 1

(d) 12 3 or 33.3% (3 s.f.) (A2) (C2)
[8]
74. (a) (i) A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13} (A1)

(ii) B = {1,2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12} (A1)
(iii) C = {4, 8, 12} (A1)
(iv) A  B  C =  (A1) 4

(b) (i)(ii)
U B
7 1 6 B U
A 5 2 C
3 9
13 12 A
11 4
15 8
10 14
C
(A2)(A2) 4
Also accept with elements
correctly placed
Note: Allow ft from part (a).
Award (A1) for rectangle labelled, (A1) for circles in
correct places. Award (A1) for correct elements in
intersections, award (A1) for the rest of the elements
correctly placed. IF the wrong Universal set is used,
penalise only one mark.
(c) Note: Award follow through from part (b) only.

(i) A  (B  C) = {2, 3} (A1)
(ii) (A  B) = {1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15} (A1)
Note: Award follow through from part (c) (ii).
(iii) (A  B)  C = {4, 8, 12} (A1) 3
(d) Note: Award follow through from either part (a) or part (b).
6 2

(i) 15 5 or 0.4 or 40% (A1)
4
(ii) 15 or 0.267 or 26.7% (3 s.f) (A1)
Note: In parts (iii) and (iv), award (A1) for the correct
numerator, (A1) for the correct denominator.
6 2
(iii) 15 or 5 or 0.4 or 40% (A2)
2
(iv) 7 or 0.286 or 28.6% (3 s.f.) (A2) 6
[17]

75.
U
R
P
F
(A4)
Note: Award (A1) for rectangle, (A1) for F entirely
within R, (A1) for F disjoint from P, (A1) for P  R
non-empty.
[4]
76. (a)
F
0 .1
A
0 .9
0 .6
N F
F
2
0 .4 0 .1
B
0 .8
8
N F (A1)
Note: Award (A1) for two or three bold entries
correct.
(b) (i) 0.6 × 0.1 = 0.06 (A1)

(ii) 0.6 × 0.9 + 0.4 × 0.88 = 0.892 (M1)(A1)
[4]

77. (a)
1 B oy
2
B oy
1
1 2
2
G irl
1
B oy
1 2
2
G irl
1
2 G irl (A2) 2
Note: Award (A2) for 5 or 4 correct probabilities, (A1)
for 3 or 2, (A0) for 1 or 0.
1 1 1
 
(b) (i) P(2 boys) = 2 2 4 (A1)
1
4 1
1 2
(ii) P(2 boys first child is boy) = 2 (A1)
1
4 1
3 3
(iii) P(2 boys boy in family) = 4 (A1) 3
Note: Answers can be obtained logically without
using conditional probability.
Award full marks for correct answers.
[5]
78. (a) n(MTV  BBC) = 11 (A1)

(b) n(MTV  BBC) = 74 (A1)
(c) n(CNN  BBC  MTV) = 2 (A1)
(d) n(MTV  CNN  BBC) = 77 (A1)
[4]
79. (a) (i) A = {3, 6, 9} (A1) (C1)

(ii) B = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6} (A1) (C1)
Note: Candidates must list all the elements and no
extra elements for each (A1)

(b)
U
A B
3 1, 2
9
6 5
(A2) (C2)
Notes: Follow through from (a).
Award (A1) for 3 and 6 in the intersection.
Award (A1) for other values correctly positioned
[4]
80.
1 R ed
4
R ed
2
5 3
4
G re e n
R ed
2
3 4
5 G re e n
2
4
G re e n (A4) (C4)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct bold entry
[4]
81. (a)
Study Spanish Do not study Total
Spanish
Have computers 7 8 15
Do not have computers 23 14 37
Total 30 22 52 (A3) 3
Notes: Award ½ mark for each correct bold entry.
Round up to a maximum 3 marks.

(b)
U
S C
23 7 8
14 (A2) 2
Notes: Award 1 mark for correctly labelled diagram
indicating all of S, C and U.
Award ½ mark for any two correct entries from 23, 7,
8 and 14, up to a maximum of 1 mark.
(c) “Students who have computers or do not study Spanish”

(or equivalent statements) (C2) 2
Notes: Award (R0) for “Students who have
computers but do not study Spanish”. It is incorrect.
(d) n(C  S) = 29 (A1) 1
7
(e) (i) 52 (M1)(A1) 2
8
(ii) 52 (M1)(A1) 2
7
(iii) 30 (M1)(A1) 2
Notes: If no method is shown, award (M1)(A1) if and
only if answer is correct, otherwise award zero
marks. However, award (M1) if correct method is
shown; even if final answer is wrong.
Accept probabilities expressed as decimals or
percentages.
[14]
40  6 240 2

82. (a) 360 360 or 3 or 0.667 (3 s.f.) (A1)
2  20 40 1

(b) 360 360 or 9 or 0.111 (3 s.f.) (A1)
3  20 60 1

(c) 120 120 or 2 or 0.5 (A1)

100 5

(d) 360 18 or 0.278 (3 s.f.) (A1)
[4]
83. (a)
M
H R H
S
J M R H
H
R
S S S (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for any reasonable counting
method.
10 combinations (A1)
1
(b) 10 (allow follow though from part (a)) (A2)
[4]
5  0  10  1  6  2  3  3  1  4
84. (a) Mean = 25 = 1.4 (M2)(AG) 2
Note: Award (M1) for the numerator and (M1) for the
denominator.
(b)  f ( x  x) 2
= 5(0 – 1.4)2 + 10(1 – 1.4)2 + 6(2 – 1.4)2
+ 3(3 – 1.4)2 + 1(4 – 1.4)2 = 28 (M2)
_
2
Note: Award (M1) for ( x  x) values, and (M1) for
multiplying by the appropriate frequencies.
28
S.D. = 25 (M1)
= 1.06 (AG) 3
(c) Award (R1) for each acceptable reason, e.g.

Group 2 has more children in total.
Group 2 has a larger number of children per female.
Group 2 generally have larger families. (R2) 2

3 1
(d) P(> 2 children) = 25 (M1)
4
= 25 (A1) 2
4 3

(e) (i) P(both females have > 2 children) = 25 24 (M1)
12 1
= 600 or 50 or 0.02 (A1)
4 21

(ii) P(only 1 female has > 2 children) = 2 × 25 24 (M2)
4 21

Note: Award (M1) for 25 24 , (M1) for multiplying by
2.
168 21
= 600 or 75 or 0.28 (A1)
6 1
(iii) P(second has 2 childrenfirst has 0) = 24 or 4 or 0.25(A1) 6
[15]
85. (a) (A1)

Award (A1) for a rectangle containing 3 intersecting
circles.
(b) (A3) 4
C B
1 9
4 2 4
2 3
V
Notes:
(b) Award (A3) for 6 or 7 correct numbers in the
regions.
(A2) for 4 or 5 correct, (A1) for 2 or 3
correct.

(c) 1 + 9 + 4 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 3 = 25 (M1)
n(C) = 30 – 25
=5 (A1)
OR
n(C) = 5 (C2) 2
[6]
86. (a) 0.75 × 0.82 (M1)

 123 
 accept61.5 % or 
= 0.615  200  (A1)
(b) 0.25 × 0.18 (M1)

 9 
 accept 4.5 % or 
= 0.045  200  (A1)
[4]
87. (a) (i)
D S U
x
48 – x 44 – x
(A3) 3
Note: Award (A1) for a correct diagram (labelled),
(A1) for x in the correct position, (A1) for either (48 –
x) or (44 – x) correctly positioned.
(ii) 48 – x + x + 44 – x = 60 (or equivalent), allow ft from (i)(M1)

 x = 32 (A1) 2
(iii) The set of members who did not attend for both (A2) 2
Drama and Sports (or equivalent)

 48  32 44  32 
 
(iv) P(D or S) =  60 60  (M1)(M1)
48  32 44  32
Note: Award (M1) for either 60 or 60 , (M1)
for adding.
28 7
= 60 or 15 or 0.467 (3 s.f.) or 46.7% (3s.f.) (A1) 3
20
(b) (i) P(Female and (S or D)) = 60 (M1)
1
= 3 or 0.333 (3 s.f.) or 33.3% (3s.f.) (A1) 2
 32  8 
 
(ii) P(Male and both D and S) =  60  (M1)
2
= 5 or 0.4 or 40% (A1) 2
[14]
88. (a)
B
2
5
(A1)
J1
1
2 3
5
W 2
(A1)
B
1 2
2 3
J2
1
3
W
 1  3   1  1 
     
(b) P(J1  W) =  2  5  , P(J2  W) =  2  3  (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for either correct.
3 1

P(W) = 10 6 (M1)
7
= 15 or 0.467 (3 s.f.) or 46.7% (3 s.f.) (A1) 3
 1  3  2 
   
(c) P(J1  W  W) =  2  5  4  , P(J2  W  W) = 0 (M1)
3
0
P(W  W) = 20
3
= 20 or 0.15 or 15% (A1) 2
[7]
89. (a)
Billiards Snooker Darts Totals
Male 32.9 16.4 13.7 63
Expected
Female 27.1 13.6 11.3 52
Expected
60 30 25 115 (A3)
Note: Award (A3) for 6 correct expected values
(bold), (A2) for 4 correct, (A1) for 2 correct.
H0: Choice of game is independent of gender (A1)
H1: Choice of game is not independent of gender (A1)
Degree of freedom: (3 – 1)(2 – 1) = 2 (A1)
( f 0  f e ) 2 (39  32.9) 2
2    ......
fe 32.9 (M2)
= 7.77 (3 s.f.) [or 7.79 from GDC] (A1)
But  5% (2) = 5.99 (from table)

2
(M1)
2 = 7.77 >  5% (2) and we do reject H0

2
(A1)(R1)
Hence: Choice of game is dependent on gender. (A1) 13

(b) (i) The frequency for males choosing Billiards is less than 5(R1)
(ii) Snooker – In order to preserve the diversity of games (R1)
OR
Darts – it has the next smallest number of members (R1) 2
31
(c) (i) 122 or 0.254 (3 s.f.) (A1)
72
(ii) 122 or 0.590 (3 s.f.) (A1) 2
[17]
90. (a) (i) 11 (A1) (C1)

(ii) 2+3=5 (A1) (C1)
(iii) 8 + 4 + 6 + 4 = 22 (A1) (C1)
(b)
G T
(A1) (C1)
[4]
91. (a) (i) 0.23 (A1) (C1)

(ii) 0.21 + 0.15 = 0.36 (A1) (C1)
Note: Accept equivalent answers
(b) 1200×0.23 (M1)

= 276 (A1) (C2)
Note: Follow through from candidate’s answer in
part (a)(i)
[4]

3
92. (a) 50 or 6% or 0.06 (A1) (C1)
45 9
(b) 50 or 10 or 90% or 0.9 (A1) (C1)
16 8
(c) 18 or 9 or 0.889 (3 s.f.) (A2) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for 16 and (A1) for 18
[4]
93. (a) (i) = {1, 2, 3... 16} (A1)

Note: If they include 17, award (A0)
(ii) P  Q  R = {4} (A1)
Note: Accept answers without brackets e.g. 4
(b) P  Q: the set of numbers that are either multiples of 4 or factors of 36,
or everything that is in P or Q (or equivalent) (A1)

(c) (i) (A2)
(ii) (A3)
P Q
8 12 2, 3, 6
4
16 1, 9
5, 7, 10, 11, R
13, 14, 15
Note: Follow through with candidate’s list for , P, Q,

R.
Part (i): Award (A1) for the rectangle, (A1) for 3
intersecting circles labelled appropriately
Part (ii): There are 8 regions. If a region contains an
element that it shouldn’t, or does not have an
element that it should, then the region is incorrect.
Award marks as follows:
0 or 1 region incorrect (A3)
2 or 3 regions incorrect (A2)
4 or 5 regions incorrect (A1)
otherwise (A0)
(d) (i) x is a number that is a multiple of 4 or a square number but is(A2)

not a factor of 36
Note: Award (A1) for the explanation of p r, (A1) for
the explanation of  ¬q

(ii)
P Q
(A1)
Note: This shading should appear on the Venn
diagram in part (i)(c)
(iii) (a)
p q r pr ¬q (p  r)  ¬ q
T T T T F F
T T F T F F
T F T T T T
T F F T T T
F T T T F F
F T F F F F
F F T T T T
F F F F T F
(A3)
Note: Award (A1) for p r, (A1) for ¬q and (A1) for

(p r) ¬q (follow through from candidate’s previous
columns).
Award (A3) for last column only, written correctly.
(b) Either 8 or 16 (A1)
Note: Refer to candidate’s Venn diagram, and award
(A1) for any number that appears in the shaded
region
[15]

5
94. (a) (i) p(green) = 10 (A1)
5
(ii) p(not green) = 10 (A1)
1
Note: Accept 2 , 0.5 or 50% for either answer
4
(b) (i) p(GG) = 9 or 0.444 (3 s.f.) (A1)
(ii) p(not green then not green)
5 4

= 10 9 (M1)
20 2
= 90 or 9 or 0.222 (3 s.f.) (A1)
(iii) p(one green and one not green)

5 5 5 5
  
= 10 9 10 9 (M2)
5 5

Note: Award (M1) for 10 9 , (M1) for (×2)
50 5
= 90 or 9 or 0.556 (3 s.f.) (A1)
5 4 3
 
(c) (i) p(3 green) = 10 9 8 (M1)
60 1
= 720 or 12 or 0.0833 (3 s.f.) (A1)
5 5 4
3  
(ii) p(only one green) = 10 9 8 (M2)
5 5 4
 
Note: Award (M1) for 10 9 8 , (M1) for (×3)
300 10 5
= 720 or 0.417 (3 s.f.) or 24 or 12 (A1)

(iii) p(at least one green) = 1 – p(no green)
5 4 3
 
= 1 – 10 9 8 (M1)
60
= 1 – 720
660 11
= 720 or 12 or 0.917 (3 s.f.) (A1)
[15]
95. (a) p(two defective) = 6×0.052×0.952 (M2)

2 2
Note: Award (M1) for 0.05 ×0.95 , (M1) for (×6)
= 0.0135375
= 0.0135 (3 s.f.) (A1)
(b) p(at least one defective) = 1 – 0.954 (M1)

= 0.18549375...
= 0.0185 (3 s.f.) (A1)
[5]
96. (a) AB (A1)

ε
A B
(b) The complement of (A  B) (A1)

ε
A B
(c) The complement of (A  B) (A1)

ε
A B

(d) A  (B  C) (A1)
ε
A B
C
[4]
4
97. (a) 9 (A2)
2
(b) 9 (A2)
[4]
38
98. (a) Rugby: sector angle = 180 ×360° (M1)
= 76° (A1)
43
(b) p(Hockey) = 180 or 0.239 (3 s.f.) (A2)
[4]
99. (a)
X Y
(A1) 1
Note: Award (Al) for a diagram correctly labelled with
X, Y and .
(b) (i) (X  Y) = {6, 12} (A1)

(ii) X  Y = {2, 4, 8, 10, 14} (A2) 3
(c) (X  Y) = (X  Y) = {l, 5, 7, 11, 13} (A1)

n(X  Y) = 5 (A1) 2
[6]

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Available Formats

1.

(a) –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2 (A1) (C1)

(b) 0.4 × 0.8 + 0.6 × 0.7 (A1)(ft)(M1)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 1

= 0.74 (A1)(ft) (C3)

3. (a) 1 (one) (A1) (C1)

(b) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 (A1) (C1)

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(A1) for rectangle and three labelled intersecting circles

(b) 48–(8 + 10 + 17) or equivalent (M1)

(c) 50 – (27 + 10 + 13) (M1)

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(d) customer satisfaction is independent of café (A1)

(f) 0.754 (G2)

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8. (a) 17 (A1) (C1)

(c) 60 – (35 – 17) – (28 – 17) – 17 (M1)

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(b) P(late) = 0.25 × 0.1 + 0.75 × 0.05 (A1)(ft)(M1)

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12. (a) 0.8 = 0.5 + 0.6 – P(A  B) (M1)

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15. (a) (i) 6, 9, 12 (A1) (C1)

(ii) 9 (A1)(ft) (C1)

(b) any element from {5, 7, 8, 10, 11} (A1)(A1)(ft) (C2)

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(A1) for rectangle and three intersecting circles

(b) 100 – (9 + 12 + 13 + 15 + 10 + 17 + 8) = 16 (M1)(A1)(ft)(G2)

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18. (a) P(A  B) = 0 (A1) (C1)

(b) P(A  B) = P(A) × P(B)

19. (a) (i) m=1 (A1)

(ii) n=3 (A1) (C2)

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21. (a) 3 (A1)

(b) For 5, 4, 7 (0) seen with no extra values (A1)

(e) (i) 21 + 3x = 33 (M1)

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(b) 100 – 81 (M1)

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(b) 0.7 × 0.1

(c) 0.3 × 0.8 + 0.07 (M1)

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(b) Modal group = 3800  w < 4000 (A1) (C1)

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(b) 96 (A1) (C1)

UP (c) 3  weight  4 kg. (Accept 3–4 kg) (A1) (C1)

(d) For adding three heights or subtracting 14 from 96 (M1)

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not shading C or shading A  B (A1)

(b) Identifying the correct 5 numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 (A1)

(b) 0.65  0.1 (= 0.065) (A1)

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Note: (A1) for rectangle with 3 intersecting circles,

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(b) (i) 0.2  0.7 = 0.14 (M1)(A1)(ft)