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CIVIL ENGINEERING
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT STRUCTURES DISCUSSION (FORUM) Q&A QUANTITY SURVEYING
BUKA
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Introduction
In manual operations, laborers used the bar bending bench on which strong Types of Estimate –
nails are xed and GI pipes with suitable lengths to bend the bars. That is used for Types of estimates that
smaller diameter bars. For bending of larger diameter bars, bar bending machine is prepared on various
used. After bending all reinforcement bars were bundled and clearly numbered stages of a project.
according to the bar mark so that steel xers will not face any di culty when xing
them. Trusses and Types of
trusses
Procurement methods in
Construction Industry
While prepared the bar schedule, we used the unit weight of reinforcement bar.
R6 0.222
R10 0.610
T10 0.617
T12 0.888
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T16 1.580
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T20 2.469
In the site several steps were adopted for that purpose. Those are, Use of 12m long
r/f bars rather than using shorter bars. For example 6m bars o cuts of 12m bars
were used to prepare stools, separators etc.
Lapping
Lapping is required when a bar isn’t long enough or a joint is required. Bars may
be deliberately left short for constructability and transportation concerns. The
preferred method of lapping where the two bars overlap each other for some
minimum distance. This distance is called Lap length. These two bars are in
physical contact and wired together. It does not represent an actual bend in the
bar.
Binding Wires
R/f bars are jointed with using wires which is called “binding wires”. Hackers are
used to bind these wires.
Cover Blocks
They were made up of 1:3 ratio of cement mortar. Cover blocks should be
immersed in water for 28 days to get the maximum strength.All the beams were
checked to ensure adequate cover blocks are provided to the bottom and sides of
the beam reinforcement. Main bars of the columns were adjusted to ensure the
covering requirements before concreting. Stools of correct height were used to
maintain the require gap between top and bottom reinforcement nets and cover
blocks were also provided to bottom reinforcement.
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BOQ MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT STRUCTURES DISCUSSION (FORUM) Q&A QUANTITY SURVEYING
Concrete cover for steel bar is much necessary to protect the steel against
corrosion (rusting) and to provide resistance against re.
For R.C.C. Slab and staircase the cover is 20 mm.
SOIL MECHANICS SURVEYING CEMENT DRAWINGS HYDRALIC
For RCC column the cover (To stirrups) 30mm.
In case of underground structures the cover is 50 mm.
In case of beams in superstructure (To stirrups) the cover is 25mm.
In case of ground resting oor slab (Top surface) and retaining walls the cover
is 50m.
Stirrups
Stirrups will be required at areas of high shear, such as bearing points and
below large point loads. Increasing concrete beam spans, to reduce the need for
additional piers, has resulted in the need for the use of steel stirrups. Concrete
beams vary in depth. The deeper the beam, the more shear capacity. When the
depth is not adequate, steel stirrups must be added to increase the shear capacity
of the beam.
These stirrups are usually one piece of steel that is bent into a rectangular
shape. The stirrup typically wraps around the bottom and top bars of the beams. A
designer should specify the size, spacing and location along the length of the
beam where the stirrups are required. In my site specify the stirrup dimensions in
our section drawings, so that the stirrup can be manufactured prior to installation.
The installer should be careful to fabricate the stirrup from one piece of steel and
adequately overlap each end.
Stools
Stools are used to separate the top reinforcement mesh and bottom reinforcement
mesh. Dimension of the Stools could be change as requirement. Those should be
strength enough to bear the loads without changing the gap of two layers. 12 mm
or 16 mm bars are used to make the stools.
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Fig 5: Stools
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Important points to be checked.
BOQ MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT STRUCTURES DISCUSSION (FORUM) Q&A QUANTITY SURVEYING
Size of the bar
Length of the bar
Location of the bar
SOIL MECHANICS SURVEYING CEMENT DRAWINGS HYDRALIC
Position of the bar
Number of bars
Lap lengths
Correct cover of reinforcements and cover blocks
Spacing (in slab reinforcements and stirrups)
Direction of the bars (in slabs)
Dimensions of the element thickness of a slab, depth and width of a beam,
etc…)
Column Reinforcement
The column reinforcement bars should be stared from the Footing. The upper
column reinforcement bars are cranked at the laps and connected. Special care
should be taken in this to ensure the lap lengths. After erection of main
reinforcements, cover blocks were attached to column reinforcements to maintain
the required cover for column reinforcement. Most of Columns centers were
located at intersections of grid lines.
Stirrup spacing
Column stirrups were tightened up to beam bottom level and rest is tightened
once beam reinforcement is fabricated. So Bar benders was instructed how to
provide the stirrups. Mark the stirrup spacing from the basement oor level in the
Column main bars with a chalk as follow the detail drawing.
E.g.:
BOQ MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT STRUCTURES DISCUSSION (FORUM) Q&A QUANTITY SURVEYING
Footing
Beam Reinforcement
Garnfärbemaschinen Zubehör
- Tigges-Edelstahltechnik
Ad Zubehör für Garnfärbeapperate
Färbereimaschinen-Zubehör
tigges-stainless.com
Weitere Infos
First the top most reinforcement bars are hung over the beam formwork and
then the stirrups are placed and bound at correct positions. Thereafter the bottom
reinforcement bars are placed and bound to the stirrups. After that the rest of the
reinforcement bars and tension bars are inserted into the cage according to
structural drawings. Then cover blocks are xed to bottom and side reinforcements
before placing the concrete.
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Lapping is did the place which the tension is didn’t act. Normally 2/3 of the
length is choosing for lapping. When lapping top & bottom re-bar, it is better to
follow the following method.Otherwise, it might cause to reduce the concrete
covering thickness of the topmost& bottom most slab reinforcement.
Because the actual bond stress varies along the length of a bar anchored in a zone
of tension. The main requirement for safety against bond failure is to provide a
su cient extension of the length of the bar beyond the point where the steel is
required to develop its yield stress and this length must be at least equal to its
development length. However, if the actual available length is inadequate for full
development, special anchorages must be provided, such as bends, hooks.
E.g- (Anchorage length 45 d (for top bars),12 d (for bottom bars)) where “d”, “Ø” is
diameter of the Bar.
= 72.5mm
= 827.5 mm
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Slab Reinforcement
First step of the xing of slab reinforcement was placed the bottom most R/F (B1)
of the slab. Before placing the re-bar, correct spacing given in the detailing drawing
were marked by using piece of choke on the slab formwork. After placed the (B1)
R/F then placed the (B2) R/F and bound both R/F layers together by using binding
wire. Then cover blocks for bottom most R/F were xed. Finally, Top R/F (T2),
Topmost R/F (T1)& distribution bars were placed according to the drawing and
xed together by using binding wire. Then Stools were xed to separate the both
top & bottom R/F net as ful lled the thickness.
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BOQ MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT STRUCTURES DISCUSSION (FORUM) Q&A QUANTITY SURVEYING
Bar crank
Bar cranking is the process of bending up the bottom steel bars in upward
direction. It is mainly to prevent upward bending moment near the joint. Also useful
for attaching stirrup bar e ectively. Cranking is also used in two way slabs.
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Bar schedule for Sti ener column, Sill beam and Lintel beam
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Table 5: Bar schedule for Sti ener column, Sill beam and Lintel beam
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COMMENTS
SOIL MECHANICS SURVEYING CEMENT DRAWINGS HYDRALIC
27 comments
Add a comment...
Mirza Waqas
thanks its very helpfull for me...
Like · Reply · 2 · 3y
Sutharsan Vaithiyanathan
Thank you :)
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Abdulkuddhus Kms
Excellent Answer
Like · Reply · 1 · 3y
Sutharsan Vaithiyanathan
Thank you :)
Like · Reply · 3y
Tahir Mahmood
thanks brother
Like · Reply · 2 · 3y
Sutharsan Vaithiyanathan
:)
Like · Reply · 1 · 3y
Sutharsan Vaithiyanathan
Thank you :)
Like · Reply · 3y
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