g. 8.15, left).

Tropari,

an instrument which is a single-shot, micro-mechanical borehole surveying equipment operated

by timing device, was introduced by Pajari Instruments (Canada) in the late 1960s (Fig. 8.15, right).
The attitude (direction and inclination) of the borehole at the survey depth can be obtained using
this instrument. The timer mechanism can be set, depending upon the depth to be surveyed and
the time taken to lower the drill string into the holes. One can set the time in minutes, and keep
the instrument in an aluminum core barrel and lower the drill rods, to a desired depth. After the
time elapsed, the locking mechanism will lock both the compass dial and the inclinometer pin. In
this way, one can determine both the inclination and azimuth of the drill holes. The Tropari
provides magnetic azimuth and inclination readings to an accuracy of 61 /2 degree, ease of use,
easy to transport, cost-efficient surveying, and longevity of instrument if properly maintained.
Various optical and photographic methods of borehole surveying have been developed and
television console has become a useful tool in mineral exploration. Optical Penkopes that can be
lowered in a borehole and the direct observations are made by the operator at surface. Multishot
Borehole survey Camera, of late, is being used widely to survey the deviation, both in azimuth and
in inclination. Borehole photography has been used for a direct record of the hole walls, etc. A
nonmagnetic, electronic multishot assembly (Deviflex) for surveying inside drill holes has been
developed by “Devico.” It is a fairly simple one, employing the wire-line system, with no influence
by the magnetic disturbances (Fig. 8.16). Three accelerometers and four strain gauges constitute
two independent measuring systems, to calculate the changes in azimuth and inclination. It also
records and stores gravity vector, temperature, battery capacity, etc. All these results are viewable
on the PDA screen in the field. It is also reported that an advanced multishot borehole survey
instrument, “Devishot” (developed by Devico) is available that records azimuth, inclination, gravity
vector, magnetic field vector, magnetic dip, etc. FIGURE 8.15 (Left) Old method of using HF etch
tube and compass for surveying borehole; (right) borehole survey equipment “Tropari.” Source:
Courtesy from Pajari Instruments. 8.19 SURVEYING BOREHOLES 225 ESSENTIALS OF MINERAL
EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION 8.20 DRILL SECTIONS Analogous to cross sections, drill sections
are constructed which show drill holes in a vertical profile in order to interpret drill data. By
creating topographic profile, drill sections are also constructed in the same manner as that of
geological cross sections. The collar locations are plotted along topographic profile. The drill holes
are plotted: a vertical hole will plot as a vertical line on the drill section and an angular hole
showing appropriate inclination. The scale of the drill section will determine the length of line
representing the drill holes. Whenever the boreholes are located away from the drill section line, it
is necessary to project them onto the plane of drill section. The projection is done along a line
perpendicular to drill section line (Fig. 8.17). “If the inclined drill hole does not FIGURE 8.16
Multishot borehole survey assembly. Source: Courtesy from Devico. FIGURE 8.17 Map showing the
projection of several drill hole collar locations onto drill section line