Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Transformation of Functionda
Transformation of Functionda
OF FUNCTIONS
By Binita Bhatia
Learning objectives
■ When certain operations are performed on a given function f, then a new function is
formed and the graph of this new function is called a transformation of the graph of
f.
Relation between two function f(x) –
Vertical Translation
y=f(x) and y=f(x)±b
2 2
y=𝑥 and y=𝑥 ±2
x y=𝑥 2 y=𝑥 2 +2 y=𝑥 2 -2
-2 4 6 2
-1 1 3 -1
0 0 2 -2
y=𝑥 2
1 1 3 -1 y=𝑥 2 +2
2 4 6 2 y=𝑥 2 -2
-3 9 25 1
-2 4 16 0
-1 1 9 1
0 0 4 4
1 1 1 9 y=𝑥 2
y=(𝑥 − 2)2
2 4 0 16 y=(𝑥 + 2)2
3 9 1 25
▪ Therefore, the graph of y=(𝑥 − 2)2 shifted two units to the right.
And, the graph of y=(𝑥 + 2)2 shifted two units to the left.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y= f(-x)
y = −𝑥 −𝑥
𝑥
Horizontal Reflections
y= -f(x)
y=- 𝑥 − 𝑥
0 0 0 0
𝜋 1 3 1
2 3
0 0 0
3 -1 -3 −1
2 3 y=sin(𝑥)
2 0 0 0 y=3 sin 𝑥
y=1 sin 𝑥
3
■ If p >1 the function gets "taller“(stretched) if p <1 the function gets "shorter.“ (compressed)
Stretch and Compressed horizontally by a
factor of q
x y=sinx y=sin(3x) 1
y = f(qx) y=sin( x)
3
𝑥 0 0 0 0
y=f( ) = f(3x) =sin(3x) 𝜋
= 0.52 0.5 1 0.174
1/3 6
𝜋
= 1.05
3
=0.866 0 0.34
3 2
𝜋 1 -1 0.5
= 1.57
2
2𝜋 3 0 0.643
= 2.09 =0.866
3 2
5𝜋 0.5 1 0.766
y =sin(x) = 2.62
6
y=sin(3x)
y=sin(1 x) = 3.14 0 0 3
=0.866
3 2
■ When q >1 the function will get "longer" (stretched) and when q < 1 the function will "squish“ (compressed)
Transformations of function f(x)
Type of Transformation Equation Result
Moves the function b units, |b| units up
Vertical Translation y=f(x)+b
(b>0) or down (b<0)
Moves the function a units, |a| units left
Horizontal Translation y=f(x−a)
(a>0) or right (a<0)
Vertical Reflection y=f(-x) Reflects the function over the y-axis
■ g(x) = f(x-2)
■ g(x)= 4f(x)
■ g(x) = f(½x)
■ g(x) = -f(x)
The point (-12, 4) is on the graph of y =
f(x). Find a point on the graph of y = g(x).