Muhammad Tabish Assignment no: 03 02-134182-055

NAME: Muhammad Tabish

Enrollment no: 02-134182-055
BS CS 4B
DCN Assignment no: 03
Muhammad Tabish Assignment no: 03 02-134182-055

Table 1: Comparison Chart of Multiplexing Methods

Comparison Item FDM TDM

Definition A Technique that allows A Technique that permits the

transmission of multiple signals flow of multiple data signals
using different frequencies slots over a communication in
over a common link. different time domains.
Multiplexing Technique Analog Digital
Synchronization Not Needed Necessary
Complexity Level Complex Comparatively Simple
Cross Talk Exist Doesn’t Exist
Cost High Comparatively low
Efficiency Less More efficient than FDM system

Reference: https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-fdm-and-tdm.html
Muhammad Tabish Assignment no: 03 02-134182-055

Table 2: Ethernet Information

Comparison Item Description

5-4-3-2-1 Rule The 5-4-3-2-1 rule limits the range of a collision
domain by limiting the propagation delay to a
"reasonable" amount of time. The rule breaks
down as follows:
5 - the number of network segments
4 - the number of repeaters needed to join the
segments into one collision domain
3 - the number of network segments that have
active (transmitting) devices attached
2 - the number of segments that do not have active
devices attached
1 - the number of collision domains
Because the last two elements of the recipe follow
naturally from the others, this rule is sometimes
also known as the "5-4-3" rule for short.
Preamble bytes Preamble is a 7 Byte field in the Ethernet frame
which helps to receiver to know that it is an actual
data (Ethernet Frame) and not some random noise
in the transmission medium. It acts like a doorbell
telling about the incoming data. It is a 7 Byte long
pattern of 10101010 to let the receiver know that
this is not just random bits on the line. 
SFD Byte This is a 1-Byte field which is always set to
10101011. SFD indicates that upcoming bits are
starting of the frame, which is the destination
address.
MAC address Stands for "Media Access Control Address," and
no, it is not related Apple Macintosh computers.
A MAC address is a hardware identification
number that uniquely identifies each device on a
network. The MAC address is manufactured into
every network card, such as an Ethernet card
or Wi-Fi card, and therefore cannot be changed
Data and padding bytes Padding is something that you need when you are
putting a variable-length data in a fixed-length
blocks.

A lot of data processing operations can only work

with fixed-size data units. For some network
protocols, this is a choice motivated by
performance. For encryption, it is motivated by
Muhammad Tabish Assignment no: 03 02-134182-055

the mathematics. For databases, it’s about trade-

offs, and so on.

So let’s say you send a message to your friend.

The message is 2317 bytes long, but the blocks
that the messaging protocol uses are 1000 bytes.
You use two full blocks and then you are left with
317 bytes. So you store 317 bytes in the third
block, but you still need to provide something to
fill the remaining 683 bytes. This is “padding”.

FCS Bytes Frame check sequence (FCS) refers to the extra

bits and characters added to data packets for error
detection and control.

Network data is transmitted in frames. Each frame

Cat5 Cable: Application and BW
is comprised of bits of data appended to the
header, which holds basic information such as
source and destination media access control
(MAC) addresses and application
Application: The primary use of Cat 5 cables lies
in structured cabling for computer networks like
Ethernet over twisted pair. This particular cable
standard provides performance ranging up to a
100 MHz and works for both High-Speed
Ethernet (two wire pair) and Gigabit Ethernet
(four wire pairs). This means that you can use it
for internet applications and other household
network functions too.
Band with (BW): The Cat5 cable provides a
bandwidth of up to 100MHz, and its speed can
range from 10Mbps to a maximum of 100 Mbps

Refrence:
Muhammad Tabish Assignment no: 03 02-134182-055

1. https://www.allinterview.com/showanswers/79852/what-is-the-5-4-3-2-1-rule-
of-network-design.html
2. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-use-of-the-preamble-in-an-Ethernet-
frame
3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ethernet-frame-format/
4. https://techterms.com/definition/macaddress
5. https://www.quora.com/What-is-padding-in-data-communication-and-what-is-
the-usage-of-it
6. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24793/frame-check-sequence
7. https://www.shireeninc.com/complete-guide-to-cat-5-and-6-cables-their-
advantages-and-applications