Namma Kalvi 12th Chemistry Pta Question Papers 217338 PDF

Higher Secondary Second Year
PTA - Model question paper-I 2020

S.SHANMUGAM
STD- XII CHEMISTRY
St.John’s M.H.S.S
ANSWER KEY
PART - I
I. Choose the best answer 15 x 1=15
1. d) (SiO4)4-
2. c) Zone Refining
Namma Kalvi
3. a) HOX > HXO2 >HXO3> HXO4 www.nammakalvi.in
4. b) 6 Cr-O bonds are equivalent
5. b) CO
2
6. b) t log2
3
7. a) 74 %
8. c) PbSO4 on anode is reduced to Pb
9. d) Gel - Butter
10. c) 2 x10-3M
11. b) HCHO > CH3CHO >C6H5CHO >CH3COCH3 >C6H5COC6H5
12. b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
13. c) CH3-CH2-CH2-COCl
14. c)
15. d)  - helical backbone
S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

www.nammakalvi.in PART - II
II. Answer any 6 questions ( Question no.24 is compulsory ) 6 x 2 =12
16. What is the role of depressing agent in froth flotation process ?
When impurities such as ZnS is present in galena (PbS), sodium cyanide (NaCN) is added to depresses
the flotation property of ZnS by forming a layer of zinc complex Na2[Zn(CN)4] on the surface of zinc
sulphide .
17. Why fluorine is more reactive than other halogens?
I) Due to very small size of F there is inter electronic repulsion in F2
II) This is due to the low value of F -F bond dissociation energy.
iii) Fluorine wants to get to a stable 10 electrons to be like Neon.
iv) This is because the valence/ bonding electrons are closer to the nucleus in Fluorine than
they are Chlorine and others and thus more strongly attracted Fluorine is most electronegative,
thus it is most reactive.
18. Define solubility product
The solubility product of a compound is defined as the product of the molar concentration of the
constituent ions, each raised to the power of its stoichiometric co – efficient in a balanced equilibrium
equation.
19. Peptising agent is added to convert precipitate into colloidal solution. Explain with an example.
When peptising agent is added to freshly prepared precipitate, it changes into colloidal sol. It is called
peptisation. During peptisation, the precipitate adsorbs one of the ions of the electrolyte on its surface
For example,
when we add a small volume of very dilute hydrochloric acid solution(peptizing agent) to a
fresh precipitate of aluminum hydroxide
20. A conductivity cell has two platinum electrodes separated by a distance 1.5 cm and the cross
sectional area of each electrode is 4.5 sq cm. Using this cell, the resistance of 0.5 N electrolytic
solution was measured as 15 . Find the specific conductance of the solution.
21. Is it possible to oxidise t – butyl alcohol using acidified dichromate to form a carbonyl
compound.
i) Tertiary alcohol does not allow for their oxidation because of absence a- hydrogen atom
ii) This is why tertiary alcohols are said to be resistant to oxidation But at elevated temperatures it
possible to oxidise, under strong oxidising agent like acidified K2Cr2O7/ H + cleavage of C –C bond
takes place to give a mixture of carboxylic acid like formic acid and acetic acid.
22. How will you prepare Malachite green dye from benzaldehyde?
23. i) In decreasing order of the pKb values : C2H5NH2 , C6H5 NHCH3 , (C2H5 )2 NH and CH3NH2
ii) Increasing order of basic strength : C6H5 NH2 ,C6H5N(CH3)2 , C2H5 )2 NH and CH3 NH2
i) Larger the value of Kb or smaller the value of pKb , stronger is the base.
i) In C6H5NHCH3 is less basic than ((C2H5)2NH and C2H5NH2 due to the delocalization of the lone
pair in the former two. Further, among C6H5NHCH3 the former will be more basic due to the + I
effect of -CH3 group. Hence, the order of increasing basicity of the given compounds is as follows:
C6H5NHCH3 < CH3NH2 < C2H5NH2 < (C2H5)2NH

We know that the higher the basic strength, the lower is the pKb values.
C6H5NHCH3 > CH3NH2 > C2H5NH2 > (C2H5) 2NH
ii) Increasing order of basic strength :
ii) C6H5N(CH3)2 is more basic than C6H5NH2 due to the presence of the + I effect of two - CH3 group
in C6H5N(CH3)2 Further CH3NH2 contains one - CH3group while (C2H5)2NH contains two - C2H5
group. Thus, (C2H5)2NH is more basic than CH3NH2 Now C6H5N(CH3)2 is less basic than CH3NH2
because of the - R effect of - C6H5 group. Hence, the increasing order of the basic strength of the given
compounds is as follows
C6H5NH2 < C6H5N(CH3)2 < CH3NH2 < (C2H5)2NH
24. A hydride of 2nd period alkali metal(X) on reaction with compound of Boron (Y) to give a
reducing agent (Z).Identify X, Y and Z.
A hydride of 2nd period alkali metal is - LIH
4LiH + BF3 LiBH4 + 3LiF
X - is lithium hydride (LiH) Y - is boron trifluoride (BF3) Z - is lithium borohydride (LiBH4)

Lithium borohydride is used in organic synthesis as a reducing agent for esters.
PART - III
III. Answer any 6 questions( Question no.33 is compulsory) 6 x 3 = 18
25. Show that sulphuric acid is a dehydrating agent, by giving suitable examples.
It is highly soluble in water and has strong affinity towards water and hence it can be used as a dehy
drating agent. When dissolved in water, it forms mono (H2SO4.H2O) and dihydrates (H2SO4.2H2O)
and the reaction is exothermic
C12H22O11 + H2SO4 12C + H2SO4 .11H2O
Sulphuric acid reacts with sucrose to produce carbon and hydrated sulphuric acid.

26. What are interstitial compounds? How they differ from the properties of its pure metals?
An interstitial compound or alloy is a compound that is formed when small atoms like hydrogen, boron,
carbon or nitrogen are trapped in the interstitial holes in a metal lattice .
eg) TiC, ZrH , MnN etc
Differ from the properties of its pure metalsis
(i) They are hard and show electrical land thermal conductivity
(ii) They have high melting points higher than those of pure metals
(iii) Transition metal hydrides are used as powerful reducing agents
(iv) Metallic carbides are chemically inert.
27. What is crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE)?
The crystal field stabilisation energy is defined as the energy difference of electronic configurations in
theligand filed (ELF) and the isotropic field/ barycentre (Eiso).
CFSE(Eo) = ELF Eiso
= { [ nt2g (-0.4) + neg (0.6)] o + npP} - { n'pP}
nt2g - is the number of electrons in t2gorbitals
neg - is number of electrons in eg orbitals
npis number of electron pairs in the ligand field
n’ pis the number of electron pairs in the isotropic field (barycentre).

28. Differentiate crystalline solids and amorphous solids
29. What is the role of adsorption in the heterogeneous catalysis?

Role of adsorption in heterogeneous catalysis-
i) Diffusion of reactants to the surface of the catalyst.
ii) Adsorption of reactant is on the surface of the catalyst.
iii)The chemical reaction can occur at the catalyst surface by intermediate formation between them.
iv) Desorption of the product of the reaction is also at the surface of the catalyst.
30. State and derive Ostwald dilution law. www.nammakalvi.in
Ostwald’s dilution law relates the dissociation constant of the weak acid (K a ) with its degree of
dissociation () and the concentration (C).
31. Name the vitamins whose deficiency cause

i) Pellagra ii) Beri-Beri iii) Night blindness
i) Pellagra (photo sensitive dermatitis)- Vitamin B3(Niacin)
ii) Beri-Beri - Vitamin B1(Thiamine)

iii) Night blindness - Vitamin A( Retinol)
32. What are bio degradable polymers?Give two examples.
The materials that are readily decomposed by microorganisms in the environment are called
biodegradable
Example i) Polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB)
ii) Polyglycolic acid (PGA),
iii) Polylactic acid (PLA)
S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S

33. Explain the mechanism of cannizaro reaction
PART - IV
IV . Answer all the questions 5 x 5 = 25
34. a) Mention the main assumption of valence bond theory of coordination compounds.
1. The ligand . metal bond in a coordination complex is covalent in nature. It is formed by sharing of
electrons (provided by the ligands) between the central metal atom and the ligand.
2. Each ligand should have at least one filled orbital containing a lone pair of electrons.
3. In order to accommodate the electron pairs donated by the ligands, the central metal ion present in a
complex provides required number (coordination number) of vacant orbitals.
4. These vacant orbitals of central metal atom undergo hybridisation, the process of mixing of atomic
orbitals of comparable energy to form equal number of new orbitals called hybridised orbitals with same
energy.
5. The vacant hybridised orbitals of the central metal ion, linearly overlap with filled orbitals of the ligands to
form coordinate covalent sigma bonds between the metal and the ligand.
6. The hybridised orbitals are directional and their orientation in space gives a definite geometry to the
complex ion.
sp - Linear sp2 - Trigonal planar
sp3 - Tetrahedral dsp2 - Square planar
dsp3 - Trigonal bipyramidal sp3d2 - Octahedral

(OR)
b) i) Justify the position of lanthanides and actinoids in the periodic table
The position of Lanthanoids in the periodic table
i) The actual position of Lanthanoids in the periodic table is at group number 3 and period number 6.
However, in the sixth period after lanthanum, the electrons are preferentially filled in inner 4f sub shell
and these fourteen elements following lanthanum show similar chemical properties.
ii) Therefore these elements are grouped together and placed at the bottom of the periodic table.
The position of actinoids in the periodic table
i) Similarly the fourteen elements following actinium resemble in their physical and chemical properties.
ii) If we place these elements after Lanthanum in the periodic table below 4d series, the properties of the
elements belongs to a group would be different and it would affect the proper structure of the periodic
table.
ii) What is the hybridisation in XeOF2? Give its structure
XeOF2 involves sp3d hybridization.

The two lone pairs of electrons are at the corners of triangle and the molecule has T shape.
35. a) i) Which is known as inorganic benzene? How it is prepared?

When treated with excess ammonia at low temperatures diborane gives diboranediammonate. On
heating at higher temperatures it gives borazole
ii) What is the role of graphite rods in the electro metallurgy of Aluminium?
i) In the synthesis of aluminium from electrometallurgically, graphite rod is used as an anode and
graphite made line iron is used as cathode.
ii) During the electrolysis process, aluminium is liberated at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.
iii) Oxygen reacts with the graphite anode and forms CO and CO 2.
This prevents the oxygen evolved from oxidizing aluminium formed. Also, for the fact that graphite is
the cheapest means of pure carbon, it is advantageous to use it.
(OR) www.nammakalvi.in
b) i) Write any three differences between order and molecularity.
Order of a reaction Molecularity of a reaction

1. It is the sum of the powers of concentration It is the total number of reactant
species terms involved in the experimentally that are involved in an elementary
step.determined rate law.
2. It can be zero (or) fractional (or) integer It is always a whole number, cannot
be zero or a fractional number.
3. It is assigned for a overall reaction. It is assigned for each elementary
step of mechanism.
ii) What are the two types of buffer solution? Give example for each type.
There are two types of buffer solutions.
1. Acidic buffer solution : a solution containing a weak acid and its salt.
Example : solution containing acetic acid and sodium acetate
2. Basic buffer solution : a solution containing a weak base and its salt.
Example : Solution containing NH4OH and NH4Cl
36. a) i) What are the conventions used in Galvanic cell notation
The galvanic cell is represented by a cell diagram, for example, Daniel cell is represented as
Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq)  Cu2+(aq) | Cu(s)

i) In the above notation, a single vertical bar (|) represents a phase boundary and the double
vertical bar (||) represents the salt bridge.
ii) The anode half cell is written on the left side of the salt bridge and the cathode half cell on the right
side.
iii)The anode and cathode are written on the extreme left and extreme right, respectively.
(OR)

ii) What is intercalation?
In chemistry, intercalation is the reversible inclusion or insertion of a molecule (or ion) into materials
with layered structures.
Examples are found in graphite and transition metal dichalcogenides.
(OR)
b) i) Define Emulsification and Deemulsification.
i) The process of preparation of emulsion by the dispersal of one liquid in another liquid is called
Emulsification
Most of the lyophillic colloids also act as emulsifiers. Example: glue, gelatine
ii) Emulsion can be separated into two separate layers. The process is called Deemulsification.
Destroying the emulsifier using chemical methods.
ii) Write Debye - Huckel and sagar equation for a uni-univalent electrolyte
For a uni – univalent electrolyte the Debye Huckel and Onsager equation is given below.
0 0
m m (A B m ) C
Where A and B are the constants which depend only on the nature of the solvent and temperature.
The expression for A and B are
82.4 8.20 105

A and B 3
DT DT
37. a) How the following conversion are effected?
i) Nitro benzene N- phenyl hydroxyl amine
ii) Propanamide Propan-1-amine

CH3–CH2-CH2-CONH2 + Br2+ 4 NaOH CH3–CH2-CH2-NH2 + 2Na2CO3+ 2NaBr + 2H2O.
iii) Aniline p-nitroaniline

(OR)
b) i) What are enzymes?Explain the mechanism of enzyme action.
Th ere are many biochemical reactions that occur in our living cells. Digestion of food and harvesting the
energy from them, and synthesis of necessary molecules required for various cellular functions are
examples for such reactions. All these reactions are catalysed by special proteins called enzymes.
Mechanism of enzyme action:
Enzymes are biocatalysts that catalyse a specifi c biochemical reaction. Th ey generally activate the
reaction by reducing the activation energy by stabilising the transition state.
E + S  [ES]
Enzyme Substate Enzyme - substrate complex
[ES] E+P
ii) What happens when fructose is partially reduced with sodium amalgam and water?
Partial reduction of fructose with sodium amalgam and water produces mixtures of sorbitol and mannitol
which are epimers at the second carbon. New asymmetric carbon is formed at C-2. This confirms the
presence of a keto group.
38. a) i) Atom X and Y from BCC crystalline structure.Atom X is present at the corners of the cube
and Y is at the centre of cube. What is the formula of the compound?
1
X =8 = 1(at corner)
8
Y = 1x1=1(at body center)
So the formula of compound is =XY.
ii) A carbonyl compound A having molecular formula C5H10O forms crystalline precipitate with
sodium bisulphite and gives positive iodoform test. A does not reduce fehling
solution.Identify’A’
Molecular formula of the compound is C5H10O, Since the compound does not reduces Fehling
solution Which means it is not an aldehyde, it is a ketone
Since the compound gives positive iodoform test it must contain - methyl group . Hence Methyl
ketone is Compound A is 2-pentanone
O
CH3- C- CH2- CH2- CH3

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b) A ether (A) C5H12O when heated with excess of hot concentration HI, produced two alkyl
halides, which on hydrolysis forms compound (B) and (C).Oxidation of (B) gives an acid (D)
where as oxidation of (C) gives ketone (E).Identify A,B,C,D and E and write the chemical
equation.
A ether (A) C5H12O when heated with excess of hot concentration HI, produced two alkyl
halides (B & C)
CH3
Conc HI
CH3- CH2- O - CH - CH3 CH3- CH2- I + CH3 - CH - CH3
Hot
A B I C
Hydrolysis compound B to give ethanol
CH3- CH2- I Hydrolysis

CH3- CH2- OH
aq KOH
Hydrolysis compound C to give 2-propanol
CH - CH - CH Hydrolysis CH3 - CH - CH3
3 3
aq KOH
I OH
Compound ‘B’ on Oxidation to give compound (D ) is carboxylic acid
(D)
(B)
Compound ‘C’ on Oxidation to give compound (E) is ketone
(C) (E)
1. Compound - A 2-ethoxy propane

2. p Compound oA - 2-ethoxy propane
Compound B - iodoethane
Compound C - 2-iodopropane
Compound D - Acetic acid
Compound E - propanone
4. Compound - D Aceticacid
5. S.SHANMUGAM
Compound -E ,
propanone
St.John’s M.H.S.S
1. Compound - A 2-ethoxy
porur Chennai propane
-116
Mob: 9841945665
2. Compound - B iodoethane
3. Compound - C 2-iodopropane
4. Compound - D Aceticacid
5. Compound - E propanone
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PTA - Model question paper-II 2020
STD- XII CHEMISTRY
ANSWER KEY
S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116
PART - I
1. a) [Ni(CO)4] Tetrahedral, Paramagnetic
2. a) 1
3. a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explaination of assertion
4. b) +3
5. d) electromagnetic separation
6. b) Catalytic activity of enzymes is decreased by coenzymes.
7. d) 6.022x1021
8. a) 0.04
9. c) Second order
10. b) Ionic product < solubility product (Ksp)
11. b) Nylon-6 - { - NH - (CH2)6-NHCO-(CH2)4- CO-}n-
12. b) Nucleoside + Base Nucleotide
13. d) CH3-CONH2
14. d) But-3-en-1-oic acid
15. c) 4-nitrophenol
PART - II
16. [Fe(CN)6]4- and [Fe(H2O)6]2+ are of different colours in dilute solutions.why?
.[Fe(CN)6] 4– and [Fe(H2O)6] 2+ show different colours in dilute solution because
(1) CN– is a strong field ligand and H2O is a weak ligand hence magnitude of CFSE is different
(2) both CN– and H2O absorb same wavelength of energy

(3) complexes of weak field ligands are generally colourless
(4) the sizes of CN– and H2O are different hence their colours are also different.
17. Which is more basic among Lu(OH)3 and La(OH)3? why?
La(OH)3 is most basic and Lu(OH)3 is least basic. Due to lanthanide contraction. As the size of
lanthanide ions decreses from La3+ to Lu3+ , the covalent character of the hydroxides increases and
hence the basic strength decreases.
✁✂ ✄☎✆ ✆✝✞✞ ✟☎✠ ✡☛☞✡✌☛☞ ✍✎✞☎☛✝✏☞ ✝✏ ✑✎☞ ✞✌✒☎☛✌✑☎☛✟✓
Chlorine is prepared by the action of conc. sulphuric acid on chlorides in presence of manganese
dioxide.
4NaCl + MnO + 4H2SO4 Cl2 + MnCl2+ 4NaHSO4+ 2H2O
19. What are the characteristics of adsorption?
1. Adsorption can occur in all interfacial surfaces i.e. the adsorption can occur in between gas-solid, liq uid
solid, liq uid-liq uid, solid- solid and gas-liq uid.
2.. Adsorption is a spontaneous process and it is always accompanied by decrease in free energy. W hen
G reaches zero, the eq uilibrium is attained.
3. W hen molecules are adsorbed, there is always a decrease in randomness of the molecules.
ie., S<0, and TS is negative. Hence, adsorption is exothermic.
20. What is B uffer index ()?
It is defined as the number of gram eq uivalents of acid or base added to 1 litre of the buffer
solution to change its pH by unity
dB
d(pH)
dB = number of gram eq uivalents of acid / base added to one litre of buffer solution.
d(pH) = The change in the pH after the addition of acid / base.
21. Write the structure of  -D(+) Glucopyranose.
22. Write the chemical equation for oxidation of ethylene glycol with periodic acid.
23. How the transquiliz ers work in body?

i) They are neurologically active drugs.
ii) Acts on the central nervous system by blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain.

✔✕✖ ✗✘✙ ✚✙✛✜✢✣✤✥ ✦✥(s) + Co2+  Co(s) + Z n2+ occurs in a cell.Compute the standard emf of the cell.
Giv en that Eo Z n/ Z n2+
= +0.76 V and EoCo/ Co2+ = + 0.28 V
Z n(s) + Co2+  Co(s) + Z n2+
Oxidation potential of Co2+ ion is change into reduction potential

+0.28 V = -0.28V
Eo cell= Eooxidation(Z n/ Z n2+)
+ Eoreduction(Co2+/ Co)
Eo cell = +0.76 + (-0.28)
Eo cell = + 0.48 V
This reaction is feasible

PART - III
III. Answer any 6 questions ( Question no.33 is compulsory) 6 x 3 = 18
25. Explain the following terms with suitable example.
a) Gangue b) Slag
a) Gangue:✧G ★✩✪ ✫✬✪✭ ✮✬✪ ✮✭✭✫✯✰✮★✪✱ ✲✰★✩ ✳✫✳✴✪★✮✵✵✰✯ ✰✴✶✷✬✰★✰✪✭✧ ✬✫✯✸✹ ✴✮★✪✬✰✮✵✭ ✮✳✱
enerally
siliceous matter which are collectively known as gangue.
b) Slag In this extraction, a basic flux, limestone (CaO) is used. Since the silica gangue present in the
ore is acidic in nature, the limestone combines with it to form calcium silicate (slag).
CaO(s) + SiO2(s) CaSiO3(s)
26. Write note on Z eolites.
i) Z eolites are three-dimensional crystalline solids containing aluminium, silicon, and oxygen in their
regular three dimensional framework.
ii) They are hydrated sodium alumino silicates with general formula NaO.(Al2O3).x(SiO2).yH2O
(x=2 to 10; y=2 to 6).
iii) Z eolites have porous structure in which the monovalent sodium ions and water molecules are
loosely held. The Si and Al atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated with each other through shared
oxygen atoms.
iv) Z eolites have a three dimensional crystalline structure looks like a honeycomb consisting of a
network of interconnected tunnels and cages .
27. Mention the uses of Helium and Argon.
Helium:
1. Helium and oxygen mixture is used by divers in place of air oxygen mixture. This prevents the
painful dangerous condition called bends.
2. Helium is used to provide inert atmosphere in electric arc welding of metals
3. Helium has lowest boiling point hence used in cryogenics (low temperature science).
4. It is much less denser than air and hence used for filling air balloons
Argon: Argon prevents the oxidation of hot filament and prolongs the life in filament bulbs

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28. Calculate the percentage efficiency of pack ing in body centered cubic system.
29. What are electrochemical series? How is it useful to predict corrosion?

The standard aq ueous electrode potential at 298K for various metal - metal ion electrodes are
arranged in the decreasing order of their standard reduction potential.This series is called electro
chemical series.
Useful to predict corrosion
i. Coating metal surface by paint.
ii. Galv aniz ing - by coating with another metal such as zinc. zinc is stronger oxidising agent
than iron and hence it can be more easily corroded than iron. i.e., instead of iron, the zinc is
oxidised.
iii. Cathodic protection - In this techniq ue, unlike galvanising the entire surface of the metal to
be protected need not be covered with a protecting metal. Instead, metals such as Mg or zinc
which is corroded more easily than iron can be used as a sacrificial anode and the iron material
acts as a cathode. So iron is protected, but Mg or Z n is corroded.
30.
31. An organic compound (A) on reduction giv es compound (B ).(B ) on treatment with CHCl3 and
alcoholic KOH giv es (C).(C) on catalytic reduction giv es N-methyl aniline.Identify A,B ,C and
write its equation.
32. i) How will you prepare benz oic acid from toluene?
ii) Write two tests to identify carboxylic acid
i) preparation benz oic acid from toluene
ii) Tests for carboxylic acid group

i) In aq ueous solution carboxylic acid turn blue litmus red.
ii) Carboxylic acids give brisk effervescence with sodium bicarbonate due to the evolution
of carbon-di -oxide.
iii) W hen carboxylic acid is warmed with alcohol and Con H2SO4 it forms an ester, which is detected by
its fruity odour.
33. Deriv e Arhenius equation to calculate activ ation energy from the rate constant k 1
and k 2
at
temperature T1andT2 respectiv ely.
PART - IV
34. a) i) Mention the characteristic of interhalogen compounds.
ii) Out of cok e and CO, which is better reducing agent for the reduction of Z nO? Why?
Characteristic of interhalogen compounds.
i. The central atom will be the larger one
ii. It can be formed only between two halogen and not more than two halogens.
iii. Fluorine can’ t act as a central metal atom being the smallest one
iv. Due to high electronegativity with small size fluorine helps the central atom to attain high
coordination number
v. They can undergo the auto ionization
vi. They are strong oxidizing agents

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ii) Out of cok e and CO, which is better reducing agent for the reduction of Z nO? Why?
From Ellingham diagram:

Coke is definitely the better reducing agent for the reduction of zinc oxide (Z nO) than (CO). The G ibbs
free energy of formation becomes lower at temperatures above 1273 K, for CO2 from C. In case of CO2
from CO, the G ibbs free energy of formation is always higher than Z nO.
(OR)
b) Describe the preparation of Potassium dichromate
Potassium dichromate is prepared from chromate ore.
The ore is concentrated by grav ity separation
i) Conv ersion of Chromate ore into Sodium chromate
4FeO.Cr2O3 + 8Na2CO3 + 7O2 900 1000o C 8Na2CrO4 + 2Fe2O3 + 8CO2
ii) Conv ersion of Sodium chromate into Sodium di chromate

2Na2CrO4 + H2SO4 Na2Cr2O7 + Na2Cr2O7 + Na2SO4 + H2O
iii) Conv ersion of Sodium di chromate into Potassium dichromate
Na2Cr2O7 + 2KCl K2Cr2O7 + 2NaCl
35. a) i) AlCl3 is more stable where as TlCl3 is highly unstable.Why?

Al+3 is more stable than Al+1 while Tl+1 is more stable than Tl+3. Aluminium(III)chloride is stable whereas
thallium(III)chloride is highly unstable and disproportionates to thallium(I) chloride and chlorine gas. This
shows that in thallium the stable lower oxidation state corresponds to the loss of np electrons only and
not ns electrons. Thus in heavier post-transition metals, the outer s electrons (ns) have a tendency to
remain inert and show reluctance to take part in the bonding, which is known as inert pair effect. This
effect is also observed in groups 14, 15 and 16.
ii) Explain the bonding nature in metal carbonyls.
In metal carbonyls, the bond between metal atom and the carbonyl ligand consists of two components.
The first component is an electron pair donation from the carbon atom of carbonyl ligand into a vacant
d-orbital of central metal atom. This electron pair donation forms M σ -bond CO bond sigma bond.
This sigma bond formation increases the electron density in metal d orbitals and makes the metal
electron rich.
In order to compensate for this increased electron density, a filled metal d-orbital interacts with the
empty  ✺ orbital on the carbonyl ligand and transfers the added electron density back to the ligand.
This second component is called p-back bonding.Thus in metal carbonyls, electron density moves from
ligand to metal through sigma bonding and from metal to ligand through pi bonding, this synergic effect
accounts for strong M CO bond in metal carbonyls.
This phenomenon is shown diagrammatically as follows.
(OR)
b) i) What is Nano catalysis? Giv e example.
Nanomaterial-based catalyst. Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts
broken up into metal nanoparticles in order to enhance the catalytic process. Metal nanoparticles have
high surface area, which can increase catalytic activity. Nanoparticle catalysts can be easily separated
and recycled
Examples: include palladium, iron, gold, nickel and platinum nanoparticles.
ii) Explain ‘ f’ centers with a neat diagram.
when NaCl crystals are heated in the presence of sodium vapour, Na+ ions are formed and are
deposited on the surface of the crystal. Chloride ions (Cl-) diffuse to the surface from the lattice point
and combines with Na+ ion. The electron lost by the sodium vapour diffuse into the crystal lattice and
occupies the vacancy created by the Cl- ions. Such anionic vacancies which are occupied by unpaired
electrons are called F-centers.

36. a)i) Deriv e integrated rate law for a first order reaction.

ii) Outline the classification of point defects. www.nammakalvi.in
(OR)
b) i) Deriv e the relationship between pH and pOH.
ii) How solubility product is determined from molar solubility?

Solubility product can be calculated from the molar solubility i.e., the maximum number of moles of
solute that can be dissolved in one litre of the solution.

37. a) i) Write note on Swern oxidation and Schotten-B aumann reaction.
Swern oxidation:
In this method, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as the oxidising agent, which converts alcohols to
ketones / aldehydes.
Schotten-B aumann reaction
ii) How will you prpare acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride from CH3COOH?
(OR)
b) i) Mention the biological importance of Lipids.

B iological importance of lipids
1. Lipids are the integral component of cell membrane. They are necessary of structural integrity of
the cell.
2. The main function of triglycerides in animals is as an energy reserve. They yield more
energy than carbohydrates and proteins.
3. They act as protective coating in aquatic organisms.
4. Lipids of connective tissue give protection to internal organs.
5. Lipids help in the absorption and transport of fat soluble vitamins.
6. They are essential for activation of enzymes such as lipases.
7. Lipids act as emulsifier in fat metabolism.
ii) Write a note on TFM v alue.
Total fatty matter:(TFM)
The quality of a soap is described in terms of total fatty matter (TFM value).
It is defined as the total amount of fatty matter that can be separated from a sample after splitting with
mineral acids., Higher the TFM quantity in the soap better is its quality.
As per BIS standards, Grade-1 soaps should have 76% minimum TFM, while Grade-2 and 3 must
have 70 and 60% , minimum respectively. The other quality parameters are lather, moisture
content, mushiness, insoluble matter in alcohol etc..
38. a) i) The rate of formation of a dimer in a second order reaction is 7.5 x10-3 .mol L -1s -1 at
0.05 mol L-1 monomer concentration. Calculate the rate constant.
ii) Complete the reaction
(x) CH3 - CH = C - CH3 i) O ii) Zn / H O ? (y) CH3COCH3 Mg-Hg /H O ?

3 2 2
CH3
(x)
Y)

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b) An organic compound C3H4(A) on hydration with Hg2+/H2SO4 gives compound(B) which
gives positive iodoform test.Compound (B) heated with NH2-NH2/C2H5ONa to give hydrocarbon
(C). (B) also treated with HCHO in the presence of dil NaOH gives compound(D).Identify A,B,C
and D.Write the chemical reaction involved.
An organic compound C3H4(A) is Propyne on hydration to give Compound (B) is Acetone
it is undergoes positive iodoform test.
Compound (B) heated with NH2-NH2/C2H5ONa to give hydrocarbon (C)
Compound (B) also treated with HCHO in the presence of dil NaOH gives compound (D)
Compound - A Prop-1-yne
Compound - B Acetone
Compound - C Propane
Compound - D 4- Hydroxy butan-2-one.
@S.SHANMUGAM @
St.John’s M.H.S.S
porur Chennai -116
Mob: 9841945665
www.nammakalvi.in

PTA - Model question paper-III 2020
STD- XII CHEMISTRY
ANSWER KEY
1. b) CrO42-
2. c) a = b c ,  =  =90o = 120o
3. b) Antibiotic
4. a) geomentrical and Ionisation
5. c) Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong
6. c) 50 minutes
7. b) It does not react with Grignard reagent
8. b) (CH3)2C = C(CH3)2
1
9. c) ,logk
n
10. b) Thorpe nitrile condensation
11. a) metaboric acid
12. b) LiAlH4 - Wolf-Kishner’s reduction
13. d) Sodium nitrate

14. c) Molar conductance of a solution decreases with increases in dilution
15. b) Al2O3 + 2Cr Cr2O3 + 2Al

PART - II
16. How will you convert Boric acid to boron nitride?
Fusion of urea with B(OH)3, in an atmosphere of ammonia at 800 - 1200 K gives boron nitride.
B(OH)3 + NH3 BN + 3H2O

17. How are the following conversion effected?
a) Hex-3-yne hexan-3-one
H O /H SO
CH3CH2-C C-CH2CH3 2 2 4 CH3CH2-COCH2-CH2CH3
HgSO4
b) Bezaldehyde 2-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid

✁✂ ✄☎✆✝✞✟✆ ✝✠☎ ✡☛☞✝✟✌✍ ✝✠☛✝ ☛✡✡☎☞✝ ✝✠☎ ✌☛✝☎ ✟✡ ✝✠☎ ✌☎☛☞✝✞✟✆✂
✎✏✑✒✓✔ ✏✕✖ ✗✑✏✑✔ ✘✙ ✑✚✔ ✓✔✏✛✑✏✕✑
1.
2. Conc entration of the reac tant
3. Surfac e area of the reac tant
4. T emperature of the reac tion
5 . P resenc e of a c ataly st
19. What are hormones? Give examples
Hormone is an organic substanc e (e.g. a peptide or a steroid) that is sec reted by one tissue. it limits
the blood stream and induc es a phy siologic al response (e.g. growth and metabolism) in other tissues.
I t is an interc ellular signalling molec ule.
1.Chemic ally , hormones may be c lassified as
i) protein (e.g. insulin, epinephrine) ii) steroids (e.g. estrogen, androgen).
2.Hormones are c lassified ac c ording to the distanc e over whic h they ac t as, E ndoc rine
hormones - insulin
P arac rine hormones -interleukin-1 (I L -1)
A utoc rine hormones -interleukin-2 (I L -2).
20. Describe the underlying principle of froth floatation process.
T his method is c ommonly used to c onc entrate sulphide ores suc h as galena (P bS), z inc blende
(Z nS) etc .. I n this method, the metallic ore partic les whic h are preferentially wetted by oil c an be
separated from gangue.
21. What are active centre?
T he surfac e of a c ataly st is not smooth. I t bears steps, c rac ks and c orners. Henc e the atoms on suc h
loc ations of the surfac e are c o-ordinatively unsaturated. So, they have muc h residual forc e of
attrac tion. Suc h sites are c alled ac tive c entres.
22. How nylon-6 is prepared?
Capro lac tam (monomer) on heating at 5 33K in an inert atmosphere with trac es of water gives
amino c arproic ac id whic h poly merises to give ny lon – 6
23. What is Bragg’s equation?

X -R ay diffrac tion analy sis is the most powerful tool for the determination of c ry stal struc ture.T he
inter planar distanc e (d) between two suc c essive planes of atoms c an be c alc ulated using the
following eq uation .
2dsin= n
- is the wavelength of X -ray used for diffrac tion.
 - is the angle of diffrac tion
24. Complete the following P4+ NaOH + H2O
P hosphine is prepared by ac tion of sodium hy drox ide with white phosphorous in an inert atmosphere
of c arbon diox ide or hy drogen.
P4+ 3NaOH + 3H2O 3NaH2PO2 + PH3

PART - III
25. Write the structure and basicity of following oxy acids
i) Hypo phosphoric acid ii) ortho phosphoric acid iii) pyro phosphoric acid
i) Hypo phosphoric acid (H4P2O6)
Basicity is - 4 (no of replaceable -OH is 4)
ii) ortho phosphoric acid(H3PO4)
✜ ✜ ✜ ✢ ✣ ✤✥ ✦ ✣ ✧ ✦ ★ ✣ ✧ ✦ ✥ ✜ ✩ ✪✩ ✜ ✫ (H4P2O7 ✬
26. What is lanthanide contraction?Mention its consequences.

A s we move ac ross 4f series, the atomic and ionic radii of lanthanoids show gradual dec rease with
inc rese in atomic number. T his dec rese in ionic siz e is c alled lanthanoid c ontrac tion.
A. Basicity differences
A s we from Ce3+ to L u3+ , the basic c harac ter of L n3+ ions dec rease. D ue to the dec rease in the siz e
of L n3+ ions, the ionic c harac ter of L n - OH bond dec reases (c ovalent c harac ter inc reases) whic h
results in the dec rease in the basic ity .
B. Similarities among lanthanoids:
I n the c omplete f - series only 10 pm dec rease in atomic radii and 20 pm dec rease in ionic radii is
observed. bec ause of this very small c hange in radii of lanthanoids, their c hemic al properties are
q uite similar.
27. What will be the correct order for the wave lengths of absorption in the visible region and
explain for the following
[Ni(NO2)6]4- ; [Ni(NH3)6]2+ ; [Ni(H2O)6]2+
T he c entral metal ion in all the three c omplex es is the same. T herefore, absorption in the visible
region depends on the ligands. T he order in whic h the CFSE values of the ligands inc reases in the
spec troc hemic al series is as follows:
H2O < NH3 < NO2 -
T hus, the amount of c ry stal-field splitting observed will be in the following order:
Δo <Δ < Δo
(H O) o(NH ) (NO - )
2 3 2
Henc e, the wave lengths of absorption in the visible region will be in the order:
[Ni(H2O)6]2+ > [Ni(NH3)6]2+ > [Ni(NO2)6]4-

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28. What is radius ratio in ionic solid? Tabulate the relation between radius ratio and structural
arrangement in ionic solids
T he ratio of radius of c ation and anion play s an important role in determining the struc ture.
r
C+
Radius ratio = r
A-
29. Write note on standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)

Standard Hy drogen E lec trode (SHE ) is used as the referenc e elec trode. I t has been assigned an
orbitary emf of ex ac tly z ero volt. I t c onsists of a platinum elec trode in c ontac t with 1M HCl solution and
1 atm hy drogen gas. T he hy drogen gas is bubbled through the solution at 25 oC .
SHE c an ac t as a c athode as well as an anode. T he Half c ell reac tions are given below.
30. Calculate the pH of 10-7M HCl.
I f we do not c onsider [ H3O+ ] from the ionisation of H2O, then [ H3O+ ] = [ HCl] = 10-7 M
I n this c ase the c onc entration of the ac id is very low (10-7 M) Henc e, the H3O+ (10-7 M) formed
due to the auto ionisation of water c annot be neglec ted.
[ H3O+ ] = 10-7 (from HCl) + 10-7 (from H2O)
= 10-7 (1 + 1) = 2 x 10-7 ,
pH = - log10 [ H3O+ ]
= - log10([ 2 x 10-7 ) = - [ log 2 + log 10-7 ]
= - log2 - (-7 ). log10

10
= 7 - log 2
= 7 - 0.3010= 6 .6 9 9 0 = 6 .7 0

31. Write short note on
i) Benedict’s solution ii) Knoevenahal reaction.
i) Benedict’s solution:
Benedic ts solution is a mix ture of CuSO4 + sodium c itrate + N aOH. Cu2+ is reduc ed by aldehy de to
give red prec ipitate of c uprous ox ide
CH3CHO + 2Cu2+ + 5OH- CH3COO- + Cu2O + 3H2O
ii) Knoevenahal reaction.
32. Account the following

i) Aniline does not undergo Friedal - crafts reaction
I t does not under go Friedel .Crafts reac tion (alky lation and ac ety lation) we know aniline is basic in
nature and it donates its lone pair to the lewis ac id A lCl3 to form an adduc t whic h inhibits further the
elec trophilic substitution reac tion.
ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water where as aniline is not
E thy lamine is soluble in water owing to its potential to form intermolec ular Hy drogen bonds with water.
On the other hand aniline does not undergo hy drogen bonding bec ause of the presenc e of the
benz ene whic h is highly hy drophobic . T herefore aniline is insoluble in water
iii) Amines are more basic than amides
A mide are weak basic than amine bec ause in amines(R -N H2), nitrogen have lone pair of elec trons
whic h serves to ac c ept proton thatswhy it is basic , while in amide (R CO-N H2) the amine group
bonded with c arbony l group and due to high elec tronegativity of ox y gen N H2 involve in resonanc e
thats why it is less basic than amine
33. An organic compound (A) - C3H8O3 used as sweetening agent, which on oxidation with
Fenton’s reagent gives a mixture of compounds B and C.Identify A,B,&C. Write possible
reactions.
A n organic c ompound (A ) - C3H8O3 is glycerol
Ox idation of gly c erol with Br2/H2O (or) N aOBr (or) Fenton’ s reagent (FeSO4 + H2O2) gives
a mix ture of gly c eraldehy de and dihy drox y ac etone(T his mix ture is named as gly c erose).

PART - IV
34. a) i) Write the IUPAC Name for the compound Na2[Ni(EDTA)]
N a2[ N i(E D T A )] - Sodium 2,2' ,2' ’ ,2' ’ ’ -(ethane-1,2-diy ldinitrilo) tetraac etatonic kelate(I I )
ii) Write note on the structure of diborane.
i) I n diborane two BH 2 units are linked by two bridged hy drogens.
ii) I t has eight B-H bonds.
iii) D iborane has only 12 valanc e elec trons
iv) T he four terminal B-H bonds is 2c -2e bond ( two c entre - two elec tron bond.)
v) T wo three c entred B-H-B bonds utilise two elec trons eac h. (3c -2e).
vi) I n diborne, the boron is sp3 hy bridised
vii) T hree of the four sp3 hy bridised orbitals c ontains single elec tron and the fourth orbital is empty .
(OR)
b) i) What are transition elements? write two characteristics of the transition elements?
E lements whic h in their ground state or in any of their ox idation state have partially filled d-orbital are
c alled transition elements. T he name transition given to the elements of d-bloc k is only bec ause of
their position between s-bloc k and p-bloc k elements.
The two characteristics of transition elements are:
(i) T hey show variable ox idation states.
(ii) T hey generally form c oloured c ompounds.
(iii) T hey are paramagnetic in nature.
(iv)T hey ex hibit c ataly tic properties
(v)T hey form c omplex c ompounds.

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ii) Describe the method for refining of Nickel
Mond process for refining nickel:
T he impure nic kel is heated in a stream of c arbon monox ide at around 35 0 K. T he nic kel reac ts with the
CO to form a highly volatile nic kel tetrac arbony l. T he solid impurities are left behind.
Ni (s) + 4CO (g) [Ni(CO)4] (g)
On heating the nic kel tetrac arbony l around 46 0 K, the c omplex dec omposes to give pure metal.
Ni(CO)4 Ni(s) + 4CO (g)
35. a) i) Why fluorine is more reactive than other halogens?
i) D ue to very small siz e of F there is inter elec tronic repulsion in F2
ii) T his is due to the low value of F -F bond dissoc iation energy .
iii) Fluorine wants to get to a stable 10 elec trons to be like N eon.
iv) T his is bec ause the valenc e/ bonding elec trons are c loser to the nuc leus in F luorine than they are
v) Chlorine and others and thus more strongly attrac ted
vi) Fluorine is most elec tronegative, thus it is most reac tive
ii) What is linkage isomerism? Explain with example.
T his ty pe of isomers arises when an ambidentate ligand is bonded to the c entral metal atom/ion through
either of its two different donor atoms.
E x ample: [ Co(N H3)5 (N O2)] 2+
b) i) Derive integrated rate law for the first order reaction A products
s

✭ii✮✯✰✰✱✲✱✳✴✯✵✴✱ ✲✵✴✱ ✶✰ ✲✱✵✷✴✯✶✳ ✵✳✸ ✲✵✴✱ ✷✶✳✹✴✵✳✴ ✶✰ ✴✺✱ ✲✱✵✷✴✯✶✳
Rate of a reaction :
1
✻ ✼✽ ✾✿❀✾✿❁✿❂✽❁ ✽❃✿ ❁❀✿✿❄ ❅✽ ❆❃❇❈❃ ✽❃✿ ✾✿❅❈✽❅❂✽❁ ❅✾✿ ❈❉❂❊✿✾✽✿❄ ❇❂✽❉ ❀✾❉❄❋❈✽❁ ❅✽ ❅❂● ❇❂❁✽❅❂✽❍
2) I t is measured as dec rease in the c onc entration of the reac tants or inc rease in the c onc entration
of produc ts.
3) I t depends on the initial c onc entration of reac tants.
Rate constant of a reaction :
1) I t is a proportionality c onstant
2) I t is eq ual to the rate of reac tion, when the c onc entration of eac h of the reac tants in unity
3) I t does not depend on the initial c onc entration of reac tants.
36. a) i) What are the general characteristics of catalyst?
1. For a c hemic al reac tion, c ataly st is needed in very small q uantity . G enerally , a pinc h of c ataly st is
enough for a reac tion in bulk.
2. T here may be some phy sic al c hanges, but the c ataly st remains unc hanged in mass and
c hemic al c omposition in a c hemic al reac tion.
3. A c ataly st itself c annot initiate a reac tion. I t means it c an not start a reac tion whic h is not taking
plac e. But, if the reac tion is taking plac e in a slow rate it c an inc rease its rate.
4. A solid c ataly st will be more effec tive if it is taken in a finely divided form.
5 . A c ataly st c an c ataly se a partic ular ty pe of reac tion, henc e they are said to be spec ific in nature.
6 . I n an eq uilibrium reac tion, presenc e of c ataly st reduc es the time for attainment of eq uilibrium and
henc e it does not affec t the position of eq uilibrium and the value of eq uilibrium c onstant.
7 . A c ataly st is highly effec tive at a partic ular temperature c alled as optimum temperature.
8. P resenc e of a c ataly st generally does not c hange the nature of produc ts.

ii) What is the significance of Brownian movement?
I . to c alc ulate A vogadronumber.
I I . to c onfirm kinetic theory whic h c onsiders the c easeless rapid movement of molec ules that
inc reases with inc rease in temperature.
I I I . to understand the stability of c olloids: A s the partic les in c ontinuous rapid movement they do not
c ome c lose and henc e not get c ondensed. T hat is Brownian movement does not allow the partic les to
be ac ted on by forc e of gravity .
(OR)
b) i) State and derive Ostwald dilution law
Ostwald’ s dilution law relates the dissoc iation c onstant of the weak ac id (K a ) with its degree of
dissoc iation () and the c onc entration (c ).

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ii) What are conj ugate acid - base pairs? Give example
T he spec ies that remains after the donation of a proton is a base (Base1)and is c alled the c onj ugate base
of the Bronsted ac id (A c id 1). I n other words, c hemic al spec ies that differ only by a proton are c alled
c onj ugate ac id – base pairs.
37. a) Write short notes on

i) Riemer - Tiemann reaction
ii) dehydration of glycerol
b) i) Write a short note on peptide bond

T he amino ac ids are linked c ovalently by peptide bonds. T he c arbox y l group of the first aminoac id
reac t with the amino group of the sec ond amino ac id to give an amide linkage between these
amino ac ids. T his amide linkage is c alled peptide bond.
ii) Write the mode of action and uses of antacids.Give an example
1) N eutraliz e the ac id in the stomac h that c auses ac idity .
Uses: T o relieve sy mptomssuc h as burningsensation in the c hest/ throat area (heart burns)c aused
by ac id reflux .
Example:Milk of Magnesia, Sodium bic arbonate, c alc ium bic arbonate, aluminium hy drox ide
R anitidine, Cemitidine Omepraz ole,rabepraz ole

38. a) i) Give reason: ICl is more reactive than I2
T his is bec ause interhalogen c ompounds are in general more reac tive than halogens due to weaker
interhalogen X -X bond than X -X bond.
So, I 2 is more stable and less reac tive than I Cl.
ii) Reduction potential of two metals M1 and M2 are
Predict which one is better for coating the surface of iron. Given :
M1 is more positive ox idation potential than the ox idation potential of Fe whic h due to indic ates that
it will better for c oating the surfac e of iron.
b) i) An Organic compound (A) - C7H7NO on treatment with Br2 and KOH gives an amine (B),
Which gives carbylamine test.(B) upon diaz otiz ation to give (C).(C) on coupling with p - cresol
to give compound (D).Identify A,B,C and D with necessary reaction.
Hoffmann’s degradation reaction
Compound (A) is Benz amide
C6H5-CO-NH2 Br /KOH C6H5- NH2 + KBr + K2CO3 +H2O

2
Compound B is Aniline (primary amine)

Diaz otiz ation reaction:
Compound C is Benz ene diaz onium chloride
Compound (A) - Benz amide compound (D)

Compound (B) - Aniline
Compound (C) - Benz ene diaz onium chloride
Compound (D) - 2 - phenylaz o - 4- Methyl phenol
S.SHANMUGAM ,
St.John’s M.H.S.S porur
Chennai -116
Mob: 9841945665
www.nammakalvi.in
Higher Secondary Second Year S.SHANMUGAM
PG Assistant
PTA - Model question paper-IV (2020)
STD- XII CHEMISTRY St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116
ANSWER KEY
PART - I
1. b) HF > HCl > HBr >HI
2. b) 6
3. a) 4-Chloro-2,3- dimethyl pentan-1-ol
4. c) 3
5. d) Charge carried by one mole of electrons.
6. b) 6
7. a) C6H5CHO
8. a) Cd2+
9. a) arsenic sulphide
10. c) Assertion is true but reason is false
11. c) graphite
12. b) Sucrose
13. d) Baeyer’s Reagent - ConHCl + anhydrous ZnCl2
14. a) Argentite
15. c) Ksp = 4S3
PART - II
16. Nitrogen does not form any penta halides like phosphorus.why?
Electronic Configuration: 1s²2s²2p3
Nitrogen does not form pentahalide although it exhibit +5 oxidation state. Due to absence d-orbitals
Nitrogen can not extend its valency beyond four.
It cannot undergoes sp3d hybridization and hence cannot form pentahalides.
17. Why transition elements shows variable oxidation state?
Transition elements show variable state oxidation in their compounds.
Reason of variable oxidation state is that there is a very small energy difference in between
(n-1)d and ns-orbitals.
As a result ,electrons of (n-1)d orbitals as well as ns-orbitals take part in bond formation
S.SHANMUGAMSt.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

✁✂ ✄☎✆✝ ✞✟✝ ✠✝✡✠ ✠✞ ☛☎☞☞✝✌✝✟✠☎✍✠✝ ✎✏✞✑✒✓3)5Cl] SO4 and [ Co(NH3)5SO4] Cl
Barium chloride test:
[Co(NH3)5Cl] SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 (ppt) and [ Co(NH3)5SO4] Cl + BaCl2 no reaction
Silver nitrate test:
[Co(NH3)5Cl] SO4 + AgNO3 No reaction and [ Co(NH3)5SO4] Cl + AgNO3 AgCl (ppt)
Hence they give different precipitates with different solutions. Thus they are ionisation isomers
19. What is common ion effect?Give an example
When a salt of a weak acid is added to the acid itself, the dissociation of the weak acid is
suppressed further.
For example, the addition of sodium acetate to acetic acid solution leads to the suppression in the
dissociation of acetic acid which is already weakly dissociated. In this case, CH3COOH and
CH3COONa have the common ion,CH3 COO-
20. Is it possible to store copper sulphate in an iron vessel for a long time?
E Cu2+/ Cu = 0.34V and E Fe2+ / Fe = -0.44 V.
No we can't store copper sulphate in an iron vessel. Iron is more reactive than copper and it will
displace copper from its sulphate solution. No,we can't store CuSO4 solution in an iron vessel.
Because iron is more reactive than copper.
21. Calculate the half - life period of z ero order reaction
Let us calculate the half life period for a zero order reaction
Rate constant: [A o ] - [A] [A o ]
k= t t1 [A] =
t 2 2
[A o ]
[A o ] -
2 [A o ] [A o ]
k= k= t1
t1 2t 1 2 2k
2 2
22. Give four uses of diethyl ether.
1. Diethyl ether is used as a surgical anaesthetic agent in surgery.
2. It is a good solvent for organic reactions and extraction.
3. It is used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel and gasoline engine.
4. It is used as a refrigerant.
23. Write the Zwitter ion structure of alanine
It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the central carbon atom which
also carries a methyl group side chain. Under biological conditions, it exists in its zwitterionic form with
its amine group protonated (as -NH3+) and its carboxyl group deprotonated (as -COO- ).
24. What are food preservatives?

Preservatives are capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification
or other decomposition of food by growth of microorganisms.
Examples: Acetic acid is used mainly as a preservative for the preparation of pickles and for
preserved vegetables. Sodium metasulphite is used as preservatives for fresh vegetables and fruits.
✔ ✕✕✕ PART
25. Define the following terms
i) Roasting ii) Calcination
i) Roasting :
In
✖✗✘✙ ✚✛✖✗✜✢✣ ✖✗✛ ✤✜✥✤✛✥✖✦✧✖✛✢ ✜✦✛ ✘✙ ✜★✘✢✘✙✛✢ ✩✪ ✗✛✧✖✘✥✫ ✘✖ ✬✘✖✗ ✛★✤✛✙✙ ✜✭ ✜★✪✫✛✥ ✘✥ ✧ ✙✮✘✖✧✩✯✛
furnace below the melting point of the metal.

ii) Calcination
Calcination is the process in which the concentrated ore is strongly heated in the absence of air. During
this process, the water of crystallisation present in the hydrated oxide escapes as moisture.
Any organic matter (if present) also get expelled leaving behind a porous ore.
This method can also be carried out with a limited supply of air.
For examples: During calcination of carbonate ore, carbon dioxide is expelled
26. Write a note on Fischer Tropsch synthesis .

The reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen at a pressure of less than 50 atm using metal catalysts
at 50 0 - 7 0 0 K yields saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
nCO + (2n+1)H2 CnH(2n+2) + nH2O
nCO + 2nH2 CnH2n + nH2O
Carbon monoxide forms numerous complex compounds with transition metals in which the transition
meal is in zero oxidation state.
27.
28. Explain Frenkel defect.

Frenkel defect arises due to the dislocation of ions from its crystal lattice. The ion which is missing
from the lattice point occupies an interstitial position. This defect is shown by ionic solids in which
cation and anion differ in size. Unlike Schottky defect, this defect does not affect the density of the
crystal.
For example AgBr, in this case, small Ag+ ion leaves its normal site and occupies an interstitial
position as shown in the figure.
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29. What do you mean by Helmholtz electrical double layer?

The surface of colloidal particle adsorbs one type of ion due to preferential adsorption.
This layer attracts the oppositely charged ions in the medium and hence at the boundary separating
the two electrical double layers are setup. This is called as Helmholtz electrical double layer.
As the particles nearby are having similar charges, they cannot come close and condense.
Hence this helps to explain the stability of a colloid
Helmholtz electrical double layer
30. Explain the rate determining step with an example.

The reaction can occur in more than one step and its the slowest step that determines the rate of reaction.
Example : Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalysed by I- .
These two reactions are elementary reactions. Adding eq n (1) and (2) gives the overall reaction.
Step 1 is the rate determining step, since it involves both H2O2 and I-,
the overall reaction is bimolecular .
31. How will you prepare 2-methyl hexan-2-ol from grignard reagent?
Grignard reagent
Acetone
2-methyl hexan-2-ol
32. Write note on Etard reaction

When chromylchloride is used as an oxidising agent, toluene gives benzaldehyde. This reaction is
called E tard reaction.
33. An Organic compound (A) -CNCl react with methyl magnesium Bromide to give compound
B - (C2H3N). B - upon catalytic reduction to give compound C - (C2H7N).C gives carbylamine
test. Identify compound A, B and C and write the reactions.
An organic Compound A is cyanogen chloride react with methyl magnesium Bromide to give
compound B - ethanenitrile - (C2H3N).
B - upon catalytic reduction to give compound C - Ethanamine (C2H7N)
Compound A - cyanogen chloride

Compound B - ethanenitrile
Compound C - Ethanamine

PART - IV
34. a) Compare lanthanoids and Actionoids.
(OR)
b) i) Mention any two uses of Zinc
1) Metallic zinc is used in galvanising metals such as iron and steel structures to protect them from
rusting and corrosion.
2) Z inc is also used to produce die-castings in the automobile, electrical and hardware industries
3) Z inc oxide is used in the manufacture of many products such as paints, rubber, cosmetics,
ii) What is the reaction of Ammonia with Iron and copper salts?
Ammonia reacts with metallic salts to give metal hydroxides (in case of Fe) or forming complexes
(in case Cu)
Fe3+ +3NH4+ 3OH- Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4+
Cu2+ +4NH3 [ Cu(NH3)4 ] 2+

Tetra amminecopper(II)ion
35. a) i) What are inert and labile complexes?
i) In some cases, complexes can undergo rapid ligand substitution; such complexes are called labile
complexes.
ii) However, some complexes undergo ligand substitution very slowly (or sometimes no substitution),
such complexes are called inert complexes.

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ii) How is potash Alum prepared?
The alunite the alum stone is the naturally occurring form and it is K 2SO4. Al2(SO4)3.4Al(OH)3.
When alum stone is treated with excess of sulphuric acid, the aluminium hydroxide is converted to
aluminium sulphate. A calculated q uality of potassium sulphate is added and the solution is crystallised
to generate potash alum. It is purified by recrystallisation.
K 2
SO4. Al2(SO4)3.4Al(OH)3 + 6 H2SO4 K 2
SO4 + 3Al2(SO4)3 + 12 H2O
K 2
SO4 + Al2(SO4)3 + 24 H2O K 2
SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24 H2O
(OR)
b) i) Differentiate physisorption and chemisorption
ii) Give two examples for enz ymes catalysis.

i) The yeast contains the enzyme zymase which converts glucose into ethanol.
C6H12O6+H2O 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
ii) The enzyme urease present in soya beens hydrolyses the urea.
NH2 -CO-NH2+H2O 2NH3+CO2
✰✱✲ ✳✴ ✵✴ ✶✷✸✵✹✷ ✺✻✼✳✽ ✾✻✹✿❀✾❁✳✹✾✷ ✳✹✿ ❂❃✷✾✵✸✵✾ ✾✻✹✿❀✾❁✳✹✾✷ ❄✻❅ ❁❆✷❇ ✳✽✷ ✽✷✼✳❁✷✿❈
1) Molar conductance:
❉❊ ❋●❊❊❍■❍❏❑ ▲❉❏▲❍❏❑■▼❑●❉❏◆ ❖▼P❍ ❋●❊❊❍■❍❏❑ ❏◗❘❙❍■ ❉❊ ❍❚❍▲❑■❉❚❯❑●▲ ●❉❏◆ ●❏ ▼ ❱●P❍❏ P❉❚◗❘❍ ❉❊
Solutions
solution and hence they have different specific conductance. Therefore a new q uantity called molar
conductance (m)
2) specific conductance
The specific conductance is defined as the conductance of a cube of an electrolytic solution
of unit dimensions. The SI unit of specific conductance is Sm-1
Relation ship between Molar conductance and specific conductance
κ (Sm-1) × 10 -3 1 1
ohm-1m-1
Λ m= mol-1m3 = .
M R
ii) What is the role of salt bridge in Galvanic cell?

To maintain the electrical neutrality in both the compartments, the non reactive anions Cl- (from K Cl
taken in the salt bridge) move from the salt bridge and enter into the anodic compartment, at the same
time some of the K + ions move from the salt bridge into the cathodic compartment.
(OR)
b) i) What are the characteristics of ionic solids?
Characteristics:
1. Ionic solids have high melting points.
2. These solids do not conduct electricity, because the ions are fixed in their lattice positions.
3. They do conduct electricity in molten state (or) when dissolved in water because, the ions are free
to move in the molten state or solution.
4. They are hard as only strong external force can change the relative positions of ions.
ii) Write note on L ewis concepts of Acids and Bases
According to him, an acid is a species that accepts an electron pair while base is a species that
donates an electronpair. We call such species as Lewis acids and bases.
37. a) i)Write the mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol to give ethane.
The mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene involves the following
three steps:

ii) What will be the product (X and A) for the following reaction?
CH MgBr Acidic
Acetylchloride 3 X A
H O+ K 2Cr2O7
3
CH MgBr Acidic
CH3-CO-Cl 3 CH3-CO-CH3 + CH3-COOH + H-COOH
H3O+ K 2Cr2O7
X- Acetone A - Acetic acid
(OR)
b) i) What is the difference between fibrous protein and globular protein?
Fibrous proteins are linear molecules similar to fibres. These are generally insoluble in water and are
held together by disulphide bridges and weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The proteins often used
as structural proteins.
Example: Keratin, Collagen etc…
G lobular proteins have an overall spherical shape. The polypeptide chain is folded into a spherical
shape. These proteins are usually soluble in water and have many functions including catalysis.
ii) Define the term therapeutic index.How is it related to the safety of the drugs?
The medicinal value of a drug is measured in terms of its therapeutic index,defined as the ratio
between the maximum tolerated dose of a drug (above which it become toxic) and the
minimum crative dose (below which the drug is ineffective).
Higher the value of therapeutic index, safer is the drug.
38. a) i)
ii) What happens when acetoneoxime on oxidation with trifluoroperoxy acetic acid?

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(OR)
o
b)  Calculate CH3-COOH using appropriate equivalent conductance of the electrolytes listed
below at infinite dilution at 25oC
Electrolyte NaCl HCl CH3-COONa

o

(Scm2.mol-1) 126.5 426.2 91.0
Ans: oCH3-COOH = oCH3-COONa + oHCl - o NaCl
oCH3-COOH = 91.0 + 426.2 - 126.5 = 390.7 Scm2.mol-1
ii) An Organic compound (A) C2H6O reduce Tollen’s and Fehling’s solution. (A) react with methanol
and HCl to give compound (B) C4H10O2 (A) on reaction with Methanal in the presence of dilute
NaOH to give compound (C) C3H6O2.Identify compounds A,B,C with necessary reactions.
Compound (A) is Acetaldehyde (CH3-CHO)

When acetaldehyde is treated with 2 eq uivalent of methanol in presence of HCl, 1,1, - dimethoxy ethane
is obtained.
Compound (A) reacts with H-CHO to give Compound (C) 3-hydroxy propanol
Compound (A) - CH3-CHO
Compound (B) - CH3 -CH(OCH3)2
Compound (C) - HO - CH2 - CH2 - CHO
S.SHANMUGAM PG Assistant
St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116
Mob: 9841945665
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Higher Secondary Second Year S.SHANMUGAM
PG Assistant
PTA - Model question paper-V (2020)
STD- XII CHEMISTRY St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116
ANSWER KEY
1. c)
2. b) Wolf kishner reduction
3. c)
4. c) Assertion is true and reason is false

5. b) PGA
6. b) 921.2 R
7. a) [H3O+] > [H3O+]
8. c) Tyndall effect
9. d) FeO
10. b) Lithium ion battery
11. d) Mn > Fe > Cr > Co
12. c) [Ni(H2O)6]2+
13. a) It is a strong tribasic acid
14. c) H2SO5
15. c) Van-Arkel method
PART - II
16. What is water gas equilibrium?
Water gas equilibrium:
The equilibrium involved in the reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen, has many industrial
applications and is called water gas equilibrium.
CO2 + H2 CO + H2O

17. Ozone (O3) act as a powerful oxidizing agent why?
Ozone is not a very stable compound under normal conditions and decomposes readily on heating to
give a molecule of oxygen and nascent oxygen.
Nascent oxygen, being a free radical, is very reactive.
O3 Δ O2 + [O]
Therefore, ozone acts as a powerful oxidising agent
18. Complete the following reactions
a) 2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 b) Cr2O72- + 14 H+ + 6I-
a) 2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 K2MnO4 + 2H2O

Potassium manganate Green
b) Cr2O72- + 14 H+ + 6I- 2Cr + 3I2 + 7H2O

19. Define ionic product of water.
Water is a weak electrolyte and undergoes selfionistion to a small extent.
The product of concentrations of H+ and OH- ions in water at a particular temperature is known as
ionic product of water.
one water molecule acts as an acid while the another water molecule acts as a base.
2H2O  H3O+ + OH-
[H3O+ ] [OH- ]
Kw =
[H2O]2
The concentration of pure liquid water is one. i.e, [H2O]2 = 1
Kw = [H3O+ ] + [OH- ]
” It is designated as, Kw represents the ionic product (ionic product constant) of water
The value of Kw increases with the increase of temperature, i.e., the concentration H+ and OH– ions
increases with increase in temperature.
The value of Kw at 25oC is 1 x10-14mole/litre
20. What happens when hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a solution of arsenic oxide?
Name the chemical method.
When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a solution of arsenic oxide, a yellow coloured arsenic
sulphide is obtained as a colloidal solution.
As2O3+3H2S As2S3+3H2O
Name the chemical method - Double decomposition
21. Write a note on denaturation of proteins.
when the protein is exposed to a higher temperature, certain chemicals such as urea, alteration of pH,
ionic strength etc., It leads to the loss of the three-dimensional structure partially or completely.
The process of a protein-losing its higher order structure without losing the primary structure, it called
denaturation.
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22. How is terylene prepared?
The monomers are ethylene glycol and terepathalic acid (or) dimethylterephthalate. When these
monomers are mixed and heated at 500K in the presence of zinc acetate and antimony trioxide
catalyst, terylene is formed.
It is used in blending with cotton or wool fibres and as glass reinforcing materials in safety helmets.
23. Write the IUPAC name of the following compounds.
i) C6H5 - O - CH2 - CH-CH3 ii) CH2 = CH-CH2-CH2OH
CH3
iii) Neopentyl alcohol iv) Glycerol
Ans:
i) 2- Methyl-1-phenoxy propane ii) But - 3-en - 1-ol
iii) 2,2 -dimethyl propan - 1-ol iv) propane-1,2,3-triol
24. The equivalent conductance of M/36 solution of a Weak monobasic acid is 6 mho cm2equivalent-1
and infinite dilution is 400 mho cm2 equivalent-1.Calculate the dissociation constant of this acid.
c
eq 6mho cm2 equivalent -1 2
o
0.015 1.5 10
eq 400mho cm2equivalent -1
2 1
Ka C Ka (1.5 10 2 )2 Ka 6.25 10 6
36
PART - III
25. How will you identify borate radical? Write the reaction involved.
When boric acid or borate salt is heated with ethyl alcohol in presence of conc. sulphuric acid, an ester,
trialkylborate is formed. The vapour of this ester burns with a green edged flame and this reaction is
used to identify the presence of borate.
H3BO3 + 3C2H5OH ConC H SO B(OC2H5)3+ 3H2O
2 4
26. Why do transition elements and its compounds acts as catalyst?
(i) Due their variable oxidation states, they form intermediate complexes, thereby providing a new path
for the reaction with lower oxidation state,
(ii) They provide a surface for the reaction, to occur.
For example, in the manufacture of sulphuric acid from SO3, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is used as a
catalyst to oxidise SO2
27. 0.1 M Solution of HF is a weak acid.But 5M solution of HF is stronger acid .Why?
Hydrofluoric acid is a much stronger acid when it is concentrated than when it is diluted. As the
concentration of hydrofluoric acid approaches 100 percent.
It's acidity increases because of homoassociation, where a base and conjugate acid form a bond:
3 HF H2F+ + HF2-
The FHF- bifluoride anion is stabilized by a strong hydrogen bond between hydrogen and fluorine.
The stated ionization constant of hydrofluoric acid, 10-3.15, does not reflect the true acidity of
concentrated HF solutions.
Hydrogen bonding also accounts for the higher boiling point of HF compared to other hydrogen halides.
28. Sketch Face centred cube unit (FCC) and calculate the number of atoms present in it.
Nc Nf 8 6
Number of atoms in a fcc unitcell = (1 3) 4
8 2 8 2
29. What are promoters and catalytic poision?
In a catalysed reaction the presence of a certain substance increases the activity of a catalyst. Such a
substance is called a promoter.
For example: Haber’s process of manufacture of ammonia, the activity of the iron catalyst is increased
by the presence of molybdenum. Hence molybdenum is called a promoter.
On the other hand, certain substances when added to a catalysed reaction decreases or
completely destroys the activity of catalyst and they are often known as catalytic poisons.
In the reaction, 2H2+O2 2H2O ,

CO acts as a catalytic poison for Pt - catalyst
30. For the general reaction A B .Plot of concentration of A Vs time is given in the graph below..
Answer the following questions on the basis of this graph.
i) What is the order of reaction?

ii) What is the slope of the curve?
iii) What is the unit of rate constant?
(i) It is a zero order reaction as the graph is satisfying the equation [A] = [A0] – kt.
(ii) The slope of the curve is the negative of the rate constant that is denoted by – k.
(iii) Unit of rate constant is Ms-1 or mol L-1s-1.
31. There are two isomers with the formula CH3-NO2 .How will you distinguish between them?
Tautomerism: Primary and secondary nitroalkanes, having -H , also show an equilibrium mixture of
two tautomers namely nitro – and aci – form
32. What are the tests to differentiate ethanol and phenols?

i) Phenol react with benzene diazonium chloride to form a red orange dye, but ethanol has no reaction
with it.
ii) Phenol gives purple colouration with neutral ferric chloride solution, alcohols do not give such
coloration with FeCl3 .
iii) Phenol reacts with NaOH to give sodium phenoxide. Ethyl alcohol does not react with NaOH.
33. An organic compound C3H5Br (A) on treatment with Mg in dry ether gives (B) which on
treatment with CO2 followed by acidification gives (C). Identify (A), (B) & (C) and write possible
equations
Compound (A) is Bromo cyclo propane reacts with Mg to Compound (B) is Cyclopropyl
magnesium bromide
Compound (B) treament with CO2 followed by acidification

gives (C) is Cyclo propyl carboxylic acid .
Compound (A) - Bromo cyclo propane

Compound (B) - Cyclopropyl magnesium bromide
Compound (C) - Cyclo propyl carboxylic acid

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PART - IV
34. a) i) Explain extraction of copper from copper pyrites.
ii) Explain electrolytic refiniing of siver.
i) Explain extraction of copper from copper pyrites.
The concentrated ore is heated in a reverberatory furnace after mixing with silica, an acidic flux. The
ferrous oxide formed due to melting is basic in nature and it combines with silica to form ferrous
silicate (slag). The remaining metal sulphides Cu2S and FeS are mutually soluble and form a copper
matte.
2CuFeS2 (s)+ O2 (g) 2FeS (l)+ Cu2S (l)+ SO2 (g)
2FeS (l) + 3O2 (g) 2FeO (l) + 2SO2 (g)
FeO (s) + SiO2 (s) FeSiO3 (s)
The matte is separated from the slag and fed to the converting furnace
2Cu2S (l,s) + 3O2(g) (g) 2Cu2O (l,s) + 2SO2 (g)
2Cu2O (l) + Cu2S (l) 6Cu (l) + SO2 (g)
The metallic copper is solidified and it has blistered appearance due to evolution of SO2 gas formed
in this process. This copper is called blistered copper.
ii) Explain electrolytic refiniing of siver.
Cathode : Pure silver
Anode : Impure silver rods
Electrolyte : Acidified aqueous solution of silver nitrate.
When a current is passed through the electrodes the following reactions will take place
Reaction at anode : Ag+ (aq) + 1e- Ag (s)
Reaction at Cathode : Ag (s) Ag+ (aq) + 1e-

During electrolysis, at the anode the silver atoms lose electrons and enter the solution The positively
charged silver cations migrate towards the cathode and get discharged by gaining electrons and
deposited on the cathode. (OR)
b) i) What are amphiboles? Give example
Double chain silicates (or amphiboles): These silicates contains [Si4O11]n6n- ions. In these
silicates there are two different types of tetrahedra :
(i) Those sharing 3 vertices (ii) those sharing only 2 vertices.
Examples: 1) Asbestos
ii) What type of hybridisation occurs in the following compounds
a) BrF5 b) IF7
b) BrF5
Valence electron of bromine atom 7 + Number of fluorine atom 5 = 12
12
X 6 Hybridization : sp3d2 Geometry: Square Pyramidal
2
b✁✂ 7
Valence electron of Iodine atom 7 + Number of fluorine atom 7 = 14
Hybridization : sp3d3
Geometry: pentagonal bipyramidal
35. a) i) Explain why Cr2+ is strongly reducing while Mn3+ is strongly oxidizing.
ii) What is stability constant? Mention its significance.
I) Cr2+ is reducing in nature. It had a d4 configuration. While acting as a reducing agent,it gets oxidized
to Cr3+ which has electronic configuration d3 .
This d3 configuration Can be written as t2g to the power of 3 which is a more stable configuration
In case of Mn3+ which is a n oxidising agent gets reduced to Mn2+ .

This has an exactly half filled d orbital and is highly stable
II) Stability constant:()
The stability of a complex refers to the degree of association between two species involved in an equilibrium.
[Cu2+ ] .[NH3 ]4
[Cu(NH3)4]  Cu2+ + 4NH3
[Cu(NH3 )4 ]2+
R eciprocal of dissociation equilibrium constant ( ) is called as formation equilibrium constant or
stability constant ✄☎ .
1
Significance of stability constants

The stability of coordination complex is measured in terms of its stability constant ✄☎ .
Higher the value of stability constant for a complex ion, greater is the stability of the complex ion.
Example : [Hg (CN)4]2- is most stable complex ion and [Fe( SCN)]2+ is least stable.
(OR)
b) i) Define half life period of reaction.Show that for a first order reaction half life period is
independent of initial concentration.
Half life period: The half life of a reaction is defined as the time required for the reactant concentration
to reach one half its initial value.
For a first order reaction, the half life is a constant i.e., it does not depend on the initial concentration.
0.69 3
t1
2 k
ii) What do you mean by salt hydrolysis?
When an acid reacts with a base, a salt and water are formed and the reaction is called
neutralization. Salts completely dissociate in aqueous solutions to give their constituent ions.
The ions so produced are hydrated in water. In certain cases, the cation, anion or both react
with water and the reaction is called salt hydrolysis.
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36.a) i) Write a note on standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)?

Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is used as the reference electrode. It has been assigned an
orbitary emf of exactly zero volt. It consists of a platinum electrode in contact with 1M HCl solution and
1 atm hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is bubbled through the solution at 25oC. SHE can act as a
cathode as well as an anode.
ii) Why is AC current used instead of DC in measuring the electrolytic conductance?
Using DC causes polarisation of the electrodes and electrolyte which leads to error in measured
conductance values over a period of time.
In AC there is no polarisation due to non-continuous flow of current, hence,AC is used.
(or)
Since in AC current, equal current flows in both directions over a given amount of time(larger enough
than time period), reaction takes place in both the directions. On an average, no chemical change in
composition would be observed.(Of course, that doesn't mean no reaction has taken place.)
Therefore the conductivity(or conductance) you measure will be the conductivity you wanted to measure.
(OR)
b) i) Write a note on electrophoresis.
This migration of sol particles under the influence of electric field is called electrophoresis.
ii) What is packing efficiency?
Total volume occupied by spheres in a unit cell

Packing fraction(or) efficiency x100
Volume of the unit cell
37. a) i) Explain primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins
Primary structure of proteins:
The relative arrangement of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain is called the primary structure
of the protein
Secondary structure of proteins:
The amino acids in the polypeptide chain forms highly regular shapes (sub-structures) through the
hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen (-C=O) and the neighbouring amine hydrogen (-NH) of
the main chain.-Helix and -strands or sheets are two most common substructures formed by proteins.
Tertiary structure
The secondary structure elements -helix& -sheets) further folds to form the three dimensional
arrangement. This structure is called tertiary structure of the polypeptide (protein).
Tertiary structure of proteins are stabilised by the interactions between the side chains of the amino
acids. These interactions include the disulphide bridges between cysteine residues, electrostatic,
hydrophobic, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions.
ii) How is the following conversion affected? Hex - 4-enitrile hex-4-enal

Diisobutyl aluminium hydride (DIB AL –H) selectively reduces the alkyl cyanides to form imines which on
hydrolysis gives aldehydes.

(OR)
b) i) Explain the mechanism of cleaning action of soaps and detergents.
sodium palmitate an example of a soap. The cleansing action of soap is directly related to the
structure of carboxylate ions (palmitate ion) present in soap. The structure of palmitate exhibit dual
polarity. The hydrocarbon portion is non polar and the carboxyl portion is polar.
When the water is rinsed away, the grease goes with it. As a result, the cloth gets free from dirt and
the droplets are washed away with water. The micelles do not combine into large drops because their
surfaces are all negatively charged and repel each other. The cleansing ability of a soap depends
upon its tendency to act as a emulsifying agent between water and water insoluble greases.
Detergents:
Synthetic detergents are formulated products containing either sodium salts of alkyl hydrogen
sulphates or sodium salts of long chain alkyl benzene sulphonic acids.
Detergents are superior to soaps as they can be used even in hard water and in acidic conditions.
The cleansing action of detergents are similar to the cleansing action of soaps.
ii) How are the following conversion effected?
(X ) Benzene acetophenone
Friedel – Crafts acylation
(Y ) Benzaldehyde hydrobenzamide.

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38. a) i) The Ka value of HCN is 10-9.What is the pH of 0.4M HCN solution?
HCN Ka = 10-9 C= 0.4 M HCN
[H ] K a xC [H ] 10-9 x0.4
[H+] = 2 x10-5
pH = - log [H + ]
pH = - log [2 x 10-5 ]
pH = - [ log 2 - 5 log10]
pH = - log 2 + 5 log10
pH = - 0.3010 + 5 x1
pH = 4.69 9
(OR)
b) An aromatic nitro compound (A) on reduction with Sn/HCl gives compound (B) C6H7N, which
on treatment with Benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine to give compound (C).
Compound (B) on treatment with CH3Br to give compound (D) which further reacts with
NaNO2/HCl to give compound (E) with yellow oil liquid. Identify (A) to (E) and write the reactions.
Compound (A) is nitro benzene on reduction with Sn/HCl gives compound (B) is Aniline
C6H5- NO2 + 6[H] Sn/HCl C6H5- NH2 + 2H2O
(A) (B)
Compound (B) is Aniline reacts with Benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine to
give compound (C) is N - phenyl benzamide
Schotten – Baumann reaction
(C)
Compound (B) on treatment with CH3Br to give compound (D)
C6H5- NH2 + CH3-Br C6H5- NH-CH3 (D) N - methylaniline
Compound (D) reacts with NaNO2/HCl to give compound (E) with yellow oil liquid
A- Nitro benzene B- Aniline

C- N-phenyl benzamide D- N -Methylaniline
E - N nitroso methyl phenyl amine
www.nammakalvi.in
Higher Secondary Second Year SHANMUGAM S
PTA - Model question paper-VI (2020)
STD- XII CHEMISTRY Maximum Marks:70
ANSWER KEY
1. a) La(OH)3 is less basic than Lu(OH)3 15 x1 =15
2. (b) [Fe(H2O)6]3+
3. d) Calcination
4. b) H+ & [BF4]-
5. c) H2S2O8
6. b) 2n
7. d) Rate = k[A]2[B]
8. a) Inversion of phase
9. a) Fuel | Electrode | Electrolyte | Electrode | Oxidant
10. d) basic, acidic, basic
11. S.d)
SHAll of the above
AN
M
12. a) 2 > 4U>G1 > 3
AM
,St
13. a) H3PO2 and H2.JOoh
n’s
M.
14. a) heptanoic acid H.S
Sp .
or
15. c) Assertion is true but reason isufalse
rC
he
nn
PART - aIIi -1
16
II. Answer any 6 questions ( Question no.24 is compulsory Mo
b: ) 6 x 2 =12
98
16. CO is a reducing agent . justify with an example. 41
945
66
5 at high temperatures
Carbon monoxide also useful as a metallurgical reducing agent because
it reduces many metal oxides to the elemental metal.
For example, copper(II) oxide, CuO, and iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, are both reduced to the metal by
carbon monoxide.
17. Transition metals show high melting points why?
a) The melting-points of the transition metals are high due to the 3d electrons being available for
metallic bonding.
b) This strength of the bond is due to the presence of unpaired or delocalized electrons in the outer
most shell of the atom
c)The enthalpies of atomization and the densities of transition elements are also high that leads to
high boiling and melting points.

✁✂ ✄☎ ✆✝✆✞✟✠✝✡✞✟☛ ☞✌✝☛✡✍ ✡✞✟✎ ✆✠✝ ☞✌✏✑✞✝ ✆✒ ✓✠✒✎ ✓✔✌☛✌✆✆✌☎✏ ✒☞ ✡✕✒✞✖✌✆✟☛✓✂
19. What is flocculation value?

The precipitation power of electrolyte is determined by finding the minimum concentration
(millimoles/lit) required to cause precipitation of a sol in 2-hours. This value is called flocculation value.
The smaller the flocculation value greater will be precipitation.
20. How cathodic protection help to protect the metal from corrosion?
iii. Cathodic protection - In this technique, unlike galvanising the entire surface of the metal to be
protected need not be covered with a protecting metal. Instead, metals such as Mg or zinc which is
corroded more easily than iron can be used as a sacrificial anode and the iron material
acts as a cathode. So iron is protected, but Mg or Zn is corroded.
21. What are Antiseptics?Give an example.
It causes loss of sensation, in the area in which it is applied without losing consciousness.They block
pain perception that is transmitted via peripheral nerve fibres to the brain
Local anaesthetics : Procaine Generalanaesthetics:Propofol
22. Write a note on Sabatier - mailhe method?
When vapour of an alcohol and ammonia are passed over alumina, W 2O5(or) silica at 4000C, all
types of amines are formed. This method is called Sabatier – Mailhe method.
C2H5-OH NH C H OH C H OH
3 C2H5-NH2 2 5 (C2H5 )2 NH 2 5 (C2H5 )3 N
Al2O3, - H2O - H2O - H2O
23. Why formic acid act as strong reducing agent? Give one equation to show its reducing
property.
Formic acid contains both an aldehyde as well as an acid group. Hence, like other aldehydes,
formic acid can easily be oxidised and therefore acts as a strong reducing agent
Formic acid reduces Tollens reagent (ammonical silver nitrate solution) to metallic silver
HCOO - + 2Ag+ + 3OH- 2 Ag + CO32- + 2H2O

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24. The rate constant for a first order reaction is 1.54 X10-3s-1.Calculate its half life time
0.693 0.693
t = = =450 seconds
1
2 k 1.54x10-3s-1
PART - III
25. Write sort notes on on Z one refining process.
This method is based on the principles of fractional crystallisation. When an impure metal is melted
and allowed to solidify, the impurities will prefer to be in the molten region. i.e. impurities are more
soluble in the melt than in the solid state metal. In this process the impure metal is taken in the form
of a rod. One end of the rod is heated using a mobile induction heater which results in melting of the
metal on that portion of the rod.
When the heater is slowly moved to the other end the pure metal crystallises while the impurities will
move on to the adjacent molten zone formed due to the movement of the heater. As the heater moves
further away, the molten zone containing impurities also moves along with it.
The process is repeated several times by moving the heater in the same direction again and again to
achieve the desired purity level. This process is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere to prevent the
oxidation of metals .
Elements such as germanium (Ge), silicon (Si) and galium (Ga) that are used as semiconductor are
refined using this process.
26. How double salt differs from co-ordination compounds
Double salts are those molecular or addition compounds which exist in a solid state but dissociate
into constituents ions when dissolved in water
Ex. Mohr salt FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O
Coordination compounds are those molecular or addition compounds which retained their identity in
aqueous solution and shows property entirely different from their constituent ions.
Ex. Potassium ferrocyanide:K4[Fe(CN)6]
27. Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in Ti3+ , Mn2+ and calculate the spin only
ion configuration n μs = n(n+2)  s (observed)

B
Ti3+ d1 1 μs = 1(1+2) 1.73

B Paramagnetic
Mn2+ d5 5 μs = 5(5+2) 5.91

B Paramagnetic

28. Explain buffer action of acidic buffer.
The buffer action in a solution containing CH3COOH and CH3COONa.The dissociation of the buffer
components occurs as below.
CH3COOH (aq) + H2O  CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+ (aq)
CH3COONa(s) H O CH3COO- (aq) + Na+(aq)

2
If an acid is added to this mixture, it will be consumed by the conjugate base CH3COO- to form the
undissociated weak acid i.e, the increase in the concentration of H+ does not reduce the pH
significantly.
29. What is zero order reaction? Derive rate law for zero order reaction
A reaction in which the rate is independent of the concentration of the reactant over a wide range
of concentrations is called as zero order reactions.
A product
65
1 9 456
84
o b: 9
6 M
a i -11
n
r C hen
u
30. Define the terms crystal lattice . S por unit cell
and
.H. S
n ’sM
Crystalline solid is characterised by a definite orientation of atoms, ions or molecules, relative to one
S t . Joh
another in a M three
, dimensional pattern. The regular arrangement of these species throughout the
G A
crystal U
is called a crystal lattice.
A NM
H
S basic repeating structural unit of a crystalline solid is called a unit cell.
S.A
31.i) Draw the major product formed when 1-ethoxyprop-1-ene is heated with one equivalent of HI
C2H5-OCH = CH - CH3+ HI one equivalent of HI C2H5I + HO - CH = CH- CH3

Not easy to break this bond as it is enaged in resonance so
HO - CH = CH- CH3 Tautomerism O = CH - CH2- CH3(aldehyde)
ii) What happens when 1-phenyl ethanol is treated with acidified KMnO4.

32. Draw the structure of cellulose and Sucrose.
5
4566
419
b: 98
6 Mo
33. Identify Compounds A,B and C in the following sequence of reaction.

ai -11
CH3-CH2-NC H O A H O B NaNO /HCl C

2 2 2
henn
H O
rur C
2
S po
.H.S.
M
Commpound B gives Ethanol

ohn’s
,St.J
M
UGA
ANM
S. S H
A- Formic acid
B - Ethylamine
C - Ethanol
www.nammakalvi.in
PART - IV
34. a) i) For the complex [Fe(en)2Cl2]Cl2
1) Oxidation number of Fe
2) Hybridisation and shape
3) Magnetic behaviour
4) Number of geometric isomers
5) Whether there may be optical isomer also?
6) IUPAC name
Ans:
i) Oxidation number of Fe is +3
ii) Hybridisation and shape is - d2sp3
(iii) Paramagnetic due to presence of three unpaired electrons
(iv) Two, cis and trans isomers
(v) Yes, cis isomer will also show optical isomerism
(vi) Dichlorido bis (ethane-1, 2 diamine) iron (III) chloride or Dichloro bis (ethylenediamine) iron
(III) chloride. 65
1 9456
ii) How Cr2O3 is reduced to Cr by Al powder ? 984
M ob:
Metallic oxides such as Cr2O3 can be reduced by 16aluminothermite process. In this process, the
an
na i -1
en
metal oxide is mixed with aluminium powder r Ch and placed in a fire clay crucible.
u
S por
To initiate the reduction process, S . an ignition mixture (usually magneisium and barium peroxide) is used.
M .H .
n’s
t . Joh BaO2 + Mg BaO + MgO
M ,S
A
During the
M UG above reaction a large amount of heat is evolved (temperature up to 2400°C, is generated
N -1
HA the reaction enthalpy is : 852 kJ mol ) which facilitates the reduction of Cr2O3 by aluminium
and
S.S
power.
Cr2O3 + 2Al 2Cr + Al2O3
(OR)
b) List any five compounds of xenon and mention the type of hybridisation and Structure
I) Compound : XeF2
Valence electron of Xenon + number of bonding with fluorine atom = 8 +2 =10
10
Hybridisation (X) = 5 , sp3d
2
Structure : Linear

ii) Compound : XeF4
Valence electron of Xenon + number of bonding with fluorine atom = 8 + 4 =12
12
Hybridisation 6 , sp3d2
2
Structure : Square planar
iii) Compound : XeF6

14
2
Structure : Distorted octahedron
5
9 45 66
841
o b: 9
M
i - 116
na
iv) Compound : XeOF2 r C hen
u
. S por
Valence electron of Xenon .S
’s M.H + number of bonding with fluorine atom = 8 + 2 =10
ohn
St.Jcount oxygen electron)
( Do not
,
AM
M UG
HA
N 10
S.S Hybridisation 5 , sp3d
2
Structure : T Shaped
v) Compound : XeOF4
( Do not count oxygen electron)
12
2
Structure :Square pyramidal

35. a) i) Write any two medicinal uses of co-ordination compounds
(1) Ca-EDTA chelate, is used in the treatment of lead and radioactive poisoning. That is for removing
lead and radioactive metal ions from the body.
(2) Cis-platin is used as an antitumor drug in cancer treatment .
ii) What are hydrate isomers? Explain with an example.

The exchange of free solvent molecules such as water , ammonia, alcohol etc.. in the crystal lattice with
a ligand in the coordination entity will give different isomers. These type of isomers are called solvate
isomers (or) hydrate isomers
For example: CrCl3.6H2O has three hydrate isomers as shown below.
[ Cr(H2O)6] Cl3 - It is violet in colour
[ Cr(H2O)5Cl] Cl2.H2O - It has a blue-green colour
[ Cr(H2O)4Cl2] Cl.2H2O - it has a green colour.
(OR)
ur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

b) i) Write any three condensation methods of preparation of colloids
(i) Oxidation: Sols of some non metals are prepared by this method.
When hydroiodic acid is treated with iodic acid, I2 sol is obtained.
HIO3+ 5HI 3H2O+I2 (Sol)
(ii) Hydrolysis
Sols of hydroxides of metals like chromium and aluminium can be produced by this method.
For Example,
FeCl3+3H2O Fe(OH)3+3HCl
(iii) Double decomposition
For the preparation of water insoluble sols this method can be used. When hydrogen sulphide gas is
por
passed through a solution of arsenic oxide, a yellow coloured arsenic sulphide is obtained as a
colloidal solution.
S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S
As2O3+3H2S As2S3+3H2O
ii) Mention the medicinal uses of colloids.
Medicines
i) Antibodies such as penicillin and streptomycin are produced in colloidal form for suitable injections.
ii) Colloidal gold and colloidal calcium are used as tonics.
iii) Milk of magnesia is used for stomach troubles.
iv) Silver sol protected by gelatine known as Argyrol is used as eye lotion.
36. a) Derive expression for hydrolysis constant and pH of Salt of weak acid strong base.
The general hydrolysis reaction of a salt of weak acid (HA) and strong acid can be written as
A- + H2O  HA + OH-
This leads to the equilibrium constant expression
[ HA] [ OH- ]
K h= -
[ A ] [ H2O]
The concentration of water, [ H2O] , is very large and is regarded as practically constant. Thus the
hydrolysis constant expression assumes the form

www.nammakalvi.in
[ HA] [ OH- ]
K h= ..........................................(1)
[ A- ]
Relation between Kh, Kw and Ka
We know that the ionic product of water, Kw, is expressed as
Kw = [ H+] [ OH– ] ...........................................(2)

For the dissociation of a weak acid, HA,
HA  H+ + A
the acid dissociation constant, Ka, is expressed as
[ H+ ] [ A - ]
K a= ..............................................(3)
[ HA]
Dividing (2) by (3)
K w [ OH- ] [ HA]
= K
K [ A- ] h
6 65
a
945
4 1
K : 98
w
ob
= K h ....................................................(4)
K a M
16
i -1
a
It is clear from (4) that the hydrolysis constant (Kh)
e nn of the salt varies inversely as the dissociation
constant Ka of the weak acid. Therefore, weaker h the acid greater is the hydrolysis constant of
u rC
the salt. r
po
Derivation of pH. . S
.S
The pH of an aqueous solution of.H weak acid and strong base can be derived as follows :
M
From earlier discussion, we know n ’s that
h
t . Jo
K w
[ OH- ] M= ,S C and [ H+ ] =
G A V [ OH- ]
U
N M
A K
. SH [ H+ ] = w
S C
K w
K aC
K K a .C K w .C
[ H+ ] = w
C K w K a
Taking logarithms and reversing the sign throughout
1 1 1
-log[ H+ ] = - log K w logK a logC
2 2 2
1 1 1
pH pK w pK a logC
2 2 2
1 1
pH=7 + pK a logC
2 2
It is evident that pH of the solution will always be greater than7. Thus aqueous solution of
salt of weak acid and strong base will be always alkaline

(OR)
b) i) Write a note on formation of  - helix.
An  -helix is a right-handed coil of amino-acid residues on a polypeptide chain, typically ranging
between 4 and 40 residues. This coil is held together by hydrogen bonds between the oxygen of C=O
on top coil and the hydrogen of N-H on the bottom coil. Such a hydrogen bond is formed exactly every
4 amino acid residues, and every complete turn of the helix is only 3.6 amino acid residues.
5
66
45
19
9 84
b:
Mo
16
ai -1
n
h en
rC
oru
ii) Write the uses of nitroalkanes, .S p
S
1) They are good solvents for a ’largeM .H.number of organic compounds including vinyl polymers,
ns
oh
cellulose esters, synthetic.Jrubbers, oils, fats, waxes and dyes.
,St
M
2. U sed in organic synthesis.
UGA
NitromethaneAN M
reacts with halogen in presence of alkali to form trihalogen derivative. (e.g.,)
. S H
with chlorine
S it forms chloropicrin, CCl3NO2 which is used as soil sterilizing agent.
3. Nitroethane is also used as a fuel additive and a precursor to R ocket propellants.
37. a) How polymers are classified on the basis of structure and molecular formula and molecular
forces. gives example one.
A) Classification Based on Structure of Polymers
(i) Linear polymers:
The monomers in these are linked together to form a long chain. eg) HDPE , PVC

(ii) Branch chain polymers:
One main chain with small chains as branches eg) polypropylene, LDPE.
(iii)Crosslinked or Network polymers:
Monomers are linked together to form a three-dimensional network. The monomers contain strong
covalent bonds as they are composed of bi-functional and tri-functional in nature. These polymers are
brittle and hard.
Ex:- Bakelite (used in electrical insulators), Melamine formaldehyde etc.
B) Classification Based on Molecular Forces
Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule. In Polymers, strong
covalent bonds join atoms to each other in individual polymer molecules. Intermolecular forces (be
tween the molecules) attract polymer molecules towards each other.
Polymers can be classified into 4 types:
i) Elastomers:( soft and stretched)
Elastomers are rubber-like solid polymers, that are elastic in nature
The polymer chains are held by the weakest intermolecular forces, hence allowing the polymer
to be stretched. But as you notice removing that stress also results in the rubber band taking up its
original form.
E.g) Buna-S , Buna-N, neoprene
ii) Thermoplastics: They become soft on heating and hard cooling.they 6can 65 be remolded
4 5
E.g) Polythene, PVC, Polystyrene 19
9 84
iii) Thermosetting: Do not become soft on heating but set to an infusible b: mass upon heating
Mo
1 6
E.g) Bakelite, melamine formaldehyde
a i -1
n
iv) Fibres: hen
C
They have strong inter-molecules forces between ur chains giving them less elasticity and high
rthe
p o
tensile strength. S
. S.
H
The intermolecular forces may be hydrogen
s M. bonds or dipole-dipole interaction
’
E.g) Nylon - 6,6 , Terylene ohn (OR)
t. J
,S
M
b) i) What happens whenAethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of conc H2SO4.
UG
Give its complete M
HAN mechanism.
S
S.
www.nammakalvi.in
MECHANISM FOR REACTION FOR ACID CATALYSED ESTERIFICATION
Step 1 : ✗✘✙✚✛✜✗✢✣ ✤✣✗✘✥✙✦✧★ ✩✤✦✥✦✧✗✥✙✦✧ ✦✪ ✥✫✣ ✘✗✤✜✦✧✬✭ ✮✗✯✣✢ ✙✥ ✮✦✤✣ ✣✭✣✘✥✤✦✰✫✙✭✙✘★
An
Step 2 : The alcohol O functions as the nucleophile attacking the electrophilic C in the C=O, with the
electrons moving towards the oxonium ion.
Step 3: An acid/base reaction. Deprotonate the alcoholic oxygen.
Step 4: An acid/base reaction. Need to make the -OH leave, so convert it into a good leaving group by
protonation
Step 5: U se the electrons of an adjacent oxygen to help "push out" the leaving group, a
water molecule
Step 6: An acid/base reaction. Deprotonation of the oxonium ion reveals the carbonyl in the ester
product.
ii) Name the ester which has the following flavour
1) Banana 2) Pineapple
2) Oranage 4) Apricot 6 5
1 9 456
84
b: 9
Mo
- 116
n ai
r C hen
u
.S por
M .H.S
’s
t . J ohn
,S
AM
M UG
N
HA
S.S
38. a) An atom crystallizes in FCC crystal lattice and has a density of 10gcm -3 with unit cell edge
length of 100 pm. calculate the number of atoms present in 1g of crystal.
ZM
ρ =
a3N Z = 4 (Number of atoms in FCC) , NA - Avogadro’s number.
A
 = 10gcm-3 M - molar mass

a = 100 pm (edge length)
= 100 x 10-12 m
= 100 x 10-10 cm = 10-8 cm
a3N Give mass

M A
Substituting M value , Nomber of atoms x NA
Z M
1 x4
Nomber of atoms
Give mass Nomber of atoms =
x NA 10x 10 8
3
a3N
A
Z
Given mass xZ 1 x4
Nomber of atoms Nomber of atoms = 4x1023
a3 10x10 24
Ans: The no of atoms present in 1g of crystal = 4x1023

(OR)
b) An organic compound C2H6O(A) heated with Conc H2SO4 at 443K to give an unsaturated
hydrocarbon C2H4 (B), Which on treatment with Baeyer’s reagent to give commpound
C2H6O2 (C). Which is used as antifreeze in automobile radiator.Compound (C) distilled with
conc H2SO4 to give cyclic compound C4H8O2 (D) .Compound (A) is heated with conc H2SO4
at 413 K to give compound C4H10O (E). Identify Compounds (A) to (E) and write equations
Compound (A) is Ethanol heated with Conc H2SO4 at 443K to give Compound (B) is Ethene
CH3CH2OH + Conc H2SO4 443 K CH2= CH2 + H2O
Compound (B) on treatment with Baeyer’s reagent to give commpound (C) is Ethylene glycol
Compound (C) distilled with conc H2SO4 to give cyclic compound (D) 1,4-dioxane
65
1 9 456
984
Mob:
6
a i -11
nn
u r Che
or
. S .S p
.H
hn ’s M
Jo
M ,St.
GA
MU (A) is heated with onc H SO at 413 K to give compound (E) is diethylether
Compound
N
HA 2 4
S.S
CH3CH2OH + HO- CH2CH3 410 K /conH SO
2 4 CH3CH2 - O - CH2CH3 + H2O
Compound (A) - Ethanol

Compound (B) - Ethene
Compound (C) - Ethylene glycol
Compound (D) - 1,4-dioxane
Compound (E) - Diethylether
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Higher Secondary Second Year

PTA - Model question paper-I 2020

8. c) PbSO4 on anode is reduced to Pb

11. b) HCHO > CH3CHO >C6H5CHO >CH3COCH3 >C6H5COC6H5

15. d)  - helical backbone

S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

C6H5NHCH3 < CH3NH2 < C2H5NH2 < (C2H5)2NH

X - is lithium hydride (LiH) Y - is boron trifluoride (BF3) Z - is lithium borohydride (LiBH4)

S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

CFSE(Eo) = ELF Eiso

= { [ nt2g (-0.4) + neg (0.6)] o + npP} - { n'pP}

nt2g - is the number of electrons in t2gorbitals

neg - is number of electrons in eg orbitals

npis number of electron pairs in the ligand field

n’ pis the number of electron pairs in the isotropic field (barycentre).

29. What is the role of adsorption in the heterogeneous catalysis?

31. Name the vitamins whose deficiency cause

ii) Beri-Beri - Vitamin B1(Thiamine)

S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S

sp3 - Tetrahedral dsp2 - Square planar

dsp3 - Trigonal bipyramidal sp3d2 - Octahedral

S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

XeOF2 involves sp3d hybridization.

35. a) i) Which is known as inorganic benzene? How it is prepared?

Order of a reaction Molecularity of a reaction

Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq)  Cu2+(aq) | Cu(s)

S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

82.4 8.20 105

ii) Propanamide Propan-1-amine

S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116 Mob: 9841945665

Hydrolysis compound B to give ethanol

CH3- CH2- I Hydrolysis

Compound ‘C’ on Oxidation to give compound (E) is ketone

1. Compound - A 2-ethoxy propane

1. a) [Ni(CO)4] Tetrahedral, Paramagnetic

6. b) Catalytic activity of enzymes is decreased by coenzymes.

10. b) Ionic product < solubility product (Ksp)

11. b) Nylon-6 - { - NH - (CH2)6-NHCO-(CH2)4- CO-}n-

12. b) Nucleoside + Base Nucleotide

14. d) But-3-en-1-oic acid

(2) both CN– and H2O absorb same wavelength of energy

17. Which is more basic among Lu(OH)3 and La(OH)3? why?

23. How the transquiliz ers work in body?

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Z n(s) + Co2+  Co(s) + Z n2+

Oxidation potential of Co2+ ion is change into reduction potential

Eo cell = +0.76 + (-0.28)

This reaction is feasible

S.SHANMUGAM ,St.John’s M.H.S.S porur Chennai -116

29. What are electrochemical series? How is it useful to predict corrosion?

ii) Tests for carboxylic acid group

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From Ellingham diagram:

4FeO.Cr2O3 + 8Na2CO3 + 7O2 900 1000o C 8Na2CrO4 + 2Fe2O3 + 8CO2

ii) Conv ersion of Sodium chromate into Sodium di chromate

35. a) i) AlCl3 is more stable where as TlCl3 is highly unstable.Why?