PHYSICS VIII (WORKSHEET)

Date: 29/03/2020 (WEEK 2)

Section- A

1. Air trapped inside a single-piston-cylinder exerts a pressure of 760

mmHg. If its volume is increased by 30% at a constant temperature,
pressure exerted would be equal to

A. 533 mmHg
B. 544 mmHg
C. 584 mmHg
D. 633 mmHg

2. According to kinetic molecular model, in gases,

A. The particles are closely packed together, they occupy minimum

space and are usually arranged in a regular pattern
B. The particles occur in clusters with molecules slightly further
apart
C. The molecules are very far apart and occupy all the space made
available to them
D. The particles vibrate about fixed positions and are held together
by the strong intermolecular bonds between them

Answer 
3. Air trapped inside a single-piston-cylinder exerts a pressure of 760
mmHg. If its volume is increased by 20% at a constant temperature,
pressure exerted would be equal to

A. 533 mmHg
B. 544 mmHg
C. 584 mmHg
D. 633 mmHg
4. For a constant temperature, Boyle's law states that

A. the pressure of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to

the volume of the gas
B. the pressure of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to
the volume of the gas
C. the pressure of a fixed amount of gas is independent of the
volume of the gas
D. None of the above

5. If air at a pressure of 2 MPa is compressed such that new volume of

air is one eighth of its initial volume, then new pressure of air is

A. 0.25 M Pa
B. 2 M Pa
C. 8 M Pa
D. 16 M Pa

6. According to kinetic molecular model, in liquids,

A. the particles are closely packed together, they occupy minimum

space and are usually arranged in a regular pattern
B. the particles occur in clusters with molecules slightly further
apart
C. the molecules are very far apart and occupy all the space made
available to them
D. the movement of particles is high speed and random

7. Air trapped inside a single-piston-cylinder exerts a pressure of 760

mmHg. If its volume is increased at a constant temperature such that
final pressure is equal to 507 mmHg then increase in volume is equal
to

A. 0.2
B. 0.3
C. 0.4
D. 0.5er 
8. Solids have

A. fixed shape, fixed volume, low density and are incompressible

B. fixed shape, fixed volume, high density and are incompressible
C. fixed shape, fixed volume, low density and are compressible
D. fixed shape, fixed volume, high density and are compressible

Answer 
9. According to kinetic molecular model, in solids,

A. The particles are closely packed together, they occupy minimum

space and are usually arranged in a regular pattern
B. The particles occur in clusters with molecules slightly further
apart
C. The molecules are very far apart and occupy all the space made
available to them
D. The movement of particles is high speed and random
10. If Pressure of a fixed amount of gas is denoted as 'P' and volume is denoted
as 'V' then Boyles law can be expressed as

A. P = k × V (where 'k' is a proportionality constant)

B. P = k ⁄ V (where 'k' is a proportionality constant)
C. P = k × V² (where 'k' is a proportionality constant)
D. P = k ⁄ V² (where 'k' is a proportionality constant)

11. Air trapped inside a single-piston-cylinder exerts a pressure of 760

mmHg. If its volume is increased at a constant temperature such that
final pressure is equal to 543 mmHg then increase in volume is equal
to

A. 0.2
B. 0.3
C. 0.4
D. 0.5
12. In gases, diffusion occurs because

A. Molecules of the gases move in random motion

B. Molecules of the gases attract each other
C. Molecules of the gases that are present in a higher concentration
exert a higher pressure
D. Molecules of the gases repel each other

13. As temperature increases, speeds of molecules of a gas ⁄ liquid

A. also increase
B. decrease
C. stay the same
D. vary from gas ⁄ liquid to gas ⁄ liquid

14. Liquids have

A. fixed volume but no fixed shape, high density and are

incompressible
B. fixed shape but no fixed volume, high density and are
incompressible
C. fixed volume but no fixed shape, high density and are
compressible
D. fixed volume but no fixed shape, low density and are
compressible

15. If air at a pressure of 1 MPa is compressed such that new volume

of air is one quarter of its initial volume, then new pressure of air is

A. 1 M Pa
B. 0.25 M Pa
C. 2 M Pa
D. 4 M Pa
16. A conducting wire resists 65 Ω at ice point and 75 Ω at steam point.
resistance of wire is 70 Ω room temperature would be

A. 15 °C
B. 10 °C
C. 25 °C
D. 50 °C

17. Freezing point of ethyl alcohol is 156 K, which is equal to

A. 426 °C
B. 117 °C
C. −426 °C
D. −117 °C 

18. Thermocouple thermometer is

A. less responsive
B. very responsive
C. least responsive thermometer
D. unresponsive thermometer

19. An alcohol-in-glass thermometer is unmarked and has l100 60 cm

and l0 is 10 cm, if lθ is 50 cm, temperature of thermometer would be

A. 70 °C
B. 80 °C
C. 90 °C
D. 100 °C

20. Liquid widely used in thermometer is

A. Water
B. Lime
C. Copper (II) Sulphate
 D. Mercury

21. Temperature in core of earth is equal to 3727 °C, which is equal to

A. 3454 K
B. −3454 K
C. 4000 K
D. −4000 K 

22. A scientist tries to find temperature with a laboratory

thermometer which is unmarked, its values are l 100 58 cm and l0 is 8
cm. If lθ is 48 cm, temperature of thermometer would be

A. 20 °C
B. 40 °C
C. 60 °C
D. 80 °C

23. Ice point is equal to 273 K, which is equal to

A. −273 °C
B. 273 °C
C. 0 °C
D. 100 °C 

23. If an unmarked mercury-in-glass thermometer has l100 23 cm and

l0 is 8 cm, if lθ is 5 cm temperature of thermometer would be

A. −10 °C
B. −20 °C
C. −30 °C
D. −40 °C

24. An aluminum wire resists 70 Ω at ice point and 120 Ω at steam

point, and resistance of wire is 90 Ω room temperature would be

A. 10 °C
 B. 20 °C
C. 30 °C D. 40 °CAnswer 

25. A copper wire resists 3.8 Ω at ice point and 13.8 Ω at steam point,
and resistance of wire is 5 Ω room temperature would be

A. 2.5 °C
B. 7 °C
C. 7.5 °C
D. 12 °Cr 

26. An alcohol-in-glass thermometer has l100 15 cm and l0 is 7 cm, if

lθ is 9 cm temperature of thermometer would be

A. 20 °C
B. 40 °C
C. 25 °C
D. 80 °C

27. Greater difference in temperature of wires,

A. the greater the voltage

B. the lesser the voltage
C. the greater the current
D. the lesser the current 

28. Pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume is a physical

property of

A. Mercury-in-glass thermometer
B. Thermocouple thermometer
C. resistance thermometer
D. Constant-volume gas thermometer

29. Volume of a fixed mass of liquid is a physical property of

A. Mercury-in-glass thermometer
 B. Thermocouple thermometer
C. resistance thermometer
D. Constant-volume gas thermometerer 

30. An unmarked laboratory thermometer has l100 9 cm and l0 is 4 cm.

If lθ is 6 cm temperature of thermometer would be

A. 20 °C
B. 40 °C
C. 60 °C
D. 80 °C

31. Resistance of a steel wire at ice point is 70 Ω and 110 Ω at steam

point, and resistance of wire is 71 Ω room temperature would be

A. 2.5 °C
B. 5 °C
C. 7.5 °C
D. 10 °C

32. A chromium wire resists 400 Ω at ice point and 420 Ω at steam
point, and resistance of wire is 406 Ω, so room temperature would be

A. 10 °C
B. 20 °C
C. 30 °C
D. 40 °Cr 

33. At a clinic, a doctor had a thermometer which was unmarked.

thermometer had l100 25 cm and l0 is 5 cm, if lθ is 3 cm temperature of
thermometer would be

A. 10 °C
B. −10 °C
C. 20 °C
D. −20 °C
34. Aluminum has specific heat capacity of

A. 450 J kg-1 °C-1 C.
1350 J kg-1 °C-1
B. 900 J kg-1 °C-1 D.
1800 J kg-1 °C-1

35. In a laboratory, Bunsen burner is used to increase temperature of

lime from 10 °C to 50 °C with thermal energy of 80000 J. If mass of
lime is 20 kg, specific heat capacity of lime would be

A. 25 J kg-1 °C-1
B. 50 J kg-1 °C-1
C. 75 J kg-1 °C-1
D. 100 J kg-1 °C-1

Answer 
36. Heat capacity of sodium metal is 1500 JK-1, if mass of sodium metal
is 75 kg, specific heat capacity would be

A. 10 J kg-1 °C-1
B. 20 J kg-1 °C-1
C. 40 J kg-1 °C-1
D. 80 J kg-1 °C-1

Answer 
37. Internal energy comprises of two types of energies, those are

A. mechanical and electrical energy

B. magnetic and electrical energy
C. kinetic and potential energy
D. kinetic and magnetic energy

Answer 
38. A pure substance would freeze or solidify at its
 A. boiling point
B. condensation point
C. melting point
D. sublimation point

39. A piece of carbon of mass 0.40 kg requires thermal energy of 20 J

to get heated from a temperature of 5 °C to 9 °C, specific heat capacity
of carbon would be

A. 1.25 J kg-1 °C-1
B. 12.5 J kg-1 °C-1
C. 125 J kg-1 °C-1
D. 1250 J kg-1 °C-1

40. In an experiment, 250 g of water uses 5000 J of thermal energy to

raise its temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C, heat capacity of water is

A. 200 J K-1
B. 400 J K-1
C. −100 J K-1
D. −200 J K-1er 

41. In process of melting, thermal energy is

A. taken in
B. given out
C. neither given out nor taken in
D. thermal energy isn't needed 

42. Kinetic component of internal energy is due to

A. the vibration of matter

B. the intermolecular forces
C. the collision of particles
D. the vibration of particlesswer 

43. Absorption or release of thermal energy changes the

 A. external energy of matter
B. internal energy of matter
C. both internal and external energy of matter
D. none of the energies

44. Lv is symbol for

A. Latent heat of Fusion

B. Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization
C. Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
D. Latent Heat of Vaporization

45. Boiling point of hydrogen is

A. −353 °C
B. −253 °C
C. −153 °C
D. −53 °C

46. In process of condensation, thermal energy is

A. taken in
B. given out
C. neither given out nor taken in
D. thermal energy isn't neededswer 

47. Amount of thermal energy required to change state of 1 kg of

object from liquid to gas or vice versa is termed as

A. Specific Latent Heat of Fusion

B. Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization
C. Heat Capacity
D. Specific Heat Capacity

48. Particular temperature on which a liquid boils is known as

A. boiling point
 B. condensation point
C. melting point
D. sublimation point

SECTION- B
1. Fig. 2.1 shows apparatus used when determining the specific heat capacity of aluminium

Meter 1 and meter 2 are electrical meters.

(a) State the quantities measured by meter 1 and by meter 2. [1]
(b) The following results are obtained in the experiment:
Initial temperature of block = 18 °C
Final temperature of block = 40 °C
Mass of block = 0.85 kg energy supplied to heater = 17 000 J
Assuming that no heat is lost from the block during the experiment, calculate the specific heat
capacity of Aluminum. [2]
(c) In practice, some heat is lost from the block and the air above it becomes hot.

(i) Describe and explain the process by which the hot air moves away from the block. [2]

(ii) Suggest how to reduce the loss of heat from the block in the experiment. [1]

2. Most substances expand when they are heated.

(a) (i) State one example where expansion is useful. [1]

(ii) State one example where expansion causes a problem. [1]

(b) Explain, using ideas about molecules, why solids expand when heated. [2]

(c) When equal volumes are heated through the same temperature rise, the expansions of
solids, liquids and gases are different.

Complete each of the two sentences using one of these expressions:

much larger slightly larger much smaller slightly smaller

1. The expansion of a solid is ................................................ than the expansion of a liquid.

2. The expansion of a gas is ................................................ than the expansion of a liquid. [2]

3. Before a small, inflatable boat is used, air is pumped into its rubber chamber. Fig. 3.1 shows a
man using an air pump to inflate the boat.
Before the man starts to use the pump, the air in the vertical cylinder of the pump is at
atmospheric pressure.

(a) Explain, in terms of molecules, how the air inside the cylinder exerts a pressure. [3]

(b) When the boat is fully inflated, a valve is closed trapping the air in the rubber chamber. The
air pump is disconnected. The man sits on the side of the boat. The volume of the rubber
chamber decreases and the pressure of the air in the rubber chamber increases. The
temperature of the air stays constant.

Explain, in terms of molecules, why the pressure increases. [2]

4. The casing of an electric kettle is made of white plastic. Fig. 10.1 shows the heating element
positioned in the base of the kettle.

(a) (i) The heating element supplies thermal energy to the water at the bottom of the kettle.
Describe and explain how the thermal energy is transferred throughout the water. [3]

(ii) Explain why a kettle with its heating element in the water at the top of the kettle does not
heat the water uniformly. [1]

(b) The kettle is powered by a 230 V supply. It is switched on for 3.5 minutes and there is a
current of 9.6 A in the heating element.

(i) Calculate the thermal energy produced in the heating element in this time. [2]

(ii) The kettle contains 1.6 kg of water that was at an initial temperature of 22 °C. The specific
heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).

Calculate the maximum possible temperature of the water. [3]

(iii) Suggest one reason why the temperature of the water, after 3.5 minutes, is less than the
value calculated in (b)(ii). [1]
(c) Explain one advantage of (i) using plastic for the casing of a kettle, [1]

(ii) choosing white as the colour for the outside of the casing. [1]

(d) The kettle is switched on again and the water reaches its boiling point. It starts to boil and
the kettle remains switched on.

(i) State the meaning of boiling point. [1]

(ii) Explain, in terms of molecules, what happens to the thermal energy that is supplied when
the water is boiling. [2]

5. A test-tube contains solid wax. The melting point of the wax is 58 °C. The test-tube is partially
immersed in a beaker of boiling water and the wax melts. A thermometer is placed in the liquid
wax. At time t = 0, the thermometer reads 90 °C and the test-tube is immediately removed
from the water. The test-tube then cools to room temperature of 23 °C.

(a) The temperature of the wax changes as it cools to room temperature.

On the axes of Fig. 5.1, sketch a graph to show how the temperature changes with time t.

Mark on the temperature axis 90 °C, 58 °C and 23 °C. [3]

(b) On the completed graph of Fig. 5.1, mark a point H, where half of the wax is solid and half is
liquid. [1]

(c) The specific latent heat of fusion of the wax is 220 J / g and the mass of the wax is 45 g.
Calculate the thermal energy released by the wax as it solidifies. [2]

6. (a) State what happens to the molecules of a gas as its temperature increases. [1]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a runner in a long distance race. He tips water over himself to keep cool.

(i) Explain, in terms of molecules, how the evaporation of water keeps the runner cool. [3]

(ii) At one point in the race, a strong breeze blows past the runner and the water evaporates
more quickly. Suggest one reason why the water evaporates more quickly in the breeze. [1]

7. (a) The average input power to a freezer is 80 W. The cost of 1 kW h is 25 cents.

(i) Explain what is meant by the kilowatt-hour (kW h). [2]
(ii) Calculate the cost of running the freezer for one week. [3]

(b) A large jug containing 1.5 kg of water is placed in the freezer.

(i) The water cools from 25 °C to 0 °C in a time of 60 minutes. The specific heat capacity of
water is 4.2 J / (g °C).
Calculate the thermal energy (heat) removed from the water as it cools from 25 °C to 0 °C. [3]
(ii) After the water has reached 0 °C, thermal energy is removed from the water at the same
rate as in (i). The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 3.3 × 105 J / kg.
Calculate the mass of water at 0 °C that becomes ice in 60 minutes. [2]
(iii) Describe the arrangement and the movement of the molecules
1. in liquid water, [2] 2. in ice. [2]
(iv) Ice at 0 °C becomes water at 0 °C. State what, if anything, happens to the kinetic energy and
the potential energy of the molecules as this happens. [1]

8. A large test-tube contains wax above its melting point. It is placed in a cool room. Fig. 4.1
shows how the temperature T of the wax changes in a time of 30 minutes.
 (a)
Determine the melting point of the wax. [1]

(b) The test-tube contains 110 g of wax that has a specific latent heat of fusion of 210 J / g.
Calculate the thermal energy transferred from the wax between 3 and 16 minutes. [2]

(c) (i) State what happens to the wax between 3 and 16 minutes. [1]

(ii) Between 3 and 16 minutes, the temperature of the wax is above room temperature and
energy is lost to the room.

Explain, in terms of molecules, why the temperature of the wax remains constant. [2]

9. Fig. 9.1 shows a flask, partly full of a liquid and partly full of air.

When the flask is heated, the pressure of the air inside the flask increases and the liquid rises
up the tube.
(a) Explain, using ideas about molecules, why heating the air inside the flask causes the
pressure to increase. [3]

(b) A teacher uses the flask as a thermometer. He marks the liquid level at 0 °C and at 100 °C.

(i) Describe how the teacher obtains these temperatures. [2]

(ii) State two ways in which the thermometer can be made more sensitive. [2]

(iii) The thermometer has a non-linear scale. Explain what is meant by a non-linear scale on a
thermometer. [2]

(c) The inner cross-sectional area of the tube is 5.0 × 10–5 m2.

The density of liquid in the tube is 1200 kg / m3.

The distance between X and Y is 0.15 m. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

Calculate

(i) the mass of liquid in the tube [2]

(ii) the weight of liquid in the tube, [1]

(iii) the pressure at the bottom of the tube caused by the liquid column between X and Y. [2]

(d) When the flask is completely full of liquid, the liquid moves up the tube a smaller distance
for the same temperature rise. State why. [1]

10. A schoolboy tries to inflate a bicycle tyre using a bicycle pump.

(a) Explain how the air molecules inside the pump produce a pressure. [2]

(b) The opening at the end of the pump is blocked with a small amount of dried earth, as shown
in Fig. 3.1.
The air is initially at a pressure of 100 kPa.

During one stroke of the pump, the volume of air in the pump is reduced from 120 cm3 to 16
cm3.

(i) Assuming that the temperature of the air remains constant, calculate the pressure of the
compressed air. [2]

(ii) Compressed air in the pump at this pressure exerts a force on the dried earth.

The cross-sectional area of the opening at the end of the pump is 1.2 × 10–5 m2.

Calculate the size of this force. [2]

(iii) In fact, the temperature of the air in the pump increases as its volume decreases. The actual
pressure of the 16 cm3 of air differs from the pressure calculated in (i). Using ideas about
molecules, state and explain this difference. [3]