COLLEGE OF NURSING

MADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGE

MADURAI-20

PROCEDURE DEMONSTRATION ON

pulseoxymeter

SUBMITTED TO

MRS.J.ALAMEL MANGAI, M.Sc (N), MBA, (HM)., SUBMITTED BY,

MRS.N.RAJALASHMI, M.sc (N), MRS.KAMALAVENI.R

NURSIN TUTOR GR-II M.SC (N) I YEAR

COLLEGE OF NURSING, MADURAI-20.

MADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGE,

MADURAI-20
Institution : College of Nursing, Madurai Medical College, Madurai-20

Programme : M.Sc.(N)., I year

Subject : Advanced Nursing Practice

Topic : PULSE OXYMETER

Group :

Place :

Name of the Student Teacher : KAMALAVENI.R

Method of Teaching : Lecture cum demonstration

Teaching Aids : Roller board, Charts, Live articles, Handout

Date & Time :

Evaluator : Mrs. J. ALAMELUMANGAI, M.Sc.,(N),MBA.,

Mrs.N.Rajalaxmi,M.Sc.,(N),
Faculty in Nursing
College of Nursing,
Madurai Medical College,
Madurai-20
INTRODUCTION

• Pulse oximetry is a simple noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin which is saturated with
oxygen. The pulse oximeter consists of a probe attached to the patients finger or ear lobe or which is linked to a
computerized unit. The unit displays the percentage of Hemoglobin saturated with oxygen together, a calculated
heart rate.

• Pulse oximetry has become the standard of care in operating rooms. ICU and hospital wards in the united states
and many other nations before pulse oximetry was available, physicians relied on invasive procedures. Such as ABG
to identify the presence of hypoxemia
CENTRAL OBJECTIVE

• Help the students to gain knowledge regarding pulse oximetry and to develop desirable skills and attitudes white
providing care in hospital settings.

CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES

The students should be able to :

• Define the term pulse oximetry.

• List out the purpose of pulse oximetry.

• Mention the indication. Contra indication of pulse oximetry.

• Mention the articles required for pulse oximetry.

• State the preparation of client for pulse oximetry.

• Describe detail about the procedure for pulse oximetry.

• List out the advantages and Disadvantages of pulse oximetry.

S.NO CONTRIBUTARY CONTENT STUDENT LEARNERS
OBJECTIVES TEACHER ACTIVITY
.
ACTIVITY
1 Define the term pulse PULSE OXYMETER Explaining with Listening

oxymeter DEFINITION roller board

A non invasive technology to monitor oxygen
saturation of the Haemoglobin
2 Describe the history HISTORY Explaining Listening

about pulse oxymeter • MATHEES- father of oximetry

• 20 papers in1934 –1944
• HERTZMAN 1937 –use of photoelectric
finger plethsmography
• 1975 –concept of pulse oximetry –Japan
• YELDERMAN &NEW -1983 –Nellcor
pulse oximeter
Principles of pulse PRINCIPLES
oxymetry • ABSORBTION SPECTRO
PHOTOMETRY
• BEER LAMBERT LAW
• LAMBERT’S LAW states that when a light
falls on a homogenous substance,intensity
of transmitted light decreases as the
distance through the substance increase
• BEER’S LAW states that when a light is
 transmitted through a clear substance with a
dissolved solute ,the intensity of transmitted
light decreases as the concentration of the
solute increases
• Substances have a specific pattern of
absorbing specific wavelength –Extinction
coefficient
Uses two lights of wavelengths
• 660nm –deoxy Hb absorbs ten times as oxy
hb
• 940 nm – absorption of oxyHb is greater
• Lab oximeters use 4 wavelengths to
measure 4 species of haemoglobin
• It =I o e –Ecd [Ecd –absorbance]
Operating principles
• The pulse oximeter estimates SpO2 from the
differential absorption of red and infrared
light in tissue . Reduced hemoglobin
absorbs more light in the red band than
Pu rpose of pulse
oxyhemoglobin .Oxyhemoglobin absorbs
oxymetry
more light in the infrared band.
• List out the purpose of pulse oximetry
• It is a diagnostic tool that enables the
 indirect measurement of the percentage of
oxygenated hemoglobin in a patients
capillary blood.
• Uses in perioperative, pediatric and
intensive care patients and emergency
department. In acute illness
(Breatheleness).
• Assessment of children with asthma and
Review the anatomy and wheezing.

physiology of •

heamoglobin ANATOMICAL REVIEW

 Hemoglobin (abbreviated Hb) is the iron-

containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein
in the red blood cells of vertebrates.
Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the
lungs to the rest of the body, where it
releases the oxygen for cell use.
PHYSIOLOGY
 Efficient oxygen transport relies on the
.
ability of hemoglobin to reversibly load and
unload oxygen. The relationship between
oxygen tension and oxygen binding is seen
 in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
which plots the hemoglobin oxygen
saturation against the oxygen tension.
list out the indications INDICATION explaining Listening

for pulse oxymeter • Monitoring oxygenation

During anaesthesia
in ICU, PACU
during transport
• Monitoring oxygen therapy
• Assesment of perfusion
• Monitoring vascular volume
• Sleep studies -24-h ambulatory recordings
of SpO2 is useful for screening for daytime
sleep sequelae associated with the potential
risk of this pathology in OSAS during
social activities

• Emergency department
• Reflectance pulse oximeters can be useful
for assessing fetal status during labor and
delivery by applying a forehead probe
• Pulse oximetry has been used during
cardiopulmonary resuscitation .Because of
 artifacts and lag times, it is more useful in
primary respiratory arrest than in cardiac
arrest. It is useful in assessing oxygenation
during newborn resuscitation
• Out-of-hospital Use
Pulse oximetry is useful in the prehospital
setting, including when transporting
patients by helicopter or ambulance
Controlling Oxygen Administration
state the contra CONTRA INDICATION Explaining Listening

indications for PULSE • There are no contra indication to pulse

oximetry it is generally safe to use in
OXYMETER monitoring all patients.

enumerate the routes of ROUTES Explaining listening

PULSE OXYMETER • Finger

• Toe
• Ear lobe
• Nose
• Tongue
• Cheek
• esophagus
explain the preparation The articles and preparation of client explaining listening

of articles checking spo2 for

• pulse oximetry.
• Equipment
• Pulse oximetry
• Alcohol swab

 Preparation for pulse oximetry

 Ensure that the patient is comfortable and
warm enough especially if continuous
monitoring is needed.
 If used on a finger or toe, make sure the area
is clean, Remove any nail paint.
Describe detail about the procedure for pulse explaining listening
oximetry.
• Explain to the patient that an oxygen
saturation reading is needed and obtain
consent to continue.
• Make sure the probe and equipment are
clean and in good working order.
• Select a suitable area for the probe (usually
finger) and place the probe as directed by
 the manufacturer’s instructions
• Position the probe carefully.
• Make sure it fits easily without being too
loose or too tight.
• Switch the pulse oximeter machine on.
• Make sure that the probe sensor is detecting
the pulse and that it corresponds to the
patients pulse. This will usually be
indicated by a beep in time with each
detected pulse or a graphical indication of
the pulse on a display, panel.
• Take the reading of the oxygenation
saturation and document this in the patients
notes. Make a rote of any oxygen
administration.
• Ensure that any abnormal reading or
observation is reported to the medical team.
• Once oxygen saturation monitoring is
completed, clean equipment and rectum to
storage as appropriate.
describe the advantages Pulse oxymeter explaining listening

and disadvantages of ADVANTAGES

 Advantages :
pulse oxymeter
  Simple to use
 Non invasive
 Require no warm up time
 Especially in African & Asian patients
 Cost effectiveness over ABG
DISADVANTAGES
• False Positives and Negative
• Burn Injury, pressure injuries.
discuss the nurses  Describe detail about the procedure for Explaining Listening
pulse
responsibility in
 oximetry.
Endotracheal intubation
 Explain to the patient that an oxygen
saturation reading is needed and obtain
consent to continue.
 Make sure the probe and equipment are
clean and in good working order.
 Select a suitable area for the probe (usually
finger) and place the probe as directed by
the manufacturer’s instructions
 Position the probe carefully.
 Make sure it fits easily without being too
loose or too tight.
 Switch the pulse oximeter machine on.
 Make sure that the probe sensor is detecting
 the pulse and that it corresponds to the
patients pulse. This will usually be indicated
by a beep in time with each detected pulse or
a graphical indication of the pulse on a
display, panel.
 Take the reading of the oxygenation
saturation and document this in the patients
notes. Make a rote of any oxygen
administration.
 Ensure that any abnormal reading or
observation is reported to the medical team.
 Once oxygen saturation monitoring is
completed, clean equipment and rectum to
storage as appropriate
SUMMARY

• So for we have discussed about the definition uses, advantages, disadvantages, indication, contra indication,
purpose of pulse oximetry. I think you are all gain knowledge about this procedure and applied this knowledge and
skill during clinical area whiles your practice.

CONCLUSION

With this we have come to the end of procedure demonstration of pulse oximetry. As a health care provider, you
should know the basic principles & techniques that should be followed in pulse oximetry. You should also be aware of the
indication and contraindication and complications arising out of pulse oximetry, so that you can provide appropriate
quality nursing care interventions to manage them for achieving maximum safety of the client. I thank our Madam for the
guidance and I thank you for wonderful listening.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

1. Potter and perry (2008), “Fundamentals of nursing”, Seventh edition,Elsevier Publications, Pp 729-735.

2. Bare G. Brenda & Suzanne, C. Smeltzer, (2005), “Brunner and Suddarth’s Text Book of Medical Surgical
Nursing”, Tenth edition, Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pp 516-568.

3. Lisa Dougherdy, Sara Lister, (2004), “Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures”, Sixth edition, Blackwell Publishing
Company, Australia, Pp 132-134.

4. Sr.Nancy (2006) , “Principles and practices of Nursing” , Fourth edition, N.R.publishing House, Pg.No.107-113.

Net Reference:

1. www.proceduresconsult.com/emergency-procedures.

2. www.emedicine.medscape.com.

3. www.medicineclinic.org

4. WWW.SCRIB.COM

5. WWW.GOOGLE.COM

6. WWW.MSN.COM

7. WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM