MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ESE TOPICWISE OBJECTIVE SOLVED

PAPE R-I

1995-2020

Office: F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110 016

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IES MASTER PUBLICATION
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Phone : 011-26522064, Mobile : 8130909220, 9711853908
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First Edition : 2017
Second Edition : 2018
Third Edition : 2019
Fourth Edition : 2020

Typeset at : IES Master Publication, New Delhi - 110016

 PREFACE

Engineering Services Examination (ESE) is the gateway to an immensely satisfying job in the
engineering sector of India that offers multi-faceted exposure. The exposure to challenges and
opportunities of leading the diverse field of engineering has been the main reason behind engineering
students opting for Engineering Services as compared to other career options. To facilitate selection
into these services, availability of numerical solution to previous years’ paper is the need of the day.

It is an immense pleasure to present previous years’ topic-wise objective solved papers of ESE. The
revised and updated edition of this book is an outcome of regular and detailed interaction with the
students preparing for ESE every year. The book includes solutions along with detailed explanation
to all the questions. The prime objective of bringing out this book is to provide explanation to each
and every question in such a manner that just by going through the solutions, ESE aspirants will be
able to understand the basic concepts, and have the capability to apply these concepts in solving
other questions that might be asked in future exams. Towards this end, this book becomes
indispensable for every ESE aspiring candidate.

IES Master Publication

New Delhi
 CONTENT

1. Thermodynamics ..................................................................................... 01 – 127

2. Power Plant Engineering ....................................................................... 128 – 280

3. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery ........................................................... 281 – 523

4. Heat and Mass Transfer ......................................................................... 524 – 631

5. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning ....................................................... 632 – 726

6. IC Engine ................................................................................................ 727 – 797

7. Renewable Sources of Energy ............................................................. 798 – 803

 UNIT-1 Thermodynamics

SYLLABUS
Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances; Zeroth, First and Second Laws
of Thermodynamics; Entropy; Irreversibility and availability; analysis of thermodynamic cycles related
to energy conversion : Rankine, Otto, Diesel and Dual Cycles; ideal and real gases; compressibility
factor; Gas mixtures.

CONTENTS

1. Introduction and First Law .......................................................................... 02 – 37

2. Second Law of Thermodynamics ................................................................ 38 – 59

3. Entropy and Exergy Analysis ..................................................................... 60 – 79

4. Pure Substances ........................................................................................ 80 – 91

5. Ideal and Real Gases ............................................................................... 92 – 100

6. Thermodynamic Relations ....................................................................... 101 – 108

7. Compressible Flow ................................................................................. 109 – 127

 1 INTRODUCTION AND
FIRST LAW

IES – 2020 atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa and 0.6

m3 of air enters into the bottle, then the work
1. A piston-cylinder device with air at an initial done by the air will be
temperature of 30°C undergoes an expansion
process for which pressure and volume are (a) 80.8 kJ (b) 70.8 kJ
related as given below: (c) 60.8 kJ (d) 50.8 kJ

p(kPa) 100 37.9 14.4 6. A thermodynamic cycle is composed of four

processes. The heat added and the work done
V (m3 ) 0.1 0.2 0.4
in each process are as follows :
The work done by the system for n = 1.4 will be Process Heat transfer (J) Work done (J)
(a) 4.8 kJ (b) 6.8 kJ 1 2 0 50(by the gas)
23 50(from the gas) 0
(c) 8.4 kJ (d) 10.6 kJ
34 0 20(on the gas)
IES – 2019 4 1 80(to the gas) 0

2. A 2 kg of steam occupying 0.3 m3 at 15 bar is The thermal efficiency of the cycle is

expanded according to the law pv 1.3 = constant (a) 20.3% (b) 37.5%
to a pressure of 1.5 bar. The work done during
the expansion will be (c) 40.3% (d) 62.5%

(a) 602.9 kJ (b) 606.7 kJ 7. A steel tank placed in hot environment contains
5 kg of air at 4 atm at 30°C. A portion of the air
(c) 612.5 kJ (d) 618.3 kJ is released till the pressure becomes 2 atm.
3. Certain quantities cannot be located on the graph Later, the temperature of the air in the tank is
by a point but are given by a point but are given found to be 150°C. The quantity of air allowed
by the area under the curve corresponding to the to escape is
process. These quantities in concepts of (a) 4.72 kg (b) 4.12 kg
thermodynamics are called as
(c) 3.71 kg (d) 3.21 kg
(a) cyclic functions (b) point functions
8. Consider the following statements :
(c) path functions (d) real functions
1. Entropy is related to the first law of
IES – 2018 thermodynamics.
4. Which one of the following substances has 2. The internal energy of an ideal gas is a
constant specific heat at all pressures and function of temperature and pressure.
temperature ? 3. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is the
(a) Mono-atomic gas (b) Di-atomic gas basis for measurement of temperature.
(c) Tri-atomic gas (d) Poly-atomic gas Which of the above statements are correct ?
5. When the valve of an evacuated bottle is opened, (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
the atmospheric air rushes into it. If the (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Mechanical Engineering
THERMODYNAMICS 3
9. A system absorbs 100 kJ as heat and does (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
60 kJ work along the path 1-2-3. The same
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
system does 20 kJ work along the path 1-4-
3. The heat absorbed during the path 1-4-3 is 14. Statement (I) : Thermometers using different
thermometric property substance may give
2 3 different readings except at two fixed points.
Statement (II) : Thermodynamic temperature
P
scale i s independent of any particular
thermoemtric substance.
1 4
15. Statement (I) : First law of thermodynamics
V analyses the problem quantitatively whereas
(a) –140 kJ (b) –80 kJ second law of thermodynamics analyses the
problem qualitatively.
(c) 80 kJ (d) 60 kJ
Statement (II) : Throttling process is reversible
IES – 2017 process.
10. Statement (I): The specific heat at constant 16. Which one of the following statements is correct
pressure for an ideal gas is always greater than during adiabatic charging of an ideal gas into an
the specific heat at constant volume. empty cylinder from a supply main?
Statement (II): Heat added at constant volume (a) The specific enthalpy of the gas in the
is not utilized for doing any external work. supply main is equal to the specif ic
11. During a constant pressure expansion of a gas, enthalpy of the gas in the cylinder
33.3% heat is converted into work while the (b) The specific enthalpy of the gas in the
temperature rises by 20 K. The specific heat of supply main is equal to the specific internal
the gas at constant pressure as a proportion of energy of the gas in the cylinder
work, W is
(c) The specific internal energy of the gas in
(a) 8% (b) 10% the supply main is equal to the specific
(c) 12% (d) 15% enthalpy of the gas in the cylinder
(d) The specific internal energy of the gas in
IES – 2016 the supply main is equal to the specific
12. Consider the following processes : internal energy of the gas in the cylinder
1. Extension of a spring 17. Consider the following systems :
2. Plastic deformation of a material 1. An electric heater
3. Magnetization of a material exhibiting 2. A gas turbine
hysteresis 3. A reciprocating compressor
Which of the above process are irreversible? The steady flow energy equation can be applied
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only to which of the above systems?
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
13. Which of the following statements are correct for (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3 only
a throttling process? 18. Consider the following conditions for the
1. It is an adiabatic steady flow process reversibility of a cycle :
2. The enthalpy before and after throttling is 1. The P and T of the working substance must
same not differ appreciably, from those of the
surroundings at any state in the process.
3. In the processes, due to fall in pressure, the
fluid velocity at outlet is always more than 2. All the processes, taking place in the cycle,
inlet velocity must be extremely slow.

IES MASTER Publication

 Mechanical Engineering
18 ESE Topicwise Objective Solved Paper-I 1995-2020

EXPLANATIONS

Sol–1: (d) Sol–3: (c)

Work done in polytropic process is given by, Path functions like heat transfer and work
transfer cant be represented by points in the
P1V1  P2 V2 graph, but can be given by the area under the
W =
n 1 curve.
Here, n = 1.4 (given) Ex: heat transfer will be area under curve in
Using, P1 = 100 kPa, V1 = 0.1 m3 T-s diagram work transfer will be area under
curve in P-V diagram.
and P3 = 14.4 kPa, V3 = 0.4 m3
Sol–4: (a)
P1V1  P3 V3 Sol–5: (c)
So, work done, W =
n 1 Work done by air P=101.325 kPa
3
dv = 0.6 m
100  0.1  14.4  0.4 = Pdv
=
1.4  1 = 101.325 × 0.6

W  10.6 kJ = 60.8 kJ
Sol–6: (b)
Sol–2: (d) P1V11.3 = P2 V21.3 Thermal efficiency,
1.3
P1  V2  Q2 50
= V   = 1  1  37.5%
P2  1 Q1 80
1 Sol–7: (d)
 P1 1.3
 V2 =    V1
 P2  me
5 kg 2 atm
1 4 atm 150ºC
 15bar  1.3 30ºC
 V2 =    0.3 m3  1.7634 m3
 1.5 bar 
Initial state final state
Pv1.3 = constant = C (say) From mass conservation,
C
 P= d
V1.3  i m
m e = mcv  m2  m1
dt
V2 V2
C
work done W =  Pdv   V1.3 dV i 0
(1) No inlet, so m
V1 V1

V2 V2  e = m1  m2
 m ...(i)
1.3 V 0.3
=  CV dV  C
0.3 V1
(2) m1 = 5kg (given)
V1
(P1V = mRT 1)
C
= V20.3  V10.3 P2 V P2  m1RT1 
0.3 m2 = RT  RT  P 
2 2  1 
1  1.3 0.3 1.3 0.3
= P2 V2  V2  P1V1  V1  =
2

5  303
 1.79 kg
0.3
423 4
1 P V P V  e = 5– 1.79 = 3.21 kg
= P2 V2  P1V1   1 1 2 2  From equation (i) m
0.3  0.3 
Sol–8: (*)
= [15×105 × 0.3 – 1.5 × 105 × 1.7634]/0.3 Sol–9: (d)
= 618.3 kJ For process 1 – 2 –3
Mechanical Engineering
THERMODYNAMICS 19
Q123 =U3 – U1 + W 123 Further, the velocity of flow is kept low and
any difference between the kinetic energy
U3 – U1 = Q 123 – W 123=100 – 60 = 40 kJ
upstream and downstream is negligible. The
For process 1 – 4 – 3 effect of the decrease in pressure is an
Q143 = U3 – U1 + W 143 increase in volume.
= 40 + 20 = 60 kJ Sol–14: (b)
Sol–10: (a) Thermodynamic or absolute temperature scale
The specific heat of ideal gas of constant is independent of any working substance. The
pressure is the sum of specific heat at fact that the efficiency of a reversible heat
constant volume and a constant term. This engine cycle depends only on the temperature
constant term comes due to work done of the two reservoirs makes it possible to
component. This work done component is establish such a scale. If the temperature of
missing when heat is added at constant a given system is mesured with thermometers
using different thermoemetric properties,
volume.
there is considerable difference among the
Sol–11: (d) readings.
The work done during expansion,
Sol–15: (c)
W = 0.333 Q
Throttling process is a irreversible process as
Because heat added,
the entropy of the fluid increases during the
Q = Cp T process. The first law of thermodynamics only
Because work done, gives a quantitative estimate of the heat and
work interaction between the system and
W = 0.333 Cp T surroundings, however, it does not state about
Cp 1 1 quality of energy. It is the second law of
 =  thermodynamics which deals with the low grade
W 0.333  T 0.333  20
and high grade energy and concepts of
Cp 100 availability.
  15%
W 0.333  20 Sol–16: (b)
Sol–12: (c)
For charging the tank,
A proces is reversible if both the system and
surroundings are restored to initial condition. mphp = m2u2 – m1u1
Thus, plastic deformation of a material and If the tank is initially empty, then m 1 = 0
magnetization of a material exhibiting
 mphp = m2u2
hysteresis are irreversible processes. The
spring after extension will get back to its Since mp = m2, hence, hp = u2
original position after removal of load, hence it
Sol–17: (c)
can be considered as reversible.
Sol–13: (a) The reciprocating compressor can be
considered as steady flow system provided
Throttling process involves the passage of a
the control volume includes the receiver which
higher pressure fluid through a narrow
reduces the fluctuation of flow.
constriction. This process is adiabatic, and
there is no work interaction. Hence, For electric heater, at steady state
Q = 0 & W = 0 W = Q
PE = 0
W C.V.
(Inlet and outlet are at the same level)
KE = 0
(KE does not change significantly) I I
 Applying the SFEE, h1 = h2
Thus, enthalpy remain constant
Q

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