GEOLOGI BATUBARA

COAL SAMPLING (MINGGU KE )

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEOLOGI

JURUSAN TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI & INDUSTRI
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SUMATERA

Dosen Pengampu:
Evan Rosyadi Ogara M.Eng

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COAL SAMPLING

In situ sampling Ex situ sampling

• Grab samples • Run of mine coal streams
• Channel samples • Coal transport
• Pillar samples • Coal stockpile
• Core samples
• Cutting samples
• Specimen samples
• Bulk Samples
• Sample storage

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 GRAB SAMPLES
Generally this is a most unsatisfactory
method of obtaining coal for analysis,
as there are no controls on whether
the coal is representative, and can
easily lead to a bias in selection, for
example the bright coal sections attract
attention. However, grab samples can
be used to determine vitrinite
reflectance measurements, as an
indicator of coal rank.

https://www.slideshare.net/adhlino_bono/coal-mine

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 CHANNEL SAMPLES

Channel samples are representative of the

coal from which they are taken. If the coal
to be sampled is a surface exposure, the
outcrop must be cleaned and cut back to
expose as fresh a section as possible.
Ideally the full seam section should be
exposed, but in the case of thick coals
(especially in stream sections), it may be
possible to see only sections of the roof
and coal immediately below, or the floor
and coal immediately above.

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PILLAR SAMPLES
In underground coal mining, samples of
large blocks of undisturbed coal are taken
to provide technical information on the
strength and quality of the coal. These
pillar samples are taken when a specific
problem may have arisen or is anticipated.
Such samples are taken in much the same
way as whole-seam channel samples
except that extra care is required not to
disturb the cut-out section of coal during
removal. Samples are then boxed and
taken to the laboratory. Pillar sampling is a
long and arduous business and is
undertaken only in special circumstances,
such as when mining becomes difficult or
new roadways or faces are planned.

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CORE AND CUTTING SAMPLES
Core Samples
Core sampling is an integral part of coal
exploration and mine development. It has
the advantage of producing non-weathered
coal including the coal seam floor and roof,
and unlike channel samples, core samples
preserve the lithological sequence within
the coal seam.
Cutting Samples
This method of sampling is considerably
less accurate than that of core sampling.
As with core samples, cuttings are
unweathered and are a useful indicator as
to the general nature of the seam. Air flush
and mud flush noncore drilling is a quicker
operation than core drilling and will
produce cuttings for each horizon
encountered in drilling. In the case of mud
flush cuttings they will need to be washed
to remove any drilling fluid before
sampling.
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BULK AND SPECIMEN SAMPLES
Bulk Samples
Bulk samples are taken from outcrops, small
pits or minishafts (i.e. 2m diameter shaft
excavations). A bulk sample is normally 5–25
t and is taken as a whole seam channel
sample on a large scale. Such a bulk sample
is taken in order to carry out test work on a
larger scale, which is designed to indicate
the coal’s likely performance under actual
conditions of usage.
Sample Storage
Specimen samples
Orientated specimens of coal may be
collected so that their precise orientation can
be re-created in the laboratory. The dip and
strike of the coal is marked on the specimen
before removal. This method is commonly
used for studies of the optical fabric of the
coal, or of the structural features in the coal.
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EX SITU SAMPLES
The object of collecting coal samples
after mining is to determine the
quality of coal actually being
produced. This coal may differ
significantly from the in situ seam
analysis in that not all of the seam
may be included in the mining
section, or that more than one eam
may be worked and fed to the mine
mouth and mixed with coal from
other seams. In addition there may
be dilution from seam roof and/or
floor contamination that becomes
part of the mined coal product.
The various practices used in collecting
ex situ samples
1. Systematic sampling,
where increments are spaced evenly in
time or in position over the unit.
2. Random sampling,
where increments are spaced at random
but a prerequisite number are taken.
3. Stratified random sampling,
where the unit is divided by time or
quantity into a number of equal strata
and one or more increments are taken at
random from each.
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TUGAS
Buatlah diagram alir mengenai analisis pada batubara
1. Analisis Proksimat
2. Bebas

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