ChE 311

Special Topics in Unit Operations

1. Mechanical Separation
 Definition
 Mechanical separation process/techniques
 Particle size and concentration (fog, mist,dust)
 Characteristics of dispersed particles
 Basic separator type selection
 Efficiency curves for various types of dust collectors
 Applications of various types dust collectors in industry
 Comparison of various dust collector characteristics
 Cost comparison of various dust collectors
 Separation of liquid/solid particles from gas (gravity settler-vertical and horizontal, impingement
separator-wire mesh, plates, packed bed, cyclone separator, Inertial separator, Fabric filtration,
ESP, Scrubbers)

2. Size Reduction
 Introduction
 Types of size reduction operations
 Purpose of size reduction
 Mechanism of size reduction
 Energy utilization in size reduction
 Methods of application of forces
 Force type and basic size reduction units
 Energy equations for size reduction
 Work indexes for dry crushing/wet crushing
 Applicability of size reduction laws
 Methods of operating crushers
 Dry and wet grinding
 Factors affecting size reduction
 Classification of size reduction equipment
 Details of jaw crusher, gyratory crusher, smooth roll crusher, toothed roll crusher, hammer mills,
rollinig mills, Raymond bowl mills, attrition mills, tumbling mill, ball mill, pin mill, fluid energy
mill,
 Process block diagram of sanitary ware production (BISF), Lafarge surma dry process cement
plant, Chhatak cement company

3. Solid handling machineries

 Mechanical conveyors
 Uses-purpose
 Classification of mechanical conveyors
 Selection criteria
 Belt conveyor-Troughed, flat belt, air supported belt conveyor and applicability
 Bucket elevator
 Screw conveyors and elevators
 Other conveyor and feeders
  Typical PFD of cement industry

4. Steam turbine
 Introduction
 Design Standards
 Simple mechanical drive steam turbine
 Turbine principle
 Turbine types (based on stages, steam path and casing/shaft arrangement, advantages and
disadvantages)
 Key characteristics for selecting turbine types
 Functions of different parts of turbines
 Adiabatic turbine efficiency (Mollier diagram)
 P-V diagram for impulse and reaction turbine
 Types of impulse turbine staging
 Turbine safety
 Speed governor
 Steam turbine specifications

5. Process safety and pressure relieving devices

 Introduction
 Types of pressure relieving devices (safety, relief and safety-relief valves, pilot operated safety
valve and rupture disc)
 Selection criteria and material of construction
 Different terms used in pressure relieving devices
 Back pressure on conventional and balanced safety valve
 Vacuum relief and combined pressure
 General code requirements
 Establishing relieving or set pressure
 Safety devices installation guideline
 Coding of SRV
 Flow capacity of SRV
 Management of discharge from relief valves
 specifications