CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

KARNATAKA STATE ROAD TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS

Table No 4.01

Table showing % of increase/decrease of Total Employee Cost

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year
2015-16 74983.2 100%

2016-17 77785.15 103.74%

Total
Employee 2017-18 91357.62 121.84%
Cost

2018-19 96713.28 128.98%

ANALYSIS

From the above table we can observe that the percentage of Total Employee Cost in the
year 2015-16 is considered as 100% then it has been increased to 103.74% in the year
2016-17. In 2017-18 and 2018-19it has been increased to 121.84% and 128.98%.

1
 Chart No. 4.01

Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Total Employee Cost

Amount in Lakhs
120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

Interpretation:

we can observe that there is a increased in Total Employee Cost when compared
to the base year as well as transportation service is increasing as it is the total cost of the
KSRTC will gets increase in year by year.

2
 Table No 4.02

Table showing % of increase/decrease of Repairs And Maintenance

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

2015-16 41687.77 100%

2016-17 40736.25 97.72%

REPAIRS AND
MAINTENANCE:
2017-18 40185.48 96.40%

2018-19 39761.77 95.38%

ANALYSIS

From the above table we can observe that the percentage of Repairs And Maintenance in
the year 2015-16 is considered as 100% then it has been decreased to 97.72% in the year
2016-17. In 2017-18 and 2018-19it has been decreased to 96.40% and 95.38%.

3
 Chart No. 4.02

Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Repairs And Maintenance

Amount in Lakhs
42000

41500

41000

40500

40000

39500

39000

38500

Interpretation:

We can observe that there is a decreased in Repairs And Maintenance when

compared to the base year. Repairs And Maintenance decreased gradually its good sign to
the company. KRSTC has taken good measures to control the Repairs And Maintenance
cost.

4
 Table No 4.03

Table showing % of increase/decrease of Total Other Cost

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

2015-16 929 100%

2016-17 845 90.93%

Total Other
Cost
2017-18 842 90.59%

2018-19 948 102.04%

ANALYSIS

From the above table we can observe that the percentage of Total Other Cost in the year
2015-16 is considered as 100% then it has been decreased to 90.93% in the year 2016-17.
In 2017-18 it has been decreased to 90.59% and in 2018-19 it has been increased to
102.04%.

Chart No. 4.03

5
Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Total Other Cost

Amount in Lakhs
960

940

920

900

880

860

840

820

800

780

Interpretation:

we can observe that there is a fluctuation in Total Other Cost when compared to
the base year 2015-16 in the 2016-17 otter that Total Other Cost decreased gradually its
good sign to the company but in the year 2018-19 it has slightly increased compared to
base year and also previous year. Sometimes these other costs will gets varies.

Table No 4.04

6
Table showing % of increase/decrease of Fuel Oil And Lubricants Cost

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

2015-16 127099.95 100%

FUEL OIL 2016-17 102021.55 80.27%

AND
LUBRICANTS
COST 2017-18 117994.86 92.84%

2018-19 127041.61 99.95%

ANALYSIS

From the above table we can observe that the percentage of Fuel Oil And Lubricants Cost
in the year 2015-16 is considered as 100% then it has been decreased to 80.27% in the
year 2016-17. In 2017-18 and 2018-19it has been decreased to 92.84% and 99.95%.

Chart No. 4.04

7
Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Fuel Oil And Lubricants Cost

Amount in Lakhs
140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

Interpretation:

we can observe that there is a decrease in Fuel Oil And Lubricants Cost when
compared to the base year 2015-16 in the 2016-17 that Fuel Oil And Lubricants Cost
decreased gradually its good sign to the company. In 201-17 and in 2018-19 slightly
increased compare to previous year but not to base year .

Table No4.05

8
Table showing % of increase/decrease of Taxes On Passenger Vehicles

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

2015-16 15791.6 100%

TAXES ON 2016-17 15416.88 97.63%

PASSENGER
VEHICLES 2017-18 15290.19 96.82%

2018-19 16682.68 105.64%

ANALYSIS

From the above table we can observe that the percentage Taxes On Passenger
Vehicles in the base year 2015-16 is 100%. Then it has been decreased to 97.63% in the
year 2016-17 and again in the year 2017-18 it was 96.82% bit in 2018-19 it has been
increased to 105.64% respectively.

Chart No. 4.05

9
Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Taxes On Passenger Vehicles

Amount in Lakhs
17000

16500

16000

15500

15000

14500

Interpretation:

we can say that there is a gradual decrease and greater increase in Taxes On
Passenger Vehicles when compare to the base year 2015-16 because in the government
tax policies there is an fluctuation in Taxes On Passenger Vehicles and the 2018-19 due
to hike in fuel prices and by government changes the tax has increased in a graeater
extent.

Table No. 4.06

10
Table showing % of increase/decrease of Welfare Cost

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

2015-16 21132.66 100%

2016-17 31216.44 147.72%

WELFARE
cost
2017-18 29240.18 138.36%

2018-19 25559.09 120.95%

ANALYSIS;

from the above table shows that Welfare Cost for 4 years from 2015-16 to 2018-19.
There is a continuous increase in the Welfare Cost as the company is having good control
over its but in the year 2018-19 slightly increased. it is not a good sign to the company.

Chart No. 4.06

11
Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Welfare Cost

Amount in Lakhs
35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

Interpretation:

From the above Graph shows that manufacturing overhead for 4 years from 2015-
16 to 2018-19. There is a continuous increase in the Welfare Cost as the company.
Company need to use more machine power than the man power as the result the process
will be faster and there is a decrease in the training cost to the workers.

Table No. 4.07

12
Table showing % of increase/decrease of Administration Cost

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
to Base Year

2015-16 281624.66 100%

2016-17 268021.41 95.17%

ADMINISTRATIVE
cost
2017-18 294910.32 104.72%

2018-19 306706.89 108.91%

ANALYSIS; From the above table we can observe that the percentage of Administration
cost n the year 2015-16is considered as 100% then it has been decreased to 95.17% and
104.72% in the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively and 2018-19 it has been increased
to 108.91%.

Chart No. 4.07

13
Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Administration Cost

Amount in Lakhs
320000

310000

300000

290000

280000

270000

260000

250000

240000

Interpretation:

From the above chart we can say that there are more fluctuations in Administration Cost
when compared to the base year 2015-16 but in the year 2018-19 it increased its cost it is
not good sign so the KSRTC should try control the administrative cost in future

Table No. 4.08

14
Table showing % of increase/decrease of Depreciation On Vehicles

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
to Base Year

2015-16 22933.5 100%

2016-17 20198.98 88.08%

DEPRECIATION
ON VEHICLES
2017-18 15565.33 67.87%

2018-19 16045.81 69.97%

ANALYSIS

From the above table we can observe that the percentage of Depreciation On Vehicles in
the year 2015-16is 100%, than it has been decrease to 20198.98i.e., 88.08% in the year
2016-17 and in the year 2017-18 the Depreciation On Vehicles amount decreased to
67.87% then in the year 2018-19 the Depreciation On Vehicles decreased to 16045.81
i.e., 69.97% respectively.

Chart No. 4.08

15
Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Depreciation On Vehicles

Amount in Lakhs
25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

Interpretation:

From the above chart we can observe that the percentage of Depreciation On Vehicles
amount in the year 2015-16 is 100%, So, we can say that there continuous decrease when
compared to the base year 2015-16 but last year well slightly increased compare to base
year. From last few years KSRTC is engaging in hiring vehicles so the depreciation on
vehicles gets decrease.

Table No. 4.09

16
Table showing % of increase/decrease of Financial Costs

Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year
2015-16 3768.38 100%
Financial 2016-17 3232.68 85.78%
Costs 2017-18 1668.69 44.28%
2018-19 1752.29 46.50%

ANALYSIS

Form the above table we can observe that the % of Financial Costs in the year
2015-16 is 100% then it has been decreased to 85.78 % in the year 2016-17. In the year
2017-18it has been decreased to 44.28% but again it decreased to 46.50% in the year
2018-19.

Chart No.4.09

Showing amount of increase/decrease of Financial Costs

17
 Amount in Lakhs
4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

Interpretation:

There is a gradual decrease in Financial Costs when compare to the base year 2015-16.
Total Cost decreasing is good sign to the company it helps to increase the company
profit.

Table No. 4.10

Table showing % of increase/decrease of Total Non-operating cost

18
 Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

2015-16 10021.77 100%

Total
2016-17 10019.96 99.98%
Non-
operating
2017-18 9534.19 95.13%
cost
2018-19 8846.56 88.27%

ANALYSIS

From the above Table, we can see that the percentage to Non-operating cost in the
year 2015-16 is 100%. In the year 2016-17 it has been decreased to 99.98% and in the
year 2017-18 and 2018-19 it has been decreased to 95.13% and 88.27% respectively
compare to base year 2015-16.

Chart No. 4.10

Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Total Non-operating cost

19
 Amount in Lakhs
10200
10000
9800
9600
9400
9200
9000
8800
8600
8400
8200

Interpretation:

From the above chart we can say that decreasing Non-operating cost is good but
company should not reduce this cost by reducing output. Company must increase the
good transport service and reduce the other cost through optimum utilization of
recourses.

Table No. 4.11

Table showing % of increase/decrease of Rent, Rate and Taxes

20
 Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year
2015-16 587.06 100%
Rent, 2016-17 572.9 97.59%
Rate and
Taxes 2017-18 680.26 115.88%
2018-19 662.76 112.89%

ANALYSIS

The above table revels that information about the Rent, Rate and Taxes calculated on the
KSRTC from the last preceding 4 years. During the year 2015-16 the Rent, Rate and
Taxes was 100%. The table shows decline in the Rent, Rate and Taxes in the year 2016-
17 that is 97.59%, respectively. But from 2017-18 and in 2018-19 it has increased to
115.88% and 112.89% . So, we see that there is fluctuation trend of Rent, Rate and
Taxes it is not good sign for company, maintain good trend for better prosperity.

Chart No. 4.11

Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Rent, Rate and Taxes

21
 Amount in Lakhs
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500

Interpretation:

The above chart revels that information about the Rent, Rate and Taxes calculated on the
KSRTC. It was fluctuation from the last preceding 4 years. It is not good sign but due to
govt. variance in tax policies hiring vehicle rents may varies from year to year. This
policy will affect on the profit.

Table No. 4.12

Table showing % of increase/decrease of and allowances of Drivers &

Conductors

22
 Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

Salaries 2015-16 59900.11 100%

and
allowances 2016-17 62147.17 103.75%
of Drivers 2017-18 72070.07 120.32%
&
Conductors 2018-19 77458.48 129.31%

ANALYSIS

The above table helps us to determine the impact of allowances of Drivers &
Conductors of the company. In 2015-16 the company incurred 62147, allowances of
Drivers & Conductors but in the year 2016-17 it has been increased to 72070 i.e.
120.32% and in the year 2018-19 it has increased to 129.31% respectively.

Chart No. 4.12

Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of and allowances of

Drivers & Conductors

23
 Amount in Lakhs
90000

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

Interpretation:

From the above chart we can observe allowances of Drivers & Conductors that from the
year 2015-16 to 2018-19 these allowances are getting increase because every year
KSRTC should increase the allowance for Drivers & Conductors gradually and KSRCT
cant reduce these allowances.

Table No. 4.13

Table showing % of increase/decrease of Printing & Stationery

Amount in Lakhs

24
 Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

2015-16 139.38 100%

Printing
& 2016-17 186.29 133.66%
Stationer 2017-18 147.28 105.67%
y
2018-19 175.96 126.24%

ANALYSIS

From the above chart we can observe that the percentage of Printing & Stationery in the
year 2015-16 is considered as 100% then it has been increased to 133.66% in the year
2016-17. In 2017-18 and 2018-19it has been increased to 105.67% and 126.24%.

Chart No. 4.13

Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Printing & Stationery

25
 Amount in Lakhs
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Interpretation:

From the above chart we can observe that there is an increase in Printing & Stationery
when compared to the base year 2015-16 in the 2017-18 decreased slightly because state
election purpose there was an code of conduct. KSRTC should try to reduce these costs if
it possible and it helps to increase the profits also

Table No. 4.14

Table showing % of increase/decrease of Total cost

26
 Amount in Lakhs

Percentage to
Particulars Year Amount in Lakhs
Base Year

2015-16 324817.95 100%

2016-17 317878.99 97.86%

Total cost
2017-18 335058.78 103.15%

2018-19 348828.85 107.39%

ANALYSIS

From the above table We can see that the Total cost 97.86% in the year 2016-17
compared to the base year 2015-16 i.e. 100% and2017-18suddenly Total cost increased to
97.86% because the input cost is very high and revenue is less and in the year 2018-19 it
has been increasing again i.e.107.39% respectively.

Chart No. 4.14

Chart showing amount of increase/decrease of Total cost

27
 Amount in Lakhs
360000

350000

340000

330000

320000

310000

300000

Interpretation:

We can see that there is a quantum jump in Total cost in the year 2016-17
compared to the base year 2015-16 i.e. 100% and 2017-18 and in 2018-19 suddenly Total
cost increased due to the total employee cost of the KSRTC is increasing gradually but
rest of employee cost other costs are decreasing gradually.

KARNATAKA STATE ROAD TRANSPORTATION CHICKBALLAPUR

DIVISION ANALYSIS

TABLE – 4.1

Cost sheet of KSRTC for year 2014-15 to 2018-19

28
Particulars 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Revenue 16254.56 18638.2 20626.68 20614.6 21626.68

7 0
Operating Cost:
A)Variable Cost
1)Fuel 7872.49 8063.86 8288.63 6609.84 7609.79
2) Consumables & Spares 299.38 312.32 327.09 341.27 355.45
3) Tyres, Tubes & Flaps 569.02 567.64 513.58 423.86 450.72
4)Lubricants 112.74 111.15 119.86 103.81 101.81
5)Expenses 139.29 141.11 110.05 85.69 90.69
6)Batteries 31.97 37.23 29.65 29.20 30.40
7)Depreciation on Vehicles 1324.40 1338.10 1308.59 1189.06 1298.06
8)Motor Van Tax 877.90 900.23 1011.19 994.86 1001.20
9)Reconditioning 109.54 108.01 88.38 101.03 102.08

Total variable cost (A) 1136.75 11579.7 11797.01 9878.05 11040.20

5
B) Fixed Cost
1) Employee Cost 5651.74 5721.97 6888.10 7404.20 7505.70
2)Fixed Assets Deprecation 128.24 129.46 141.13 152.49 160.80
3)Details of Interest 192.66 192.32 264.01 263.45 272.48
4)Central Expenses 451.86 462.48 564.01 645.21 650.24
5)Accidents 155.49 156.52 246.24 416.84 426.40
6) Miscellaneous 550.24 547.32 727.76 779.66 782.62
Total fixed cost (B) 7130.24 7210.37 8831.24 9661.85 9798.24
Total cost (A&B) 18466.99 18790.1 20628.25 19539.9 20838.44
8 0

TABLE – 4.2

Table showing on variable cost of KSRTC chikkaballapur division during the year
2014-15 to 2018-19

29
 INCREASE/
YEAR AMOUNT PERCENTAGE
DECREASE OF %
2014-15 11336.75 100 -
102.14
2015-16 11579.75 2.14

2016-17 11797.01 104.05 4.05

2017-18 9878.05 87.13 -12.87

2018-19 11040.20 97.38 -2.62

ANALYSIS:

From the above table it can be analysed the KSRTC’s Variable cost is in increasing trend.
The absolute figure was 11336.75 in the Year 2014-15, and it was increased to 11579.75
and 11797.01 in the years 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. In the last year it
was slightly decreased and settled down at 9878.05 and 11040.20.

GRAPH: 4.2

The graph showing Variable Cost on KSRTC chikkaballapur during the year
2014-15 to 2018-19

30
 VARIABAL COST OF KSRTC
2018-19 97.38 11040.2

2017-18 87.13 9878.05

2016-17 104.05 11797.01

2015-16 102.14 11579.75

2014-15 100 11336.75

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

INTERPRETATION:

The above chart shows that the variable cost of KSRTC was increasing from the
year 2014-15 to 2016-17, and in the last previous year it is decreased comparatively to
the preceding the previous years. From the above chart we can interpret that the variable
cost in the previous year is very less when compared to the other remaining years.
Because of fuel, depreciation on vehicles, motor van tax, consumables and spares, cost
are incurred more expensive year by year in that reason variable cost increased has been.

TABLE – 4.3

Table showing on fixed cost of KSRTC during the year 2014-15 to 2018-19

31
Year Amount PERCENTAGE INCREASE/
DECREASE OF
%
2014-15 7130.24 100 -
2015-16 7210.37 101.12 1.12
2016-17 8831.24 123.85 23.85
2017-18 9661.85 135.50 35.50
2018-19 9798.24 137.41 37.41

ANALYSIS:

From the above table it can be analyzed the KSRTC’s Fixed cost is in increasing trend.
The absolute figure was 7130.24 in the Year 2014-15, and it was increased to 7210.24,
7210.37 and 8831.24 in the years 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively. In the last
year it was settled down at 9798.24

GRAPH: 4.3

The graph showing fixed Cost on KSRTC chikkaballapur during the year 2014-
15 to 2018-19

32
 FIXED COST
9661.85 9798.24
10000
8831.24
9000
8000 7130.24 7210.37
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000 100 101.12 123.85 135.5 137.41
0
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

INTERPRETATION

The above chart showing the fixed cost reveals that, there is an enormous increase in the
fixed cost from the 2014-15 to 2018-19 in the KSRTC department. With the
consideration, 2014-15 as a base year, the rate of increase in the fixed cost is determined
in the above chart. From the above graph, we can interpret that, the value of fixed cost is
more when compared to the variable cost, in the KSRTC, chikkaballapur, because of
employee cost, miscellaneous, central expenses are incurred more cost ,

TABLE – 4.4

Table showing on total cost of KSRTC during the year 2014-15 to 2018-19

33
Year Amount PERCENTAGE INCREASE/
DECREASE OF %
2014-15 18466.99 100 -
2015-16 18790.18 101.75 1.75
2016-17 20628.25 111.70 11.70
2017-18 19539.90 105.80 5.80
2018-19 20838.44 112.84 12.84

ANALYSIS:

From the above table it can be analysed the KSRTC’s total Cost is in increasing trend.
The absolute figure was 18466.99 in the Year 2014-15, and it was increased to
18790.18,20628.25 and19539.90 in the years 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18
respectively. In the last year it was slightly decreased and settled down at 20838.44.

GRAPH: 4.4

The graph showing total Cost on KSRTC chikkaballapur during the year 2014-
15 to 2018-19

34
 TOTAL COST
21500

21000 112.84
111.7
20500

20000
105.8
19500

19000 101.75
100
18500

18000

17500
18466.99 18790.18 20628.25 19539.9 20838.44
17000
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

INTERPRETAION

In the above chart we can see the total cost incurred in the KSRTC chikkaballapur. In the
year 2014-15 to 2018-19 total cost has been increased year to year frequently. Of the
1.75%, 11.7%, 5.8%, 12.84% in the last five years. Because of the frequently the year by
year increasing the variable cost and fixed cost has incurred high volume of cost.

TABLE- 4.5

The table showing of Total Revenues & Cost of KSRTC of during the year 2014-15
to 2018-19

year Total revenue Total cost

35
2014-15 16254.56 18466.99
2015-16 18638.27 18790.13
2016-17 20626.68 20628.25
2017-18 20614.60 19539.90
2018-19 21626.68 20838.44

ANALYSIS:

From the above table it can be analyzed the KSRTC’s Revenues & Cost is in increasing
trend. The absolute figure was 16254.56 in the Year 2014-15, and it was increased to
18638.27 and 20326.68, 20614.60 in the years 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18
respectively. In the last year it was slightly decreased and settled down at 21626.68.

GRAPH: 4.5

The graph showing revenue and total Cost on KSRTC chikkaballapur during
the year 2014-15 to 2018-19

36
 revenue and total cost
25000
21626.68
20626.68 20614.6
20000 18638.27
16254.56
15000

10000 18790.13 19539.9

18466.99

5000

0
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
20628.25 2017-18 2018-19
20838.44

INTERPRETATION

In the above chart we can see the difference between the total cost and total revenue, , in
the year 2014-15 there is a difference of Rs.2212 where the cost is more and revenue is
less. In the financial year 2014-15 & 2015-16 there is a little difference between the cost
and revenue. But in the last previous year, there is a difference of Rs.1075, where the
cost is less and revenue is more. Over all in the year 2014-15 there is higher cost than
revenue, and in the year 2017-18, 2018-19 there is more revenue than costs. It was found
that the total incurred by KSRTC in relation to total revenues was comparatively more
hence the corporation should focus on increasing its revenue and also in decreasing the
cost.

TABLE – 4.6

Table showing on Total revenue earned of KSRTC during the year 2014-15 to 2018-
19

37
year 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

amount -2212.43 -151.66 -1.57 1074.70 788.24

ANALYSIS:

This table shows the details of total revenue earned of KSRTC during the
year 2014-15 to 2018-19, the absolute revenue was in 2014-15,2015-16,2016-17 earned
negative values likely -2212.43,-151.66,-1.57. and it was 2017-18 and 2018-19 earned
revenue of 1074.74,788.24.

GRAPH: 4.6

The graph showing revenue of KSRTC chikkaballapur during the year 2014-15
to 2018-19

38
 REVENUE
1500

1000 1074.7
788.24
500
-1.57
0 -151.66
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
-500

-1000

-1500

-2000 -2212.43

-2500

INTREPRETATION

In the above chart we can see the revenue earnings of KSRTC chikkaballapur, in the year
2014-15 to 2018-19. In the year 2014-15 has incurred huge loos incurred in the division
of 2212.43.inthe year 2014-15 has incurred 151.66 of loss comparatively less than 2014-
15.inthe year 2016-17 incurred loss of 1.57 it is the Mainer loss of division.in the year
2017-18,2018-19 has been earned 1074.7, 788.24 , in this last two years are profitable
years. It was found that the total incurred by KSRTC in relation to total revenues was
comparatively more hence the corporation should focus on increasing its revenue and
also in decreasing the cost.

Table: 4.7

The Table shows comparative analysis of revenue of KSRTC

Chikkaballapur 2014-15 to 2018-19

39
Year Amount Absolute amount Increase/decrease
of %
2014-15 16254.56 - -

2015-16 18638.27 2383.71 14.66

2016-17 20626.68 1988.41 10.66%

2017-18 20614.60 -12.08 -0.05%

2018-19 21626.68 1012.08 4.90%

ANALYSIS:

The above table shows the details of revenue of KSRTC chikkaballapur division
during the year 2014-15 to2018-19; the absolute revenue was 16254.56 at base
year then increased to the 23883.71, 1988.41, and 1012.08 in 2014-15, 2015-16,
2018-19. In the year 2017-18 of competitively decreased revenue of rupees-12.08

GRAPH: 4.7

The graph showing revenue of KSRTC chikkaballapur during the

year 2014-15 to 2018-19

40
 revenue
25000 21626.68
20626.68 20614.6
18638.27
20000

15000

10000

5000
1466.00% 10.66% -0.05% 4.90%
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
-5000

Amount 16254.56 Increase/decrease of % -

INTERPRETAION:

Here I have tried to interpret the percentage of the revenue. In the above graph we can see
that the revenue has increased 2014-15 to 2015-16 of 14.66%. In the year 2016-17
increase the revenue of 10.66% comparatively 2015-16.in the year 2017-18 has decreased
revenue -0.05%. During year of 2018-19 has been increased and settled down 21626.68,
Because of the transparency of operations and collections of day to day and proper
maintenance of accounts.

Table: 4.8

The Table shows comparative analysis of variable cost of KSRTC

Chikkaballapur 2014-15 to 2018-19

41
year amount Absolute amount Increase /decrease of %
2014-15 11336.75 - -
2015-16 11579.75 243 2.14%
2016-17 11797.01 217.26 1.87%
2017-18 9878.05 -1918.96 -16.26%
2018-19 11040.20 1162.15 11.76%

ANALYSIS:

The above table shows the details of variable cost of KSRTC chikkaballapur division
during the year 2014-15to 2018-19, the absolute variable cost was 11336.75 in the Year
2014-15, and it was increased to 11579.75 and 11797.01 in the years 2016-17, 2017-18
and 2018-19 respectively. In the last year it was slightly decreased and settled down at
9878.05 and 11040.20.

GRAPH: 4.8

The graph showing variable cost of KSRTC chikkaballapur during

the year 2014-15 to 2018-19

42
 variable cost
14000

12000 2.14% 1.87%

11.76%
10000

8000

6000 11579.75 11797.01 11040.2

9878.05
4000

2000

0 -16.26%
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
-2000

amount 11336.75 Increase /decrease of % -

INTERPRETAION:

Here I have tried to interpret the percentage of the variable cost. In the above graph we
can see that the variable cost has increased year by year likely 2031-14, 2016-17, 2018-
19 increased 2.14%, 1.87% and 11.76% respectively. But the year 2017-18 has been
decreased -16.26% comparatively base years. Reason of increasing of depreciation on
vehicles, motor van tax, Tyres and tubes expenditure.

Table: 4.9

The Table shows comparative analysis of fixed cost of KSRTC

Chikkaballapur 2014-15 to 2018-19

43
year amount Absolute amount Increase /decrease
of %
2014-15 7130.24 - -
2015-16 7210.37 80.13 1.12%
2016-17 8831.24 1620.87 22.47%
2017-18 9661.85 830.61 9.40%
2018-19 9798.24 136.39 1.41%

ANALYSIS:

From the above table it can be analyzed the KSRTC’s Fixed cost is in increasing trend.
The absolute figure was 7130.24 in the Year 2014-15, and it was increased to 7210.24,
7210.37 and 8831.24 in the years 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively. In the last
year it was settled down at 97982.24

GRAPH: 4.9

The graph showing fixed cost of KSRTC chikkaballapur during the

year 2014-15 to 2018-19

44
 fixed cost
12000

10000 9661.85 9798.24

8831.24
8000 7210.37

6000

4000

2000

1.12% 22.47% 9.40% 1.41%

0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

amount 7130.24 Increase /decrease of % -

INTERPRETAION:

Here I have tried to interpret the percentage of the fixed cost. In the above graph we can
see that the fixed cost has been increased comparatively year by year likely percentage of
1.12%, 22.47% and 9.40%, 1.41% because of the employee cost, miscellaneous, central
expenses are incurred more expenditure.

Table: 4.10

The Table shows comparative analysis of net profit or loss of KSRTC

Chikkaballapur 2014-15 to 2018-19

45
year amount Absolute amount Increase /decrease of %
2014-15 -2212.43 - -
2015-16 -151.66 2060.77 -93.14%
2016-17 -1.57 150.09 -98.96%
2017-18 1074.70 1076.27 68552.22%
2018-19 788.24 -286.46 -26.61%

ANALYSIS:

This table shows the details of total revenue earned of KSRTC during the year 2014-15 to
2018-19, the absolute revenue was in 2014-15,2015-16,2016-17 earned negative values
likely -2212.43,-151.66,-1.57. And it was 2017-18 and 2018-19 earned revenue of
1074.74, 788.24.

GRAPH: 4.10

The graph showing net profit or loss of KSRTC chikkaballapur

during the year 2014-15 to 2018-19

46
 net profit or loss
2500
2060.77
2000

1500
1074.7 1076.27
1000 788.24

500
150.09
-151.66 -1.57 -286.46
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

-500

amount -2212.43 Absolute amount -

INTREPRETATION:

In the above chart we can see the net profit or loss of KSRTC chikkaballapur, in the year
2014-15 to 2018-19. In the year 2014-15 has incurred huge loss incurred in the division
of 2212.43.inthe year 2014-15 has incurred 151.66 of loss comparatively less than 2014-
15.inthe year 2016-17 incurred loss of 1.57 it is the Mainer loss of division.in the year
2017-18,2018-19 has been earned 1074.7, 788.24 , in this last two years are profitable
years. It was found that the total incurred by KSRTC in relation to total revenues was
comparatively more hence the corporation should focus on increasing its revenue and
also in decreasing the cost.

Table: 4.11

The Table shows comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC

Chikkaballapur 2014-15 and 2015-16

47
particular Absolute change amount Increase /decrease
percentage
Revenue 2383.71 14.67

Variable cost 243 2.14

Fixed cost 80.13 1.12

Net profit\ loss -2060.77 -93.15

ANALYSIS:

This table shows the details of comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur during the year 2014-15 and 2015-16. The absolute revenue has
comparatively increased 2014-15 to 2015-16 of 2383.71. In this year variable cost, fixed
cost also increased likely 243, 80.13.but the net profit are decreased -2060.77 has been.

GRAPH: 4.11

The graph showing comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC

chikkaballapur during the year 2014-15 to 2015-16

48
 2.14%
Net profit\ ...
-2060.77

2.14%
Fixed ...
80.13

2.14%
Variable ...
243

14.67%
Rev
2383.71

- - - 0

INTERPRETATION:

In the above chart we can interpret that the earned revenue sufficiently but in the variable
cost has been increased 2.14% of fuel, lubricants, batteries, depreciation of vehicles,
comparatively base year 2014-15. And variable costs of employee cost, miscellaneous,
central expenses are incurred more cost and increased 2.14%.but during the year KSRTC
chikkaballapur has faced huge loss of 2060.77 comparatively base year and current year.

Table: 4.12

Particular Absolutes change Increasing / decreasing percentage

amount

49
 Revenue 1988.41 10.67

Variable cost 217.26 1.87

Fixed cost 1620.87 22.47

Net profit\loss -150.09 98.96

The Table shows comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC

Chikkaballapur 2015-16 and 2016-17

ANALYSIS:

These tables show the details of comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
Chikkaballapur 2015-16 and 2016-17. The revenue has increased comparatively 2015-16
of 1988.41. And also increased variable cost and fixed cost of rupees 217.26, 1620.87
respectively. In this competitive years incurred the net loss of -150.09 respectively.

GRAPH: 4.12

The graph showing comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC

chikkaballapur during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17

50
 2500

1988.41
2000
1620.87
1500

1000

500
217.26
10.67% 10.67% 10.67% 10.67%
0
Revenue Variable cost Fixed cost -150.09
Net profit\loss

-500

Absolutes change amount Increasing / decreasing percentage

INTERPRETAION:

The above chart we can interpret the comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur 2015-16 and 2016-17. The earned revenue sufficiently but in the variable
cost has been increased 10.67% of fuel, lubricants, batteries, depreciation of vehicles,
comparatively base year 2015-16. And variable costs of employee cost, miscellaneous,
central expenses are incurred more cost and increased 10.67%.but the during the year
KSRTC chikkaballapur has faced huge loss of 15.09 comparatively base year and current
year.

Table: 4.13

The Table shows comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC

Chikkaballapur 2016-17 and 2017-18

51
 Particular Absolutes change Increasing / decreasing
amount percentage
Revenue -12.08 -0.06

Variable cost -1918.96 -16.27

Fixed cost 830.61 9.41

Net profit 1076.27 68552.2

ANALYSIS:

The above table shows the details of competitive analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur 20114-15 and 2017-18. In this year revenue and variable cost has been
decreased -12.08, -1918.96. In the current year has earned net profit of 1076.27
respectively.

GRAPH: 4.13

The graph showing comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC chikkaballapur

during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18

52
 68552.2
Net profit
1076.27

9.41
Fixed cost
830.61

-16.27
Variable cost
-1918.96

-0.06
Revenue
-12.08

-10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000

Absolutes change amount Increasing / decreasing percentage

INTERPRETAION:

The above chart we can interpret the comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur 2016-17 and 2017-18. The earned revenue sufficiently but in the variable
cost has been decreased 16.27% of fuel, lubricants, batteries, depreciation of vehicles,
comparatively base year 2015-16. And variable costs of employee cost, miscellaneous,
central expenses are incurred more cost and increased 9.41%.but in during the year
KSRTC chikkaballapur has faced huge profit of 1076.27 comparatively base years and
current year.

Table: 4.14

53
 The Table shows comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
Chikkaballapur 2017-18 and 2018-19

Particular Absolutes change amount Increasing / decreasing

amount
Revenue 1012.08 4.91

Variable cost 1162.15 11.76

Fixed cost 1.41

136.39
Net profit -286.46 -26.65

ANALYSIS:

The above table shows competitive analysis of cost of KSRTC chikkaballapur 2017-18
and 2018-19. In this year’s absolute revenue, variable cost and fixed cost has been
increased of 1012.08, 1162.15, and 136.39 respectively. And also the net profit is
decreased -286.46 of comparatively the base year

GRAPH: 4.14

54
 The graph showing comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19

-26.65%
Net profit
-286.46

136.39

1.42%
Fixed cost

11.76%
Variable cost
1162.15

4.91%
Revenue
1012.08

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Absolutes change amount Increasing / decreasing amount

INTERPRETAION:

The above chart we can interpret the comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur 2017-18 and 2018-19. The earned revenue sufficiently but in the variable
cost has been decreased 11.76% of fuel, lubricants, batteries, depreciation of vehicles,
comparatively base year 2017-18. And variable costs of employee cost, miscellaneous,
central expenses are incurred more cost and increased 1.42%.but the during the year
KSRTC chikkaballapur has faced huge profit of 1076.27 but comparatively decreased
26.65% of net profit base year and current year

Table: 4.15

55
 The table shows a comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur 2014-15 and2015-16

Particulars 2014-15 2015-16 Absolute Percentage

Base year current year change increase/
decrease
Revenue 16254.56 18638.27 2383.71 14.67
Operating Cost:

A)Variable Cost
1)Fuel 7872.49 8063.86 12.94 4.32
2) Consumables & Spares 299.38 312.32 191.37 2.43
3) Tyres, Tubes & Flaps 569.02 567.64 -1.38 -0.24
4)Lubricants 112.74 111.15 -1.59 -1.41
5)Expenses 139.29 141.11 1.82 1.29
6)Batteries 31.97 37.23 5.26 16.45
7)Depreciation on Vehicles 1324.40 1338.10 13.7 1.04
8)Motor Van Tax 877.90 900.23 22.43 2.49
9)Reconditioning 109.54 108.01 -1.53 1.40

Total variable cost (A) 1136.75 11579.75 243 2.14

B) Fixed Cost
1) Employee Cost 5651.74 5721.97 70.23 1.24
2)Fixed Assets Deprecation 128.24 129.46 1.22 0.95
3)Details of Interest 192.66 192.32 -0.34 -1.7
4)Central Expenses 451.86 462.48 10.62 2.35
5)Accidents 155.49 156.52 1.33 0.86
6) Miscellaneous 550.24 547.32 -2.92 -0.53
Total fixed cost (B) 7130.24 7210.37 80.13 1.124
Total cost (A&B) 18466.99 18790.18 323.19 1.75
Net profit -2212.43 -15.66 2060.77 93.15

Table: 4.16

56
 The table shows a comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur 2015-16 and2016-17

Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 Absolute Percentage

base year current year change increase/
decrease
Revenue 18638.27 20626.68 1988.41 10.67
Operating Cost:

A)Variable Cost
1)Fuel 8063.86 8288.63 14.77 4.73
2) Consumables & Spares 312.32 327.09 224.77 2.79
3) Tyres, Tubes & Flaps 567.64 513.58 -54.06 -9.52
4)Lubricants 111.15 119.86 8.71 7.83
5)Expenses 141.11 110.05 -31.06 -22.01
6)Batteries 37.23 29.65 -7.58 -20.35
7)Depreciation on Vehicles 1338.10 1308.59 -29.51 -2.20
8)Motor Van Tax 900.23 1011.19 110.86 12.31
9)Reconditioning 108.01 88.38 -19.63 -18.17

Total variable cost (A) 11579.75 11797.01 217.26 1.87

B) Fixed Cost
1) Employee Cost 5721.97 6888.10 1166.13 2037
2)Fixed Assets Deprecation 129.46 141.13 11.67 9.01
3)Details of Interest 192.32 264.01 71.69 37.27
4)Central Expenses 462.48 564.01 101.53 21.95
5)Accidents 156.52 246.24 89.42 57.02
6) Miscellaneous 547.32 727.76 180.44 32.97

Total fixed cost (B) 7210.37 8831.24 1620.87 22.47

Total cost (A&B) 18790.18 20628.25 1838.07 9.78

Net profit -151.66 -1.57 153.25 -1.01

Table: 4.17

57
 The table shows a comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
chikkaballapur 2016-17 and 2017-18

Particulars 2016-17 2017-18 Absolute Percentage

base year current year change increase/
decrease
Revenue 20626.68 20614.60 -12.08 -0.06

Operating Cost:

A)Variable Cost
1)Fuel 8288.63 6609.84 14.18 4.36
2) Consumables & Spares 327.09 341.27 -1678.79 -20.65
3) Tyres, Tubes & Flaps 513.58 423.86 410.28 79.89
4)Lubricants 119.86 103.81 -16.05 -13.39
5)Expenses 110.05 85.69 24.36 -22.14
6)Batteries 29.65 29.20 -0.45 -1.52
7)Depreciation on Vehicles 1308.59 1189.06 -119.53 -9.13
8)Motor Van Tax 1011.19 994.86 -16.33 -1.61
9)Reconditioning 88.38 101.03 12.65 14.31

Total variable cost (A) 11797.01 9878.05 -1919.96 -16.27

B) Fixed Cost
1) Employee Cost 6888.10 7404.20 516.1 7.49
2)Fixed Assets Deprecation 141.13 152.49 11.36 8.05
3)Details of Interest 264.01 263.45 -0.56 -0.21
4)Central Expenses 564.01 645.21 81.2 14.40
5)Accidents 246.24 416.84 89.42 57.03
6) Miscellaneous 727.76 779.66 180.44 32.96

Total fixed cost (B) 8831.24 9661.85 830.61 9.41

Total cost (A&B) 20628.25 19539.90 -1088.35 -5.27

Net profit -1.57 1074.70 1073.13 68352.22

Table: 4.18

58
 The table shows a comparative analysis of cost sheet of KSRTC
6) Miscellaneous chikkaballapur 2017-18 and
779.66 2018-19
782.62
Total fixed cost (B) 9661.85 9798.24 1306.39 1.41
Total cost (A&B) 19539.90 20838.44 1298.54 6.64
Net profit 1074.70 788.24 286.46 26.65

CHAPTER – 5

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS & CONCLUSION

59
FINDINGS FOR STATE DIVISION

 Total Employee Cost when compared to the base year as well as transportation
service is increasing as it is the total cost of the KSRTC will gets increase in year
by year.

 Repairs And Maintenance decreased gradually its good sign to the company.
KRSTC has taken good measures to control the Repairs And Maintenance cost.

 Total Other Cost decreased gradually its good sign to the company but in the year
2018-19 it has slightly increased compared to base year and also previous year.
Sometimes these other costs will gets varies.

 Fuel Oil And Lubricants Cost decreased gradually its good sign to the company.
In 201-17 and in 2018-19 slightly increased compare to previous year but not to
base year.

 In the government tax policies there is an fluctuation in Taxes On Passenger

Vehicles and the 2018-19 due to hike in fuel prices and by government changes
the tax has increased in a graeater extent.

 There is a continuous increase in the Welfare Cost as the company.

 that there are more fluctuations in Administration Cost when compared to the
base year 2015-16 but in the year 2018-19 it increased its cost.

 we can say that there continuous decrease when compared to the base year 2015-
16 but last year well slightly increased compare to base year. From last few years
KSRTC is engaging in hiring vehicles so the depreciation on vehicles gets
decrease.

 There is a gradual decrease in Financial Costs when compare to the base year
2015-16.

 decreasing Non-operating cost is good but company should not reduce this cost by
reducing output.

60
  It was fluctuation from the last preceding 4 years. It is not good sign but due to
govt. variance in tax policies hiring vehicle rents may varies from year to year.
This policy will affect on the profit.

 Allowances of Drivers & Conductors that from the year 2015-16 to 2018-19 these
allowances are getting increase because every year.

 There is an increase in Printing & Stationery when compared to the base year
2015-16 in the 2017-18 decreased slightly because state election purpose there
was an code of conduct.

 We can see that there is a quantum jump in Total cost in the year 2016-17
compared to the base year 2015-16 i.e. 100% and 2017-18 and in 2018-19
suddenly Total cost increased due to the total employee cost of the KSRTC is
increasing gradually but rest of employee cost other costs are decreasing
gradually.

SUGGESTIONS FOR STATE DIVISION

61
 It is require to introducing efficient and transparent system of purchase of tires,
tubes, chassis, diesel and other maintenance materials.
 A large number of buses will be idling due to lack of operating staff. If sufficient
number of drivers and conductors appointed major amount of idle cost can be
minimized.
 Regular inspection of all the buses on road must be introduced to minimize losses
due to corrupt practices of the operating staff of the buses.
 Bus location tracking device should be used in all the buses. These facilities to
take control measures to safeguard buses in case strike and such crises.
 The cost of Tyres &ensembles has been increased it shows that the company can
try to reduce the cost of Tyres & ensembles in future.
 Cost of operation should be reduced by avoiding wastage of variable cost like
lubricants.
 Other consumables are controls at depots via random checks of other
consumables.
 Most of the accident is caused due to concentration on the part of the driver
training in yoga will help a lot to achieve higher levels of concentration while
driving and also provide the counseling centers in every division.
 Attractive fare structure should be made in casual to increase the miscellaneous
of KSRTC.
 The mechanical conditions of the bases were improved by carrying out
preventive maintenance works step have been taken to improve the diesel KMPL
& engine oil KMPL performance.
 General up keep of the bus including body cleaning.
 The KSRTC should take certain steps to in casual the operational coverage to
increase the revenue of the company.
 Most of the accidents are caused due to lack of concentration on the part of the
drivers training in yoga will help to achieve higher level of concentration while
driving.
 These should be maintain the proper co-ordination to reduce the stress reduction.

62
  Fuel supply quality controls at all depart via random check of fuel critical
parameters.
 Changes relating to improving working conditions.
 In order to inculcate safety consciousness among drivers. The safety driving
award schemes implemented.
 A number of preventive and curative measures have been taken for prevention of
accidents.

FINDINGS FOR CHICKBALLAPUR DIVION

1. The variable cost of the KSRTC Chikkaballapur Division increased during the
period of study with the increase in variable expenses.
2. It was found that the fixed costs are also in the increasing trend and which
represents the operational cost of the business concern is increasing.
3. As the corporation is increased its operational efficiency every year and thereby it
is proving quality services to its commuters.
4. It was found that the total incurred by KSRTC in relation to total revenues was
comparatively more hence the corporation should focus on increasing its revenue
and also in decreasing the cost.
5. Some of the variable costs such as fuel expenses, lubricants and spare parts costs
are increased year by year hence there is need to assess and control these cost in
order maintain a effective cost management system.
6. The motor van tax as well as the reconditioning expenses is relatively low when
compared to previous years.
7. The cost of depreciation on the fixed assets is increasing in trend.
8. The interest paid by KSRTC towards the borrowings and the overall central cost is
reduced at end of the period of study.
9. The employee cost of KSRTC from the year 2014-15 to 2018-19 has been
increased by due to recruit the new employees.

63
 10. The operating cost of KSRTC from the year 2014-15 to 2018-19 has been
increased due to increase in the payment of provision for employees, motor vehicle
tax & spare part.
11. The level of cost of fuel consumed is at fluctuating rate in which is the company
shall maintain a minimum cost of fuel.
12. The spares & ensembles of KSRTC are increasing from year to year. It is in good
position in company point of view

SUGGESTION FOR CHICKBALLAPUR DIVION

 It is require to introducing efficient and transparent system of purchase of tires,

tubes, chassis, diesel and other maintenance materials.
 A large number of buses will be idling due to lack of operating staff. If sufficient
number of drivers and conductors appointed major amount of idle cost can be
minimized.
 Regular inspection of all the buses on road must be introduced to minimize losses
due to corrupt practices of the operating staff of the buses.
 Bus location tracking device should be used in all the buses. These facilities to
take control measures to safeguard buses in case strike and such crises.
 The cost of Tyres &ensembles has been increased it shows that the company can
try to reduce the cost of Tyres & ensembles in future.
 Cost of operation should be reduced by avoiding wastage of variable cost like
lubricants.
 Other consumables are controls at depots via random checks of other
consumables.
 Most of the accident is caused due to concentration on the part of the driver
training in yoga will help a lot to achieve higher levels of concentration while
driving and also provide the counseling centers in every division.
 Attractive fare structure should be made in casual to increase the miscellaneous
of KSRTC.

64
Conclusion

Finally from the above analysis findings and recommendation. I consulted that, every
organization should perform better in order to gain the interest of the people, as from
analysis I come to know that KSRTC is a state Government service sector performing
better but they should minimize cost of operation and they have to perform better in
terms of its financial and physical performance.

So every service sector should provide a better service in order to preserve the
same level of interest among the people.

From the above findings in KSRTC. Ltd can be concluded that the company should
keep under check by exercising certain cost reduction measures. The company needs to
review from time to time for the purpose of control in the cost. The company should not
neglect the cost because cost analysis forms part of sales

From the overall study it is understood that every organization should be effective
in managing the cost at various stages and in various aspects in order to ensure better
flow of revenue to the corporation. The KSRTC has adopted a well-structured cost
management policy; it focuses on high revenue by introducing day to day bus facilities to
the prospective routes. KSRTC is charging fair ticket prices to its customers, which is
solely based on the cost incurred on providing the service.

For maximizing profit cost should be reduced to the minimum. For minimizing the cost
there, should be effective utilization of resources. So, the top management takes steps to
increase the utilization capacity at least to recover all cash expenses otherwise the
company should result in increases in cost of production.

The company should prepare annual budgets which should be necessary for control of
cost. Sufficient fund have to be allocated every year for repairs and maintenance. There
should be fuller utilization of installed capacity and improved inventory polices which
reduces the inventory carrying cost.

65