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Help Given To A Sick Or Injured person until

Full Medical Treatment Is Available Is Called
First Aid

History Of First Aid

In 1895 first aid was invented by

sand john

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an
emergency procedure that combines chest
compressions.

Universal First Aid Signs

o Exit
o Medical service
Provider
o Hospital road sign
o First aid
o Defibrillator
o Fire extinguisher

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Securing the scene

Before performing any First
Aid,
Check for:
o 1. Electrical hazards
o 2. Chemical hazards
o 3. Noxious & Toxic gases
o 4. Ground hazards
o 5. Fire
o 6. Unstable equipment

DURING TREATMENT
o avoid coughing, breathing, or speaking over the
wound
o avoid contact with body fluids
o use a face shield or mask with one-
one-way-
way-valve
when doing active resuscitation
o use only clean bandages and dressings
AFTER TREATMENT
o clean up both casualty and yourself
o dispose of dressings, bandages, gloves and soiled
clothing correctly
o wash hands with soap and water

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Reaction Time
o If CPR/Artificial respiration is administered
o Chance of brain damage Oxygenated
blood flow
0 to 4 minutes - must get to
brain
4 to 6 minutes -
6 to 10 minutes-
10 minutes + -

o Establish responsiveness
A-B-C’s
Use chin lift/head tilt

Look.-listen-feel for breathing

Attempt to Ventilate
Ventilate Every 5 seconds

Check pulse Recovery position

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Control of Bleeding
Elevation
Direct Pressure

Pressure bandage
Cold Applications

Pressure Points
Temporal
Where the artery
passes over a bone Facial

close to the skin Carotid

Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar

Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal

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Shock
Shock affects all major
functions of the body
loss of blood flow to the
tissues and organs

Shock must be treated in

all accident cases

Snake bite
Apply a pressure immobilization bandage and keep the person calm
and as still as possible until medical help arrives. Avoid washing the
bite area because any venom left on the skin can help identify the
snake. Do not apply a tourniquet, cut the wound or attempt to suck
the venom out.

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Spider bite
Clean the site of the spider bite well with soap and water. Apply a
cool compress over the spider bite location using a cloth with cold
water or filled with ice.

Day 4

Day 3

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Day 5

Day 6

Day 9

Day 10

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Fractures & Dislocations

Must treat for bleeding first
Don’t straighten break
Treat the way you found it

Do not push
bones back
into place

Dislocations
The most common dislocations occur in the shoulder, elbow,
finger, or thumb.

LOOK FOR THESE SIGNS:

1. swelling
2. deformed look
3. pain and tenderness

IF A DISLOCATION IS SUSPECTED...
1. Apply a splint to the joint to keep it from moving.
2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow blood flow to the area
3. A doctor should be contacted to have the bone set back
into its socket.

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Splints
Must be a straight line break Can be formed to shape of
deformity

Be careful of temperature
change

Head Injuries
1. clear or reddish fluid draining from the ears, nose, or
mouth
2. difficulty in speaking
3. headache
4. unequal size of pupils
5. pale skin
6. paralysis of an arm or leg (opposite side of the injury) or
face (same side of the injury)

PROPER CARE:
1. While waiting on help to arrive, keep the victim lying down
in the recovery position
2. Control any bleeding, and be sure that he is breathing
properly.
3. Do not give the victim any liquids to drink.
4. If the victim becomes unconscious for any amount of
time, keep track of this information so that you can report it
when medical help arrives.

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Neck & Spinal Injuries

CARE AND TREATMENT
o ABC
o urgent ambulance transport
o treat for shock
o treat any other injuries
o maintain body heat
o if movement required, 'log roll'
and use assistants
o always maintain casualty's
head in line with the shoulders

What type of burns are these?

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The first way to control

bleeding is:

DIRECT PRESSURE.

If you get something stuck in

your eye, you should:

o A. Use a tissue or gauze to pull it out.

o B. Flush it with water
o C. Cover the eyes and get to a doctor
o D. Rub it, and blink repeatedly

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Fall victims should be

treated:

o A. The same as burn victims

o B. As if they had a broken neck or spine
o C. As soon as they wake up

Victims of electrical
shock can:
o A. Have serious burns
o B. Be disoriented
o C. Have no pulse
o D. All of the above

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The best place to check for a

pulse is:

o A. The back
o B. The neck
o C. The foot
o D. Inside the left armpit

The biggest killer of burn

victims is:
o A. Shock
o B. Infection
o C. Contamination of blood
o D. First aiders

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When calling 115, you

should tell them:
A. Your location
B. The number of victims
C. The type of injury, if known
D. All of the above

For sprains, you should:

o A. Apply pressure bandages

o B. Soak in hot water
o C. Apply cold packs
o D. Give two rescue breaths

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Moving a victim with

broken bones can result
in:
A. Damage to internal tissues and organs
B. Paralysis
C. Death
D. All of the above

You are most likely to perform first

aid at
o A. Home
o B. Work
o C. Sporting events
o D. On the highway

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