Vibration Table

FREQ
SECOND
PRIMARY TYPICAL ACTIONS OTHER SOLUTIONS (Sourc
MECHANISMS ARY DESCRIPTION CONSECUENCES RESPONSES TOOL
MODE ENVIROMENT RECOMMENDED (POST RUN) M ADT
MODE
DDS)
Non-uniform bit rotation in which the High angle and Surface torque DDS Responses: Increase RPM Consider using less 0.1 - 5
bit stops rotating momentarily at deep wells, hard fluctuation > 15% of Avg X – Avg Y > 1 g. and/or aggressive PDC bit or a HZ
regular intervals, which causes the formations or salt, average. Stick-slip can Decrease WOB. torque feedback system
Stick-Slip string to torque up periodically and use of aggressive cause PDC bit damage, Low to medium (i.e., a “soft torque”).
then spin free. This mechanism sets PDC bits with high lower ROP, connection Peak X and Peak Y. If the stick-slip Reduce stabilizer
up the primary torsional vibrations in WOB. overtorque, back-off, and persists, stop the rotational drag (change
DDS-2, DDSr Torsional Axial the string. drillstring twist-offs. DDSr Response: rotary and restart blade design or number
Drill Saver III Interference with mud SSI > 100%. drilling under a of blades, non-rotating
TEM pulse telemetry, wear on higher RPM and/or stabilizer or roller
stabilizer and bit gauge. lower WOB. reamer). Smooth well
DDS2-M5: profile.
Increased delta RPM along
with other surface indicators.
This is specifically drill collar torsional This specific type of It is most damaging at DDS Response: Adjust RPM to   20 -
resonance as a natural torsional vibration occurs higher rotational speeds move away from 350 HZ
Torsional frequency of the drill collars that is predominantly in where higher amplitude Avg Y – Avg X > 1 g. the excitation
Resonance being excited. It is thought to be very hard rocks resonance at harmonics frequency, typically
caused by impacts of individual when drilled with a of the collars natural Low Average X, 10%. If vibration
Torsional Lateral cutters or by localized excessive side PDC bit. frequency can occur. High Average Y, persists, stop
DDS, forces in the BHA generating a Impact damage can rotating and restart
DDS-2, DDSr, juddering motion. The change in occur to downhole drilling with a
RPM is very small and the frequency equipment. Low Peak X, different RPM.
of the vibration is high. High Peak Y (occasional).

This is the high-frequency PDC bits drilling in Bit cutter impact DDS Response: Adjust RPM up or Modified bit design or bit 20 -
resonance of the bit and BHA. The high compressive damage. High-frequency down to a region selection. 250 HZ
excitation is caused by slightly strength rocks will vibration can cause High Peak Y away from the
eccentric bit rotation where there is create this vibration failure of electronic RPM being used.
cutter interference with the bottom where each cutter equipment due to Medium to High Adjust the WOB if
hole cutting pattern. The cutters ride is impacted on the vibration of electronic Avg X and Avg Y necessary to
Bit Chatter up on to the ridge between formation. components and solder Peak X and Peak Y. remove the
previously cut grooves and then drop joints. This bit condition. If
Lateral Torsional back into the grove. dysfunction can lead to vibration persists,
DDS, bit whirl. stop rotating and
DDS-2, DDSr, restart drilling with
modified
parameters. It may
be necessary to
break the bit in to
reestablish a
cutting pattern.
Eccentric rotation of the bit about a Aggressive side- Bit cutter impact DDS Responses: Reduce RPM. If Consider changing the bit 10 - 50
point other than its geometric center cutting bit (normally damage, overgauge DDS should be placed as vibration persists, (flatter profile, anti-whirl HZ
caused by bit/wellbore gearing PDC bit) in softer hole, BHA connection close to the bit as possible. stop the rotary and PDC bit or a roller cone
(analogous to a planetary gear). The (suaves o lavadas) failures, and MWD restart drilling bit), using stabilized BHA
mechanism induces high-frequency rock, vertical wells. component failures. High Peak X and Peak Y under a lower with full gauge near-bit More
Bit Whirl lateral vibration of the bit and RPM. stabilizer. Blades
(BHA Whirl) drillstring. Medium to high of PDC
Avg X ≈ Avg Y >>
Lateral Torsional
Mirror X-Y Number of Blades*RPM Higher
DDS, Mirror X-Y Freq.
DDS-2, DDSr,
SVSS, IVSS Frequency analysis of the
burst data can show a
dominant peak (between 5
and 100 Hz) of large
magnitude (>1 g2/Hz).
 Similar to bit whirl, the BHA gears Vertical or near- MWD component DDS Responses: Reduce RPM. If Use largest practical drill 0 - 20
around the borehole and results in vertical wells, failures (motor, MWD Similar to that of Bit Whirl vibration persists, collar size and/or packed HZ
severe lateral shocks between the pendulum, or tool, etc.), localized tool stop rotating and hole assembly with full
BHA and the wellbore. BHA whirl unstabilized BHA. joint and/or stabilizer High Peak X and Peak Y restart drilling with gauge stabilizers,
BHA Whirl has been proven as the major Induced by mass wear, washouts or twist- a lower RPM. Reduce stabilizer drag
(Bit Whirl) cause of many drillstring and imbalance of the offs due to connection Medium to high (blade design, non-
MWD component failures. BHA BHA or through fatigue cracks, increased Avg X ≈ Avg Y rotating). In very hard
Lateral Torsional whirl can also occur while rotating/ lateral vibration average torque. and abrasive formations,
DDS, reaming off-bottom. Whirl can occur induced by the BHA Mirror X-Y consider using a
DDS-2, DDSr, in a forward or backward motion. resonating at a downhole mud motor.
SVSS, IVSS critical rotary Frequency analysis of the
Mirror X-Y speed. burst data can show a
dominant peak (between 5
and 100 Hz) of large
magnitude (>1 g2/Hz).
The BHA moves sideways or Hard rock and MWD component DDS Responses: Reduce RPM to Use largest practical drill Irregular
sometimes whirls forward and unbalanced or long failures (motor, MWD reduce the collar size and/or a impacts
backwards randomly (chaos). Unlike unstabilized tool, etc.) localized tool Medium to High drillstring energy. If packed hole assembly
Lateral backward whirl, this chaotic drillstring. Lateral joint and/or stabilizer Peak X ≈ Peak Y vibration persists, with full gauge stabilizers.
Shocks motion often results in medium/high shocks can be wear, washouts or twist- stop rotating and Reduce eccentricity of
peak lateral accelerations but low induced from bit offs due to connection But Low restart drilling with the drillstring. In very
Lateral   average accelerations of the DDS whirl or lateral fatigue cracks, increased Avg X and Avg Y a lower RPM. hard formations, avoid
DDS, data. Lateral shocks have also been movements caused average torque. using an aggressive PDC
DDS-2, DDSr, linked to many MWD and downhole when the drillstring There will be no dominant bit.
SVSS, IVSS tool connection failures. Lateral moves sideways peaks in the frequency plots
shocks of the BHA can be induced during bit bounce. of the burst data.
from either bit whirl or from rotating
an unbalanced drillstring.
Severe lateral vibration induced as Interbedded Severe lateral vibration DDS Response: Increase WOB Modify bit design or use 0.1 - 10
a result of axial excitations caused formations, can induce accelerated and shock sub to dampen HZ
by bit/formation interaction. The undergauge hole. failure in the drillstring. It High Peak X and Peak Y Decrease RPM by axial motion.
dynamic component of axial load is can also create the High Avg X and Avg Y 10%. If vibration
Parametric primarily caused by bit/formation opportunity for borehole persists, stop
Resonance interaction, which results in enlargement, which may May have rotating and restart
Axial fluctuations of weight on bit. Axial lead to poor directional Low peak Z accelerations. drilling with
  fluctuations at a specific frequency control and also lead on modified
Lateral
DDS, will cause lateral deflection of the to whirl and other parameters, RPM
DDS-2, DDSr, drillstring through the small lateral mechanisms of vibration. first.
displacements that are already
occurring (i.e., the small bends that
already exist will be magnified due to
the wave traveling through them).
Axial or longitudinal motion of the Vertical wells, roller The impact loading will DDS Responses: Increase WOB Consider using a less 1 - 10
drillstring resulting in large WOB cone bits in hard damage the drill bit and/or aggressive roller cone bit HZ
fluctuations causing the bit to rock, undergauge cutting structure, High peak Z acceleration. Decrease RPM. and/or a shock sub.
Bit Bounce repeatedly lift-off and impact the hole, ledges, and bearings, and
formation. stringers. seals. The drillstring can If vibration persists,
sustain damage from the stop the rotation,
Axial Torsional
DDS, axial shocks and lateral and then restart
DDS-2, DDSr, shocks induced by the drilling under a
SVSS string flexing. Hoisting lower WOB and/or
equipment may be lower RPM.
damaged in shallow
wells.
A coupling motion among axial, Vertical or near MWD component DDS Responses: Stop rotating and Consider changing bit 0.1 - 20
Modal torsional, and lateral vibrations. The vertical wells, failures, bit cutter impact pick up off style and/or modifying HZ
Coupling coupling motion creates axial and pendulum or damage, collar and High Peak X, Y, Z bottom. Resume BHA (packed hole
Torsional torque oscillations and high lateral unstabilized BHA, stabilizer wear, wash- drilling with assembly). Reduce
DDS, Lateral   shocks of the BHA. The motion is and hard rock. outs and twist-offs due to Low to medium modified WOB and stabilizer drag (blade
DDS-2, DDSr Axial similar to a chaos so the DDS’s connection fatigue Avg X and Avg Y RPM. Attempt a design, non-rotating).
Drill Saver III average data will not be very high. cracks. lower RPM first. Use a torque feedback
May be: Avg X > Avg Y. system. Consider using
the downhole mud motor.