Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lesson 8
Lesson 8
Suffixes
paint painter
Work Worker
shop shopper
Teach Teacher
or (for the person- act actor
who does an
(activity
Operate Operator
sail Sailor
Supervise Supervisor
er & -or are also- Sharpen Sharpener
used for things (pencil-sharpener)
which do a
particular job
open Opener (bottle-
(opener
Grate Grater
Project Projector
er & -ee used to- Employ Employee
form opposites #employer
(er (for doers- (employees =staff)
(ee (for receivers-
Send Sender# addressee
address
1
Pay Payer#payee
ion- complicate complication
pollute Pollution
alternate Alternation
Donate Donation
Promote Promotion
tion- Reduce Reduction
sion- Admit Admission
Noun suffixes –er, -or, -ee, -tion, -ion, -sion change verbs to
.nouns
er, -or are pronounced as–
ə
2
(ideology (Journal (N Journalism
Used for people's * (Terror (N Terrorism
politics, beliefs, (Marx (N Marxism
professions, &
ideologies
ness (used to make- Good Goodness
nouns from Ready Readiness
(adjectives Forgetful Forgetfulness
Happy Happiness
Sad Sadness
Weak weakness
D. Other suffixes
Other noun suffixes *
ment (change verbs- Excite Excitement
(to nouns Enjoy Enjoyment
Replace Replacement
ity (change- Flexible Flexibility
(adjectives to nouns Productive Productivity
Scarce Scarcity
ship(added to- Friend Friendship
( nouns Partner Partnership
member Membership
hood- Child Childhood
(added to nouns) mother motherhood
al (change verbs to- Refuse Refusal
(nouns arrive Arrival
3
Other adjective suffixes*
ive- Passive
(Produce (V Productive
(Act (V
Active
al- (Brute (N Brutal
(Law (N (Legal (lawful
ous- Delicious
(Outrage (N,V Outrageous
(Fury (n Furious
ful- (Forget (V Forgetful
(Hope(N, V Hopeful
(Use (N Useful
less- (Use (N useless
(Home (N Homeless
(Harm (N, V harmless# harmful
ish- (Thirty (n Thirtyish
(Red (Adj Reddish
(Eight (N Eightish
Verb suffixes
ify- (Beauty (N Beautify
(Pure (Adj Purify
(Terror (N Terrify
Pronunciation *
(silent letter (written but not prononuced-
h/ is silent in Buddha, Buddhism, Buddhist/
/Outrageous /e
/Replacement /e
4
/Excitement /e
/homeless /e
Notes on pronunciation
/Reduce /s
/Reduction /k
/Scarce /k/, /s
/Scarcity /k/, /s
/Useless /s
/Useful /s
/Use (n) /s
/Use (V) /z
/Physicist /FIZISIST
/Commercial /sh
/Admission /sh
(Cello (ch
/Delicious /sh
Derivatives *
(Act (V
(Actor, actress, activity (N
(Active (adj
(Operation (N
(Operator (N
(Operate (V
(Sharp (adj
(Shopping (N
(Teaching (N
(Supervision (N
(Employment (N
(Alternative (N
5
(Readability (N
(Modernization (N
(Industrialization (N
(Excited (Adj
(Hopefully (Adv
(Pay (V
(Paid (Adj
(Payable (Adj
(Payment (N
(Terror (N
(Terrorism (N
(Terrify (V
(Pollution (N
(Polluted (Adj
(Flex (V
(Flexible (Adj
(Flexibility (N
(Produce(V
(Product (N
(Productive (Adj
(Production (N
(Productivity (N
(Brute (N
(Brutal (Adj
(Brutality (N
(Brutalize (V
(Legality (N
(Legalize (V
(Purify (V
(Pure (Adj
(Purity (N
(Donor (N
(Donation (N
(Donate (V
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(Beautiful (Adj
(Beauty (N
(Beautify (V
(Weak (Adj
(Weaken (N
(Physical (Adj
(Physics (N
(Physicist (N
(Commercial (Adj
(Commerce (N
(Commercialize (V
Irregular Verbs *
Write wrote written
Teach taught taught
Pay paid paid
Bend bent bent
Forget forgot forgotten
Drink drank drunk
Read read read
Forgive forgave forgiven