Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2) | Electrical Notes & Articles

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Sharing Abstracts,Notes on various Electrical Engineering Topics.

Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2)

AUGUST 6, 2013 17 COMMENTS (HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2013/08/06/ELECTRICAL-THUMB-

RULES-PART-2/#COMMENTS)

Useful Equations:

For Sinusoidal Current : Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value=1.11

For Sinusoidal Current : Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value =1.414
Average Value of Sinusoidal Current(Iav)=0.637xIm (Im= Max.Value)
RMS Value of Sinusoidal Current(Irms)=0.707xIm (Im= Max.Value)
A.C Current=D.C Current/0.636.
Phase Di erence between Phase= 360/ No of Phase (1 Phase=230/1=360°,2Phase=360/2=180°)
Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (Isc)=(0.094xCable Dia in Sq.mm)/ Short Circuit Time (Sec)
Max.Cross Section Area of Earthing Strip(mm2) = (Fault Current x Fault Current x Operating Time of Disconnected Device ) / K

K=Material Factor, K for Cu=159, K for Alu=105, K for steel=58 , K for GI=80
Most Economical Voltage at given Distance=5.5x ((km/1.6)+(kw/100))
Cable Voltage Drop(%)=(1.732xcurrentx(Rcos +jsin )x1.732xLength (km)x100)/(Volt(L-L)x Cable Run.
Spacing of Conductor in Transmission Line (mm) = 500 + 18x (P-P Volt) + (2x (Span in Length)/50).
Protection radius of Lighting Arrestor = hx (2D-h) + (2D+L). Where h= height of L.A, D-distance of equipment (20, 40, 60Meter),
L=Vxt (V=1m/ms, t=Discharge Time).
Size of Lighting Arrestor= 1.5x Phase to Earth Voltage or 1.5x (System Voltage/1.732).
Maximum Voltage of the System= 1.1xRated Voltage (Ex. 66KV=1.1×66=72.6KV)
Load Factor=Average Power/Peak Power
If Load Factor is 1 or 100% = This is best situation for System and Consumer both.
If Load Factor is Low (0 or 25%) =you are paying maximum amount of KWH consumption. Load Factor may be increased by
switching or use of your Electrical Application.
Demand Factor= Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load (Demand Factor <1)
Demand factor should be applied for Group Load
Diversity Factor= Sum of Maximum Power Demand / Maximum Demand (Demand Factor >1)
Diversity factor should be consider for individual Load
Plant Factor(Plant Capacity)= Average Load / Capacity of Plant
Fusing Factor=Minimum Fusing Current / Current Rating (Fusing Factor>1).
Voltage Variation(1 to 1.5%)= ((Average Voltage-Min Voltage)x100)/Average Voltage
Ex: 462V, 463V, 455V, Voltage Variation= ((460-455) x100)/455=1.1%.
Current Variation(10%)= ((Average Current-Min Current)x100)/Average Current
Ex:30A,35A,30A, Current Variation=((35-31.7)x100)/31.7=10.4%
Fault Level at TC Secondary=TC (VA) x100 / Transformer Secondary (V) x Impedance (%)
Motor Full Load Current= Kw /1.732xKVxP.FxE ciency

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Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2) | Electrical Notes & Articles
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About Jignesh.Parmar
Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member of Institution of Engineers (MIE) and
CEng,India. Membership No:M-1473586.He has more than 16 years experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy theft
detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He is Presently
associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical
Articles in “Electrical Mirror”, “Electrical India”, “Lighting India”,”Smart Energy”, “Industrial Electrix”(Australian Power
Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS,
NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his
experience & Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to nd suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering
Topics.

17 Responses to Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2)

kashif hussain says:

August 6, 2013 at 3:15 pm
Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (Isc)=(0.094xCable Dia in Sq.mm)/ Short Circuit Time (Sec)……….what and why is 0.094?..
thanks in advance

Reply
Edward Carlos Donkoh says:
August 6, 2013 at 4:58 pm
i so grateful the information,PLEASE I WILL like to know how to calculate surge circuit breaker

Reply
P.Sivanpandi says:
August 6, 2013 at 11:17 pm
One small issue in our plant to nd the neutral line
all phases are giving correct voltge level with phase to neutral also if we give supply to appliance it ge ing o 4 days we are tried
to nd the problem nally we got the answer that neutral line is disconnected earth line acting neutral line
in this case how can judge and nd the neutral line fault

Reply

2 of 4 07-04-2018, 20:01
Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2) | Electrical Notes & Articles
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vipulkadakia@TORRENTPOWER.COM says:

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August 7, 2013 at 3:26 am
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Regards

Vipul Kadakia

Manager ( Dist – NZ).

Torrent Power Ltd

9276055878

Reply
Sri Nivas says:
August 7, 2013 at 8:23 am
Very Informative………. Keep on going guys… very good job…

Reply
Rajan Bhandari says:
August 7, 2013 at 5:54 pm
Sir, can you explain how A.C. =D.C./0.636 .

Reply
Vrajesh Gadaria says:
August 10, 2013 at 5:17 pm
11kv system na current nu KWh,KW,MW,MWh karvu hoy to ? 66 kv system na current nu KWh,KW,MW,MWh karvu hoy to ?
Same as. 132kv,220kv,400kv,765kv

Reply
Vrajesh Gadaria says:
August 10, 2013 at 5:18 pm
JE Getco

Reply
vamsi says:
September 26, 2013 at 1:25 pm
as a site engineer , it is great collection of formulae for me, bt regarding (spacing of conductor in transmission line how the value
(500 ,18,50)in *500+18*p-pv+2* span length /50 came from?

Reply
Mahesh says:
March 24, 2014 at 4:30 am
What is P in above equation? (P-PV)

Reply
Jignesh.Parmar says:
March 24, 2014 at 6:45 pm
Phase to Phase Voltage !!!!
(Line Voltage)

prasildas p says:
December 19, 2013 at 5:50 am
what is thumb rule for voltage drop?
sir ,please answer it

Reply
Mohan Krishnasmay says:
January 2, 2014 at 4:00 pm
Dear Sir,

I have small doubt about your earth bar calculation, this is which standard because i am ge ing correct sq.mm that only ask. In
case of any customer asking means how to i explain.

Mohan K

3 of 4 07-04-2018, 20:01
Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2) | Electrical Notes & Articles
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k.srikanth says:
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Hw is measured by dyn1 nd dyn11 vector connection in transformer. plz send it sirji…..
Thanks sir

Reply
Edwin says:
October 7, 2015 at 11:02 am
what are all the standard fault level as per IS?

Reply
ashok says:
December 25, 2015 at 8:25 am
Dear Jignesh sir,

In power transformers can we get value of Inductor (L) .

Reply
yogesh nagare says:
April 25, 2017 at 6:50 am
VERY NICE

Reply

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