Aisc Student Steel Bridge - Structural Analysis and Design Using GT Strudl

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

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Thank you from the Author:
Thank God for a great life and blessing me with good parents, mentors, teachers, work colleagues and friends.
Thanks to my lovely wife (Megha) and son (Aakash) for supporting me to write this material on my personal
vacations and weekends! I hope you don’t mind me taking photographs of structures, structural components
and other engineering marvels while I am spending time with you.
Thanks to AISC for organizing such a fascinating competition that is fun to participate in and also fun to watch.
Great things happen and great engineers are born from these activities.
Thanks to all the students who will benefit from this knowledge and please feel free to email me with your
comments and suggestions. rozarker@yahoo.com
Ravindra Ozarker, P.E., P.Eng.
©2020
Published: April 4, 2020

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CONTENTS
Chapter 1: AISC 2019 Student Steel Bridge Competition ..............................................................................................7

Chapter 2: Preface .........................................................................................................................................................9
Force Behind This Action ...........................................................................................................................................9
Chapter 3: Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................18
Chapter 4: Bridge Analysis and Design using Hand Calculations .................................................................................23
Chapter 5: Bridge Geometry ........................................................................................................................................38
Launching GT STRUDL ..............................................................................................................................................38
Creating Custom Cross Sections ..............................................................................................................................39
Chapter 6: Creating the Bridge Geometry in GT STRUDL ............................................................................................46
Chapter 7: Splitting Members to Create Additional Members ....................................................................................78
Chapter 8: Generating Text Representation of Models for Review ............................................................................94
Chapter 9: Graphical Model for Model Review and Presentation ..............................................................................97
Chapter 10: Creating Supports ..................................................................................................................................107
Chapter 11: Creating Load cases ...............................................................................................................................111
Chapter 12: Check model connectivity and resolving errors .....................................................................................114
Chapter 13: Adding test loads for aisc 2019 bridge competetion .............................................................................121
Chapter 14: Leveraging the STructural Design Language (STRUDL) ..........................................................................131
Chapter 15: Design ....................................................................................................................................................142
Chapter 16: Making use of the Input file ...................................................................................................................145
Chapter 17: References .............................................................................................................................................146
Appendix A.................................................................................................................................................................147
Final model as per the procedure discussed in this book. .....................................................................................147
Appendix B .................................................................................................................................................................162
Challenge – Non-Linear Analysis and varying support conditions model ..............................................................162
Appendix C .................................................................................................................................................................177
Model Altered Using GT MENU, Challenge – Non-Linear Analysis And Varying Support Conditions Model ........177
Author’s Bio ...............................................................................................................................................................203

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

USING GT STRUDL
CHAPTER 1: AISC 2019 STUDENT STEEL BRIDGE COMPETITION
GT STRUDL is a general-purpose structural analysis and design tool used in many

industries. This software can be used for any type of structure such as buildings,
bridges, docks and harbors, towers, refineries, nuclear power plants, stadiums, and
culverts.
American Institute of steel construction organizes a student steel bridge

competition every year to encourage our future engineers to solve problems.
Students are encouraged to think about not just analysis of structures but planning,
construction sequencing, cost, safety, team work. Focus is not just strength of
structures/materials, but also lightness, constructability, speed, aesthetics efficacy
and economy.

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“The task of structural analysis and design is the most

fundamental and complex task in structural engineering
which will require several calculations, several changes, and
design iterations to not only satisfy strength criteria but the
other factors too. Our goal is to make this task seem easy,
graphical and enjoyable/educational task for these
hardworking future engineers using commercially available
tools which can be downloaded for free by students.”

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CHAPTER 2: PREFACE
FORCE BEHIND THIS ACTION
Long time ago, I had attended the student steel bridge competition in Las Vegas
completely not knowing the scale of this competition. Staying in a moderate motel
in Las Vegas, I was amazed to see all these students actually practicing their bridge
assembly on the streets while most people would actually go down to do other
things in town. I watched their mentors spend time with them with stop watches
and it was absolutely fabulous to see the amount of hard work and energy in these
students. I never had the pleasure to work on this specific competition but
something that was close to it was the popsicle bridge competition. We had to
analyze and design the bridge which were later load tested. Everyone wanted to
be the best and I did not win that competition but tried to approach the problem
using my knowledge of structural analysis at that time. I had used SAP 2000 at that
time and remember that I could get it to work but it was a lot of work as there was
nothing available to get myself trained for what I wanted to achieve. All that
knowledge has helped me but I think it is time to share my knowledge.
Last year I visited the same place where me and my friends had spent hours and
hours thinking about structural engineering and I noticed the beautiful bridge made
by students. Following are some pictures.

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Figure 1: Steel Bridge for steel bridge competition. The canoe is probably for another competition.

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Figure 2: Connection details for student steel bridge competition

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Could not resist getting more photographs but family was waiting for me. I sent
the photos to my engineering colleagues. There is a lot of thought that these
students have put into this bridge design which perhaps could have helped me if
we had the opportunity to work on these bridges. The way these pieces come
together, so accurately means there are a few budding engineers and fabricators
now who know about real world challenges when they come and work in the
industry. This book is a result of knowledge that I have gained from many
wonderful experiences and knowledgeable individuals. I started writing this book
in 2018 during my weekends when family was asleep or holidays when we had
nothing else to do. At that time GT STRUDL 2018 R1 was available and I was
preparing this document for 2019 AISC bridge competition. I got caught up with
other things in life and unfortunately this project took a back seat. I made it a
priority again in 2020 but could not address the AISC 2020/2021 bridge design
competition requirements. But based on my 10 years of experience with this
competition, things change for sure however the overall requirements are similar

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from year to year. This book should be useful for most future AISC steel bridge
competitions to better analyze and design steel bridges.
One request for anyone who comes across this book. This book is for free but
please save paper and don’t print everything if you don’t have to. These days pdfs
can be easily be distributed, copied, stored and modified. You may do anything
with it and I have tried to make this book “overly visual”. A picture is worth a
thousand words and I have inserted a lot of images. That is how I learned software
in the past. Let us save some trees and let our future generation also enjoy them.
Let us try to learn from a digital medium.
This book was written on my personal resources and time using the student
version of GT STRUDL. The demo version of this software can be downloaded on
the following website:
https://hexagonppm.com/products/analysis-product-family/gt-strudl

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CHAPTER 3: INTRODUCTION
Recent Kilauea volcanic eruptions and flows in the Hawaiian Islands have made the
National Parks inaccessible. The National Park commission is interested in paying
tribute to the historic steel bridges and railroads by constructing new steel bridges.
A feasibility study has been conducted which requested students to come up with
the best design for a limited access, short span bridge to cross a river and past LAVA
flows. The bridge is expected to carry the weight of bicycles, pedestrians, park
vehicles and emergency vehicles but no private motor vehicles. There is no need
to design for these specific loads at this point as the selection committee will be
using simulated loads to test the bridges designed by students. Most of this is
discussed in detail in Ref (1).
These steel bridges if selected will only be selected because of their cost,
construction cost and duration and aesthetics. Park Engineers will award the
contract to the company that best satisfies these objectives.
One of the categories in which a company can win in is Structural Efficiency Cs. Cs
is calculated using the following formula:

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Students can develop a simple calculator or download the following one to obtain
their Cs factors based on computer simulations.
For example, if a design team aims for a light 80-pound bridge, the total cost will
be $6.65 million.
If a design team aims for a light 80-pound bridge, the total cost will be $6.65 million.
But keep in mind that a lighter bridge has less steel and may deflect more only an
extra 0.3” displacement can increase the Cs from $6.65 Million to $7.625 Million as
shown below.

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Now let us say that that the same bridge has beefed up sections and the bridge
now weighs 160 pounds and the deflection is reduced to 1.5 in aggregate, the cost
would be $ 5.075 Million.
If the bridge weighs more than 200 pounds, and the deflection is reduced to 0.5 in
aggregate, the structural efficiency would be $3.075 Million. But there are other
issues to worry about as weight of the bridge starts increasing like constructability
and clearances.

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Engineers are expected to come up with the optimum structure-weight (model

input) and structure-deflection (model-output) balance that will work for the
structural system that a team has chosen to solve this problem and finally construct
it. At the same time, it is expected that no structure element/connection will fail.
Although hand-based methods can be used, it would be extremely painful to repeat
to come up with quick changes and what-if studies if computer software like GT
STRUDL is not used.
The following picture shows the construction/transportation zones, the river that
might have LAVA in it and the staging yards. Also note the foundation of the bridge
needs to be at the exact location specified by the park engineers.

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The following picture shows the zone in which the final bridge structure should be
constraint to.
The purpose of this book is to help students with the structural analysis and
design of these bridges and perform virtual computer aided simulations to predict
how their designs would perform during the competition.

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CHAPTER 4: BRIDGE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING HAND CALCULATIONS
The following information is not provided to scare you all. Many people wonder how structural analysis software
come up with the member forces, displacements and support reactions. The computer actually views the
structure as a matrix analysis problem. Based on the inputs provided by the users, the software generates stiffness
matrices and load matrices and solve for deflections. One of the most fundamental reason why we need to utilize
computers to do our analysis is because these calculations can become very complicated and tedious as the
number of members increase. A typical structure for student steel bridge competition may have 100+ members.
All these members are provided to make the structural system stable and also to provide adequate redundancy.
Let us take a look at a simple 22’ bridge structure with only five members. This is not a practical bridge structure
but we will study how the computer software views the problem and reports these results to us.
A 22’ bridge structure made up of structural steel shapes (W4 x 13, W5 x 16 and HSS 2 X 2 X 1/4) needs to be
designed for a 2k/ft loading. The modulus of elasticity of steel is 4176000 ksf.
2 4 5 3
The above image shows the structure with the beam numbers.
1 2
3 4
The above image shows the structure with the joint numbers.

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d4
d2
2
2
d3
d1
d8
d6 2
2
d7
d5
The above image shows the structure with the degrees of freedom.
Joint x (ft) y (ft)

1 0 3
2 22 3
3 0 0
4 22 0
Member i J Area (in2) Length (ft) Cx Cy

1 1 2 3.83 22 1 0
2 3 1 4.71 3 0 1
3 4 2 4.71 3 0 1
4 1 4 1.51 22.2036 0.99083 -0.13113
5 3 2 1.51 22.2036 0.99083 0.13113
Joint Displacement Matrix
𝛿1
𝛿2
𝛿3
𝛿 ∆
[∆𝑐 ] = 4 = [ 𝑢 ]
𝛿5 ∆𝑟
𝛿6
𝛿7
[𝛿8 ]

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The stiffness matrix for each member needs to be formed for all five members shown above.
s
r
u
t
k
j
Member stiffness matrix can be created using the following matrix.
𝑟 𝑠 𝑡 𝑢
𝑟 0 0 0 0 𝑟 𝑠 𝑡 𝑢
𝑠 0 0 0 0 𝑟 0 0 0 0
[𝐾𝑇 ] = 3.83𝐸 3.83𝐸 =0.174𝐸 𝑠 0 0 0 0
𝑡 0 0 − 𝑡 0 0 1 −1
22 22
3.83𝐸 3.83𝐸 [𝑢 0 0 −1 1 ]
[𝑢 0 0 −
22 22 ]
The numbers in at the top and the left of the matrix in blue denote the degree of freedom (address). Direction 2
and 4 are the directions that correspond to directions r and s shown in the above figure.
2 4 1 3
2 0 0 0 0
̅
[𝐾𝑇 ] = 0.174𝐸 4 0 0 0 0 where
1 0 0 1 −1
[3 0 0 −1 1 ]
The direction cosines are calculated using the following matrix.
𝑟 𝑠 𝑡 𝑢
𝑟 𝑐𝑦2 −𝑐𝑦2 𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑦 −𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑦
̅𝑇 ] = 𝐴𝐸 𝑠
[𝐾 −𝑐𝑦2 𝑐𝑦2 −𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑦 𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑦
𝐿
𝑡 𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑦 −𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑦 𝑐𝑥2 −𝑐𝑥2
[𝑢 −𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑦 𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑦 −𝑐𝑥2 𝑐𝑥2 ]
The E is included in the matrices and the new stiffness matrices for each member is shown below.

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From the above transformed stiffness matrix, the complete structure stiffness can be assembled.
𝑆𝑐 =
The numbers shown in red correspond to the degrees of freedom and each number in the matrix was obtained
from the member matrices using the address.
𝑆𝑢𝑢 𝑆𝑢𝑟
𝑆𝑐 = [ ]
𝑆𝑟𝑢 𝑆𝑟𝑟
The top left matrix is the Suu matrix that needs to be inverted.
[𝑆𝑢𝑢 ]−1 =
The load applied to member 1 is applied to the two joints it is attached to. 22 kip/ft * 22 ft /2 = 22 kips nodal force
at two nodes (i.e. direction 2 and 4). The joint load matrix is constructed using this information.
0
22
0
22 𝐽𝐿
[𝐽𝐿𝐶 ]= 0 = [ 𝑢]
𝐽𝐿𝑟
0
0
[0]

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The displacement matrix can now be calculated using the inverse of the S uu matrix and the Joint load matrix.
∆𝑢 = [𝑆𝑢𝑢 ]−1 [𝐽𝐿𝑢 ]
The above matrix calculation shows that the displacement at the top of Member 1 will be 0.000483. You maybe
wondering that it took all that work to come up with the displacement which would have consumed a lot less time
if we would have used simple procedures such as principle of virtual work. This maybe true for simpler structures
but as structures become complex and start having lots of redundancies, more organized methods such as matrix
analysis approach shown above is required. Thank fully software products like GT STRUDL are available to
engineers working in a commercial environment to analyze and design their structures. When the geometry,
support and loading information is provided in GT STRUDL, the engineer can run the analysis and monitor the
progress of the output. The output will make more sense to you now. Note the lines “ASSEMBLE THE STIFFNESS
MATRIX” and “TIME TO PROCESS 4 JOINT DISPLACEMENTS” that was discussed above.

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Note that computers can perform these types of matrix calculations in a fraction of a second. Structural models
are rarely this simple. Design codes also require engineers to perform non-linear analysis with numerous load
combinations which can take 0.5 hrs to solve. A school building structure with 600 load combinations and non-
linear analysis took close to 15 min to solve because of the non-linear analysis feature which is required by the 16th
Ed. AISC 360 steel design code.

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Coming back to the simple truss problem note that the displacement reported in GT STRUDL interface matches the
hand calculated value.
Inverting the matrix and finding the displacement is the hard part. For a linear static analysis, the same stiffness
matrix can be utilized for other load combinations to calculate the displacements and hence linear static analysis is
much faster than the non-linear analysis procedures. In a non-linear analysis procedure, the stiffness matrix may
change form load combination to load combination. The bridges used for the student steel bridge completions will
have a different support condition for the lateral load test. Students may use two different models to do the
analysis and design or use GT STRUDL’s powerful non-linear analysis to analyze and design their bridges.

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STRUDL ' '
$$
$$ This GTSTRUDL file created from GTMenu on 2/ 3/2019
$$
UNITS FEET LBS DEG FAH
JOINT COORDINATES GLOBAL
1 0.0000000E+00 3.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
2 2.2000000E+01 3.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
3 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
4 2.2000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
TYPE PLANE TRUSS XY

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INCIDENCES
1 1 2
2 3 1
3 4 2
8 3 2
9 4 1
MEMBER PROPERTIES TABLE 'W-AISC14' 'W4x13 '
MEMBER PROPERTIES TABLE 'W-AISC14' 'W5x16 '
2 3
MEMBER PROPERTIES TABLE 'RecHSS14' 'HSS2x2x1/4 '
8 9
STATUS SUPPORT -
3 4
JOINT RELEASES
3 4 -
MOM X Y Z
MATERIAL STEEL
DEFINE PHYSICAL MEMBER 'PM1' MEMBERS -

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LOADING 1 'UDL'
JOINT LOADS FOR Y -2.2000000E+04
JOINT LOADS FOR Y -2.2000000E+04

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CHAPTER 5: BRIDGE GEOMETRY
LAUNCHING GT STRUDL
1. Click on the start icon in Windows Operating system (usually on the bottom left hand side). Locate the GT
STRUDL 2018 R1 icon. Users can also search for the icon. Once you locate the icon, you can pin it to the
task bar. Click on the GT STRUDL 2018 R1 icon.
2. The Welcome to GT STRUDL dialog box will appear.

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3. Double click on the Command icon in the Welcome to GT STRUDL dialog box. The GT STRUDL 2018R1
Output window will open.
CREATING CUSTOM CROSS SECTIONS
4. Click on Modelling -> Data Management -> Create Cross-Section Property Database menu command.
5. The Create Cross Section Property Database dialog box will appear.

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6. Select the File->New Cross-section menu item from the Create Cross Section Property Database dialog box.
7. The Create a New Cross-section Property Database dialog box will appear.

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8. Select the Structural Tube cross-sections option in the Create a New Cross-section Property Database dialog
box.
9. Press the Next button in the Create a New Cross-section Property Database dialog box.
10. The Create Cross-Section Property for Structural Tubing will appear. Enter the dimensions of the structural
tubing for the bridge geometry as shown in the following table.

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11. Click on the File->Save menu item.
12. A dialog box will appear which will ask the user to save the values. Press the Yes button to save the values.

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13. Press the File->Exit menu item to exit the Create Cross-Section Property for Structural Tubing dialog box.
14. Click on File->Exit menu item to exit GT STRUDL.

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15. A dialog box will appear which will ask the user to confirm if he/she really intends to exit GT STRUDL. Press the
Yes button to exit GT STRUDL.

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16. A dialog box will appear which will ask the user to confirm if he/she intends to save the GT STRUDL output.
Press the No button to exit GT STRUDL without saving the file.

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CHAPTER 6: CREATING THE BRIDGE GEOMETRY IN GT STRUDL
1. Click on the GT STRUDL 2018 R1 icon from the Windows Operating System task bar.
2. The Welcome to GT STRUDL dialog box will appear.

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3. Double click on the GT Menu icon in the Welcome to GT STRUDL dialog box. The GT Menu window will
open which is the graphical user interface of GT STRUDL. Set the unit system to Feet and Kips by clicking on Units -
> Active Units menu command.
4. Click on Create->Place Member menu item in GT Menu.
5. Note that the Place Members options will appear on the right-hand side.

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6. In the place members options dialogue box on the right-hand side data area specify the section name using the
button press the button.
7. The section properties dialog box will appear.

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8. Select the User Defined Tables tree item on the left-hand side in the section properties dialog box (i.e. under
Table Name).

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9. You will see the custom section properties the we had defined in the section names box after you click on the
T15 tree item. (i.e. under Section Names).
10. Double click on each of the section names to get them on the right-hand side table which is labeled existing
section properties from table.
11. Click on the Done button.
12. The GT Menu interface will appear.
13. Select the Coordinates radio button in the menu and also make sure that the Analytical Member option is
selected in this exercise. We will only create analytical members.

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14. In the place members dialogue box on the right-hand side data area select steel as the material T2.0 as the
section. Select the start, length & direction radio button in the definition method and type in the length as
1.66667 in the Length input box.

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15. Press the Generate Members button in the Place Members dialogue box. The Enter data dialog box will
appear.
16. Specify the coordinate as 0 in the Enter Data dialog box and press the OK button.
17. A member will appear in the GT STRUDL graphics but this is just a preview for the user. To accept this member,
click on the Store button.

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18. Select the Joints radio button in the menu. In the Place Member dialog box on the right-hand side
check the Offset check box and enter 0,0,2’-8”.

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19. Left click in the graphics window and press the I key on your keyboard. This will show an isometric
view of the structure in the graphics window.

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20. Select the Joint radio button in the menu.
21. Click on the Generate Members button in the Place Members dialog box on the right-hand side Data
Area.
22. Now that Generate Members command is expecting the user to click on a joint in the graphics. Click
on the Base Node of the member that we have already created.

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23. A second member will appear in the graphics window.
24. Click on the Store button.
25. Now we will create the third member at a spacing of 19 feet in the Global X direction. Type in 19, 0, 0
in the Offset input box in the Place Members dialog box.
26. Click on the Generate Members button and click on the base node of the second column that we had
created.
28. Click the Generate button.

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29. Click on the node shown above.
30. Click on the store button.

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31. Repeat the process on the other member.
32. Click on the Generate button on the right-hand side.

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33. Click on the node point as shown above by following the instructions given above.

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34. The beams along the horizontal direction need to be created. Select the Connect End to End option in the
Place Members dialog box and click on the Generate Members button.
Exercise:
Create an extra vertical member as shown below using the knowledge that you have gained so far.

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35. Click on the two nodes as shown above.

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36. Click on the two nodes as shown above to create one more beam.

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38. Provide all the input shown above to create an additional beam parallel to the one that was created before.

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39. Click on the node as shown above. A new beam will appear.

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41. Provide the inputs as shown above.

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42. Click on the node as shown above. A new parallel beam will appear in the graphics window.

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44. Provide the inputs as shown above. Note that this dialog box accepts mixed unit system. This input was
provided to create the top chord of the bridge structure.
45. Click on the nodes as shown below. Note that the top chord will be created with reference to the node that
the GT STRUDL user clicks.

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46. Click the Store button.

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CHAPTER 7: SPLITTING MEMBERS TO CREATE ADDITIONAL MEMBERS
1. Select the Edit->Split Members menu command. The Split Members inputs will appear on the right-hand
side data pane.
2. Click on the Select Members to Split button on the right.
3. Select the four newly created members as shown below by left clicking on them. Right click in the
graphics window to finalize the selection.

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5. Provide the inputs as shown below and press the Split Members button. The split member preview will
be shown in the GT STRUDL graphics. (use 4 splits for student version)
6. Press the store button to accept the layout.

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8. Select the Create->Place Members menu command. The Place Members inputs will appear on the right-
hand side.
9. Provide the inputs as shown below in the Place Members data pane on the right-hand side.

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11. Provide the inputs as shown below in the Place Members data pane on the right-hand side. Click the
Generate Members button on the right-hand side and create the members on the deck level as shown
below in orange color.
12. GT STRUDL users may hold the right mouse button down and move the mouse to rotate the structure in
the graphics window very easily. This may become very useful for complex structural geometries.
13. Click the Store button on the right-hand side

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15. Click the Generate Members button on the right-hand side and create the members on the top chord
level as shown below in orange color.

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17. Click the Store button on the right-hand side.

18. To create the vertical members on the deck level, click on the Generate Members button.

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20. Provide the inputs as shown below.
21. Click the Generate button to create the braces. Users may provide additional member specifications such
as releases when these members are being created.

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23. Click the Generate button to create the braces. Users may provide additional member specifications such
as releases when these members are being created.
24. To create a few horizontal bracing members, click on the Generate button again and create the members
as shown below in orange color.

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26. Click the Generate button to create an additional bracing member as shown below.

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28. The vertical supporting bracing members need to be created. Provide the inputs as shown below and
click the Generate button to create vertical bracing members as shown below.

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30. Now let us create some cross bracing. Click on the Generate button and create the braces as shown
below.

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31. Click on the Store button to accept the changes.

32. Click on the Edit->Member Data menu command.

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33. Select the Analytical Member radio button.
34. Click on the Delete Member button.

35. Select the highlighted leg of the bridge as shown in the picture below. Right click in the graphics window
to finalize the delete operation.
36. A message box will appear. Click on the Yes button.

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37. Note that the leg member will disappear but there will be an orphan node left in the graphics. This node
should be deleted before running a structural analysis.
38. GT STRUDL has the capability to detect and delete floating node points. Click on Check -> Duplicate &
Floating Joints menu command.

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39. The floating joint will appear in the list of joints on the right-hand side data area. Click on Delete All
button on the right-hand side data area to get rid of the floating joint.
40. The model can be displayed in full rendered mode by clicking on the Redraw Solid icon on the icon bar.

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41. The rendered mode of the bridge will be displayed in the GT STRUDL user interface as shown below.

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CHAPTER 8: GENERATING TEXT REPRESENTATION OF MODELS FOR REVIEW
1. GT STRUDL stands for Georgia Tech STructural Design Language. This language allows engineers to share
and review models easily without having to deal with binary code. Click on the File->Generate GT
STRUDL/GTSELOS text input menu command.
2. The Generate GT STRUDL Analysis Program Input dialog box will appear. Click in the Generate Input File
button.

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3. The Generate Input File Name dialog box will appear. Type the name of the file in the File Name text box.
4. Click the Save button.

5. Note that the location of the file will be displayed in the Generated Files box. Double click on the
generate file and notepad will open to display the STRUDL text representation of the file. This file can be
sent via email to anyone with GT STRUDL. They can simply copy and paste the text into GT Command
mode and open the model.

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CHAPTER 9: GRAPHICAL MODEL FOR MODEL REVIEW AND PRESENTATION
Bridges built by students maybe complex to be shown in a 3D diagram. This can make model review and
presentation a complicated task. GT STRUDL provides engineers with automatic view generation and labeling
options.
1. On the right-hand side data area, select the View tab.
2. Click on the More Options button.

3. Click on the Automatic Views button.

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4. Select X as the Planes perpendicular to Global Axis radio button.

5. Press the Generate Views button.

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6. Select Y as the Planes perpendicular to Global Axis radio button.


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8. Select Z as the Planes perpendicular to Global Axis radio button.

10. Close the Automatic Planar Views dialog box by clicking on the x icon.

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12. Select the Y=1.7 ft view.

13. Select the GTView window and drag and drop it in the center of the screen.
14. Left click in both view windows and press the “I” key on the keyboard. The “I” key is a shortcut key for
activating the isometric view.
15. Left click in the left view windows and select the Z=3.3 ft view in the list of views.

103
17. Click the Annotate Model icon.

18. Click on the Joints button.
19. Click on the two top chord Joints in the left view window. Note that GT STRUDL will provide the
dimensions between any two existing joints.

104
21. Click on the two top chord Display Model icon.

22. Click on Section Name button on the right-hand side.
23. Note the section names will appear on all analytical members. This would be very cluttered in a 3D View.

105
25. Users may also mark members with a specific property using a distinct colored marker icon. Select a
section in the Sections combo box.
26. Press the Mark button.
27. Try marking another section.

106
29. Left click on the right view window and press xy keys on the keyboard. The xy elevation of the structure
will be displayed.

107
CHAPTER 10: CREATING SUPPORTS
1. Left click on the right view window and press xy keys on the keyboard. The xy elevation of the structure
will be displayed.
2. Select the Fencing option radio button to activate the fence mode to assign supports.

108
3. Select the Create -> Supports and Releases menu command.
4. The support release options will appear on the right-hand side.

5. Check the FX, FY and FZ check boxes to create a pinned support.
6. Click on the Create Support button on the right-hand side. Remember that the rectangle fence selection
is on and any nodes included in the defined rectangular area will be supported.
7.

109
8. Fence around the bottom nodes of the bridge.
9. Press the Yes button. Note that the nodes enclosed in the fence region are now pin supported.

110

111
CHAPTER 11: CREATING LOAD CASES
1. Select the Create -> Loads -> Selfweight menu command.
2. Type the description of the loading as SELFWEIGHT LOAD in the Description text box.
3. Press the Store New button.

112
4. Note in this case Y axis is the axis of gravity. The load needs to be created along the Negative Y direction.
This is the default in Direction combo box. Hence no changes are required. Click on Generate Loads
button.
5. Press the Yes button.

113
6. The distributed load is displayed in the view window.

114
CHAPTER 12: CHECK MODEL CONNECTIVITY AND RESOLVING ERRORS
Structural analysis can become very complex as engineers start adding more loads and load combinations. If a
model has modelling errors, engineers will end up spending way too much time combing through load and design
parameters inputs. One of the ways to resolve modelling errors is to see how a structure behaves due to its own
self weight.
1. Select the Analysis -> Linear Stiffness Analysis -> Stiffness Analysis Standard menu command.

115
3. GT STRUDL will run the analysis and display any error messages if there are modelling errors. Modelling
errors may include connectivity errors, too many member releases, insufficient support conditions and
more.

6. Click on Results -> Deformed Structure menu command to visualize the displaced shape of the structure.

116
7. Left click in the window that shows the displaced shape and press the “I” key on the keyboard.
8. Click on Results -> Deformed Structure menu command.

9. On the right-hand side data area, Set the Animation Speed to 10 and press the Animate button.
10. Stop the animation by clicking on the Stop Animation button on the right-hand side.

117
12. Press the Legend button on the right-hand side data area.
13. Left click at the location where the legend needs to be placed in the graphics window.

118
14. Press the Label button on the right-hand side data area.
15. Left click on any joint on the model where the displacement needs to be shown. Left click again to specify
the location of the label.
16. Left click on the left-hand side view window.

119
17. Select the Plane Y=1.67 ft view in the views window.
18. Select the Force Moment Diagrams and Envelopes menu command.

120
19. Select the Moment radio button and select the MZ option.
20. Chick on the Select Members button and press the Yes button to select all members displayed in the
selected view.
21. Check the Label Max & Min check box.
22. Press the Label button to see the moment diagram about the Z axis.

121
CHAPTER 13: ADDING TEST LOADS FOR AISC 2019 BRIDGE COMPETETION
Tasks: Adding two load cases:
• Lateral Load of 0.0341 kips along the global z direction. This load case will have a vertical
component of -0.041 kip/ft member load applied to a member also.
• Vertical load of 0.0682 kip/ft distributed member load to four members
1. Select the Create -> Loads -> Active Independent Load menu command.
2. Input the Name as 2 and Description as Lateral Load on the right-hand side data area.
3. Press the Store New button. Note that the Load Type options will appear on the right-hand side.

122
5. Set the Load Type to Member Load. Set the Force Direction to Force FY and the force type to Uniform.
6. Set the force value to -0.0341.
7. Press the Add Member Load button. Note that the Hit option is active.
8. Click (i.e. left click with the mouse on the member) on the member shown as shown in the following
picture.
9. Note that the distributed load will appear on the member as shown in the following picture.

123
10. The lateral concentrated load needs to be applied. Let the Load Type be Member Load.
11. Select Force Z as the direction and Concentrated as the force type.
12. Enter a value of 0.0341 in the Value text box.
13. Enter the location as 0.5. This represents a concentrated load at one half the length measured from the
start node of the member.
14. Click on the Add Member Load button.
15. Note that the Hit option is activated. Select/Hit (i.e. left click with the mouse on the member) the
member as shown in the picture below to apply the lateral concentrated load.
16. Note that the concentrated load will appear in the graphics view.

124
17. The vertical load case needs to be created. Select the Create -> Loads -> Activate Independent Load
menu command.
18. Input the Name as 3 and Description as Vertical Load on the right-hand side data area.

125
19. Press the Store New button. Note that the Load Type options will appear on the right-hand side.
20. Set the Load Type to Member Load. Set the Force Direction to Force FY and the force type to Uniform.
21. Set the force value to -0.0682.
22. Press the Add Member Load button. Note that the Hit option is active.
23. Click (i.e. left click with the mouse on the members) on the members shown as shown in the following
picture.

126
24. The load combinations need to be created. Select the Create -> Loads -> Define Dependent Loading
Combinations. Note that this is ok for a linear static analysis but not ok for a non-linear analysis. The
challenge section of this book shows non-linear analysis of this same bridge structure. The load
combination is done using the FORM LOAD command which is identical to the LOADING COMBINATIONS
command from a command syntax point of view.
25. The Create/Edit Dependent Load dialog box will appear.

26. Enter 101 as the Name and SELFWEIGHT LOAD + LATERAL LOAD as the Description.

127
28. Select the SELFWEIGHT LOAD and LATERAL LOAD by clicking on each item by pressing the SHIFT key on
the keyboard.
29. Press the Add Component button.
30. Enter 102 as the Name and SELFWEIGHT LOAD + VERTICAL LOAD as the Description.

128
32. Select the SELFWEIGHT LOAD and VERTICAL LOAD by clicking on each item by pressing the SHIFT key on
the keyboard.
33. Press the Add Component button.
34. Press the Done button.
35. Select the Analysis -> Linear Stiffness Analysis -> Stiffness Analysis Standard menu command.

129
38. Press the Done button.

130

131
CHAPTER 14: LEVERAGING THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN LANGUAGE (STRUDL)
1. Click on the File->Generate GT STRUDL/GTSELOS text input menu command.
2. The Generate GT STRUDL Analysis Program Input dialog box will appear. Click in the Generate Input
File button.

132
3. The Generate Input File Name dialog box will appear. Type the name of the file in the File Name text
box.
4. Click the Save button.
generate file and notepad will open to display the STRUDL text representation of the file.

133
generate file and notepad will open to display the STRUDL text representation of the file.
7. Click on File -> Save Model. This option will allow the user to save the file in a binary format. This file
will contain all the results and will be large compared to the simple gti file. The gti file also allows
users to make modifications to the structural model without using the GT STRUDL interface. An
example is discussed below.
8. Close GT STRUDL but keep the notepad gti file open.
9. Scroll down to the MEMBER PROPERTIES line.
10. Modify the TUB0.5X0.5 line to TUB 1.0X2.0.

134
11. Scroll down to the line that starts with LOADING COMBINATION.
12. Modify the LOADING COMBINATION line to FORM LOAD.
13. Modify the SPEC line to FROM. Repeat the above step and this step for all load combinations.

135

136
15. Modify the SPEC line to FROM. Repeat the above step and this step for all load combinations.
16. Save the gti file using File -> Save command.
17. Select all the text using the CTRL + A keys on the keyboard. Press CTRL + C on the keyboard to copy
the text into the memory.
18. Launch GT STRUDL using the windows start button on the bottom left-hand side corner.

137
20. Launch GT STRUDL using the windows start button on the bottom left-hand side corner. The
Welcome to GT STRUDL dialog box will appear.
21. Double click on the Command Mode icon.
22. The Command Mode will appear. User can open the GT STRUDL gti file using File -> Open menu
command.

138
24. Right click in the Command Mode and select the Paste option.
25. A preview of the lines in the memory will appear in a dialog box. Press the Yes button.
26. Select the Modeling -> GTMenu menu command. The GT Menu graphical user interface will appear.

139
28. Right click on the member show below. Note that the member section has been updated to 1.0x2.0.
29. Click on File -> Exit GT Menu menu command.

140
31. The command mode will get re-activated. Select the Analysis -> Static Analysis menu command.
32. GT STRUDL will perform the structural analysis on the structure.

33. Click on Results -> Static Results -> Sum Reactions menu command.

141
35. Note the force in the Y direction for Loading 1 which represents the weight of the structure.

142
CHAPTER 15: DESIGN
The command mode is a utility that allows engineers to create STRUDL commands using the menu and also
execute them. After the commands are executed, results are displayed in text format. The same results can also
be visualized in GT Menu interface graphically. The command utility allows engineers to quickly learn the STRUDL
commands to prepare macros and store them to execute repetitive tasks over and over again.
1. Click on Steel Design -> Parameters menu command.
2. The Steel Design PARAMETERS Command dialog box will appear.
3. Select the parameters as shown above and press the All Members and Ok buttons.
4. Note the three command lines are shown in the command interface. These three lines can be copied
from the command interface and inserted into the gti file so that engineers do not have to specify the
code parameters over and over again.

143
5. Engineers in the real world also insert comments so that engineering checkers can see who inserted
these commands and why.

144
6. Select the Steel Design -> Check Members Menu command. Note that GT STRUDL will display the
AISC steel design results in text format in the command mode.

145
CHAPTER 16: MAKING USE OF THE INPUT FILE
This book shows multiple ways of working with GT STRUDL such as the graphical approach and also some command
mode modifications for more advanced GT STRUDL users. There is a lot more such as modeling in AutoCAD or
BricsCAD. BricsCAD is also available for a 30-day trial if engineers would like to perform structural analysis and design
in a CAD platform.
In the end it is shown how the gti text input file becomes the repository of the engineers work that can be distributed
and checked by multiple team members. It takes some time to get used to the STRUDL language which is a powerful
language developed for structural engineers a long time ago. GT STRUDL makes this language easier to learn by
using the command mode as a “testing” platform. There is a lot of help available in the command mode to learn
more advanced features of GT STRUDL.

146
CHAPTER 17: REFERENCES
(1) Student Steel Bridge Competition 2019 Rules, AISC, Nov 7, 2018
https://www.aisc.org/globalassets/aisc/university-programs/ssbc/ssbc-2019-rules.pdf

147
APPENDIX A
FINAL MODEL AS PER THE PROCEDURE DISCUSSED IN THIS BOOK.

STRUDL ' '
$$
$$ This GTSTRUDL file created from GTMenu on 1/21/2019
$$
UNITS FEET KIPS DEG FAH

1 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
2 0.0000000E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
5 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 2.6666706E+00
6 0.0000000E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
7 1.9000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 2.6666706E+00
8 1.9000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
9 2.2000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
10 2.2000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
12 2.2000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
14 0.0000000E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
15 2.2000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
16 0.0000000E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
17 2.2000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
18 0.0000000E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
19 2.2000000E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
20 0.0000000E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
21 2.2000000E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
22 2.2000003E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
23 4.4000006E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
24 6.6000004E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
25 8.8000011E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
26 1.1000000E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
27 1.3200001E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
28 1.5400001E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
29 1.7600002E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
30 1.9799999E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
31 2.2000003E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
32 4.4000006E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
33 6.6000004E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
34 8.8000011E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
35 1.1000000E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
36 1.3200001E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
37 1.5400001E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
38 1.7600002E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
39 1.9799999E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
40 2.2000003E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
41 4.4000006E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
42 6.6000004E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
43 8.8000011E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00

148
44 1.1000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00

45 1.3200001E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
46 1.5400001E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
47 1.7600002E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
48 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
49 2.2000003E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
50 4.4000006E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
51 6.6000004E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
52 8.8000011E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
53 1.1000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
54 1.3200001E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
55 1.5400001E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
56 1.7600002E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
57 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
58 2.2000003E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
59 2.1999998E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
60 4.4000006E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
61 4.4000006E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
62 6.6000004E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
63 6.6000004E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
64 8.8000011E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
65 8.8000011E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
66 1.1000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
67 1.1000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
68 1.3200001E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
69 1.3200001E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
70 1.5400001E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
71 1.5400001E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
72 1.7600002E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
73 1.7600002E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
74 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
75 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
76 1.0999999E+00 4.5000000E+00 1.3333349E+00
77 2.0900002E+01 4.5000000E+00 1.3333356E+00
78 9.9000006E+00 4.5000000E+00 1.3333353E+00
79 1.2100001E+01 4.5000000E+00 1.3333347E+00
80 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 1.9555588E+00
83 0.0000000E+00 8.3333510E-01 1.3333353E+00
84 2.0500000E+01 8.3333510E-01 1.3333353E+00
TYPE SPACE FRAME

MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2
2 5 6
3 7 8
4 9 10
6 2 58
7 6 59
8 8 74

149
9 14 49
10 16 40
11 18 22
12 20 31
13 22 23
14 23 24
15 24 25
16 25 26
17 26 27
18 27 28
19 28 29
20 29 30
21 30 19
22 31 32
23 32 33
24 33 34
25 34 35
26 35 36
27 36 37
28 37 38
29 38 39
30 39 21
31 40 41
32 41 42
33 42 43
34 43 44
35 44 45
36 45 46
37 46 47
38 47 48
39 48 17
40 49 50
41 50 51
42 51 52
43 52 53
44 53 54
45 54 55
46 55 56
47 56 57
48 57 15
49 14 2
50 2 6
51 6 16
52 49 58
53 58 60
54 59 61
55 58 59
56 59 40
57 50 60

150
58 60 62
59 61 63
60 60 61
61 61 41
62 51 62
63 62 64
64 63 65
65 62 63
66 63 42
67 52 64
68 64 66
69 65 67
70 64 65
71 65 43
72 53 66
73 66 68
74 67 69
75 66 67
76 67 44
77 54 68
78 68 70
79 69 71
80 68 69
81 69 45
82 55 70
83 70 72
84 71 73
85 70 71
86 71 46
87 56 72
88 72 75
89 73 8
90 72 73
91 73 47
92 57 75
93 74 12
94 75 10
95 75 80
96 74 48
97 15 10
98 10 12
99 12 17
100 20 18
101 31 22
102 32 23
103 33 24
104 34 25
105 35 26
106 36 27

151
107 37 28
108 38 29
109 39 30
110 21 19
111 16 20
112 40 31
113 41 32
114 42 33
115 43 34
116 44 35
117 45 36
118 46 37
119 47 38
120 48 39
121 17 21
122 14 18
123 49 22
124 50 23
125 51 24
126 52 25
127 53 26
128 54 27
129 55 28
130 56 29
131 57 30
132 15 19
133 20 40
134 31 41
135 21 48
136 39 47
137 38 46
138 32 42
139 33 43
140 37 45
141 34 44
142 36 44
143 18 49
144 22 50
145 23 51
146 24 52
147 19 57
148 30 56
149 29 55
150 28 54
151 27 53
152 25 53
153 18 76
154 20 76
155 76 31

152
156 76 22
157 30 77
158 19 77
159 77 21
160 77 39
161 25 78
162 26 78
163 78 35
164 78 34
165 35 79
166 26 79
167 79 27
168 79 36
169 8 80
170 80 74
171 80 10
172 5 59
173 7 73
174 9 75
175 7 12
176 1 58
185 5 83
186 1 83
187 83 2
188 83 6
189 7 84
190 9 84
191 84 10
192 84 8

MEMBER PROPERTIES TABLE 'T15 ' 'TUB1.0X2.0 '
1 2 3 4 172 -
173 174 175 176 185 -
186 187 188 189 190 -
191 192
6 7 8 9 10 -
11 12 13 14 15 -
16 17 18 19 20 -
21 22 23 24 25 -
26 27 28 29 30 -
31 32 33 34 35 -
36 37 38 39 40 -
41 42 43 44 45 -
46 47 48 49 50 -
51 52 53 54 55 -
56 57 58 59 60 -
61 62 63 64 65 -

153
66 67 68 69 70 -
71 72 73 74 75 -
76 77 78 79 80 -
81 82 83 84 85 -
86 87 88 89 90 -
91 92 93 94 95 -
96 97 98 99 100 -
101 102 103 104 105
106 107 108 109 110 -
111 112 113 114 115 -
116 117 118 119 120 -
121 122 123 124 125 -
126 127 128 129 130 -
131 132 170
133 134 135 136 137 -
138 139 140 141 142 -
143 144 145 146 147 -
148 149 150 151 152 -
153 154 155 156 157 -
158 159 160 161 162 -
163 164 165 166 167 -
168 169 171
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 5 7 9

JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -
MOM X Y Z
MATERIAL STEEL

1

2

3

4

6 53 58 63 68 -
73 78 83 88 94

154

7 54 59 64 69 -
74 79 84 89 8 -
93

9 40 41 42 43 -
44 45 46 47 48

10 31 32 33 34 -
35 36 37 38 39

11 13 14 15 16 -
17 18 19 20 21

12 22 23 24 25 -
26 27 28 29 30

49 50 51

52

57

62

67

72

77

82

87

155

92

97 98 99

55

56

60

61

65

66

70

71

75

76

80

81

85

86

156
90

91

95 170

96

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

157

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

158

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

159
145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153 155

154

157 159

158

161 163

162

165 167

166

156

160

160

164

168

169

171

172

173

174

175

176

185 187

186

189 191

190

188

192

161

SELF WEIGHT 1 'SELFWEIGHT LOAD' -
DIRECTION -Y FACTOR 1.000 INCLUDE FINITE ELEMENTS ALL MEMBERS

LOADING 2 'LATERAL LOAD'
MEMB LOADS FOR Z GLO CON FRA P 3.4100000E-02 L 5.0000001E-02
34
MEMB LOADS FOR Y GLO LIN FRA WA -3.4100000E-02 WB -3.4100000E-02 -
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
68

LOADING 3 'VERTICAL LOAD'
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
63
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
64
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
73
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
74
FORM LOAD 101 'SELFWEIGHT LOAD + LATERAL LOAD' -

FROM 1 1.0000 2 1.0000
FORM LOAD 102 'SELFWEIGHT LOAD + VERTICAL LOAD' -

FROM 1 1.0000 3 1.0000
$THESE ARE RAVI'S COMMENTS
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
LIST SUM REACTIONS
PARAMETERS
$CHECKING THE MEMBERS AS PER AISC 14TH ED CODE
$ASSUMING NO NOTIONAL LOADS, PROPERTY REDUCTION FACTORS, AND NON LINEAR ANALYSIS
CODE AISC14 ALL MEMBERS
STEELGRD A992 ALL MEMBERS
CHECK ALL MEMBERS AS BEAM PLUS MAXIMUM ALL PRINT ALL SECTION LOCATIONS

162
APPENDIX B
CHALLENGE – NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS AND VARYING SUPPORT CONDITIONS MODEL
STRUDL ' '
$$
$$

1 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
2 0.0000000E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
5 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 2.6666706E+00
6 0.0000000E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
7 1.9000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 2.6666706E+00
8 1.9000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
9 2.2000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
10 2.2000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
12 2.2000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
14 0.0000000E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
15 2.2000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
16 0.0000000E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
17 2.2000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
18 0.0000000E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
19 2.2000000E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
20 0.0000000E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
21 2.2000000E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
22 2.2000003E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
23 4.4000006E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
24 6.6000004E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
25 8.8000011E+00 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
26 1.1000000E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
27 1.3200001E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
28 1.5400001E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
29 1.7600002E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
30 1.9799999E+01 4.5000000E+00 -6.2500000E-01
31 2.2000003E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
32 4.4000006E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
33 6.6000004E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
34 8.8000011E+00 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
35 1.1000000E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
36 1.3200001E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
37 1.5400001E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00
38 1.7600002E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00

163
39 1.9799999E+01 4.5000000E+00 3.2916706E+00

40 2.2000003E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
41 4.4000006E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
42 6.6000004E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
43 8.8000011E+00 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
44 1.1000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
45 1.3200001E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
46 1.5400001E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
47 1.7600002E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
48 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 3.2916706E+00
49 2.2000003E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
50 4.4000006E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
51 6.6000004E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
52 8.8000011E+00 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
53 1.1000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
54 1.3200001E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
55 1.5400001E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
56 1.7600002E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
57 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 -6.2500000E-01
58 2.2000003E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
59 2.1999998E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
60 4.4000006E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
61 4.4000006E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
62 6.6000004E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
63 6.6000004E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
64 8.8000011E+00 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
65 8.8000011E+00 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
66 1.1000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
67 1.1000000E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
68 1.3200001E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
69 1.3200001E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
70 1.5400001E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
71 1.5400001E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
72 1.7600002E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
73 1.7600002E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
74 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 2.6666706E+00
75 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 0.0000000E+00
76 1.0999999E+00 4.5000000E+00 1.3333349E+00
77 2.0900002E+01 4.5000000E+00 1.3333356E+00
78 9.9000006E+00 4.5000000E+00 1.3333353E+00
79 1.2100001E+01 4.5000000E+00 1.3333347E+00
80 1.9799999E+01 1.6666702E+00 1.9555588E+00
83 0.0000000E+00 8.3333510E-01 1.3333353E+00
84 2.0500000E+01 8.3333510E-01 1.3333353E+00
TYPE SPACE FRAME

MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2
2 5 6

164
3 7 8
4 9 10
6 2 58
7 6 59
8 8 74
9 14 49
10 16 40
11 18 22
12 20 31
13 22 23
14 23 24
15 24 25
16 25 26
17 26 27
18 27 28
19 28 29
20 29 30
21 30 19
22 31 32
23 32 33
24 33 34
25 34 35
26 35 36
27 36 37
28 37 38
29 38 39
30 39 21
31 40 41
32 41 42
33 42 43
34 43 44
35 44 45
36 45 46
37 46 47
38 47 48
39 48 17
40 49 50
41 50 51
42 51 52
43 52 53
44 53 54
45 54 55
46 55 56
47 56 57
48 57 15
49 14 2
50 2 6
51 6 16
52 49 58

165
53 58 60
54 59 61
55 58 59
56 59 40
57 50 60
58 60 62
59 61 63
60 60 61
61 61 41
62 51 62
63 62 64
64 63 65
65 62 63
66 63 42
67 52 64
68 64 66
69 65 67
70 64 65
71 65 43
72 53 66
73 66 68
74 67 69
75 66 67
76 67 44
77 54 68
78 68 70
79 69 71
80 68 69
81 69 45
82 55 70
83 70 72
84 71 73
85 70 71
86 71 46
87 56 72
88 72 75
89 73 8
90 72 73
91 73 47
92 57 75
93 74 12
94 75 10
95 75 80
96 74 48
97 15 10
98 10 12
99 12 17
100 20 18
101 31 22

166
102 32 23
103 33 24
104 34 25
105 35 26
106 36 27
107 37 28
108 38 29
109 39 30
110 21 19
111 16 20
112 40 31
113 41 32
114 42 33
115 43 34
116 44 35
117 45 36
118 46 37
119 47 38
120 48 39
121 17 21
122 14 18
123 49 22
124 50 23
125 51 24
126 52 25
127 53 26
128 54 27
129 55 28
130 56 29
131 57 30
132 15 19
133 20 40
134 31 41
135 21 48
136 39 47
137 38 46
138 32 42
139 33 43
140 37 45
141 34 44
142 36 44
143 18 49
144 22 50
145 23 51
146 24 52
147 19 57
148 30 56
149 29 55
150 28 54

167
151 27 53
152 25 53
153 18 76
154 20 76
155 76 31
156 76 22
157 30 77
158 19 77
159 77 21
160 77 39
161 25 78
162 26 78
163 78 35
164 78 34
165 35 79
166 26 79
167 79 27
168 79 36
169 8 80
170 80 74
171 80 10
172 5 59
173 7 73
174 9 75
175 7 12
176 1 58
185 5 83
186 1 83
187 83 2
188 83 6
189 7 84
190 9 84
191 84 10
192 84 8

1 2 3 4 172 -
173 174 175 176 185 -
186 187 188 189 190 -
191 192
6 7 8 9 10 -
11 12 13 14 15 -
16 17 18 19 20 -
21 22 23 24 25 -
26 27 28 29 30 -
31 32 33 34 35 -
36 37 38 39 40 -

168
41 42 43 44 45 -
46 47 48 49 50 -
51 52 53 54 55 -
56 57 58 59 60 -
61 62 63 64 65 -
66 67 68 69 70 -
71 72 73 74 75 -
76 77 78 79 80 -
81 82 83 84 85 -
86 87 88 89 90 -
91 92 93 94 95 -
96 97 98 99 100 -
101 102 103 104 105
106 107 108 109 110 -
111 112 113 114 115 -
116 117 118 119 120 -
121 122 123 124 125 -
126 127 128 129 130 -
131 132 170
133 134 135 136 137 -
138 139 140 141 142 -
143 144 145 146 147 -
148 149 150 151 152 -
153 154 155 156 157 -
158 159 160 161 162 -
163 164 165 166 167 -
168 169 171
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 5 7 9

JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -
MOM X Y Z
MATERIAL STEEL

1

2

3

169

6 53 58 63 68 -
73 78 83 88 94

7 54 59 64 69 -
74 79 84 89 8 -
93

9 40 41 42 43 -
44 45 46 47 48

10 31 32 33 34 -
35 36 37 38 39

11 13 14 15 16 -
17 18 19 20 21

12 22 23 24 25 -
26 27 28 29 30

49 50 51

52

57

62

67

72

77

170
82

87

92

97 98 99

55

56

60

61

65

66

70

71

75

76

80

81

85

171

86

90

91

95 170

96

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

172

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

173
127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

174

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153 155

154

157 159

158

161 163

162

165 167

175

166

156

160

164

168

169

171

172

173

174

175

176

185 187

186

189 191

190

176
188

192


34
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
68

LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
63
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
64
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
73
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
74
FORM LOAD 101 'SELFWEIGHT LOAD + LATERAL LOAD' -

FROM 1 1.0000 2 1.0000
FORM LOAD 102 'SELFWEIGHT LOAD + VERTICAL LOAD' -

FROM 1 1.0000 3 1.0000
$THESE ARE RAVI'S COMMENTS
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
LIST SUM REACTIONS
PARAMETERS
$CHECKING THE MEMBERS AS PER AISC 14TH ED CODE
$ASSUMING NO NOTIONAL LOADS, PROPERTY REDUCTION FACTORS, AND NON LINEAR ANALYSIS
CHECK ALL MEMBERS AS BEAM PLUS MAXIMUM ALL PRINT ALL SECTION LOCATIONS

177
APPENDIX C
MODEL ALTERED USING GT MENU, CHALLENGE – NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS AND VARYING SUPPORT
CONDITIONS MODEL

178
STRUDL ' '
$$
$$
UNITS INCH KIPS DEG FAH
1 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
2 0.0000000E+00 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
5 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 3.2000046E+01
6 0.0000000E+00 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
7 2.2800000E+02 0.0000000E+00 3.2000046E+01
8 2.2800000E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
9 2.6400000E+02 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00
10 2.6400000E+02 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
12 2.6400000E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
14 0.0000000E+00 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
15 2.6400000E+02 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
16 0.0000000E+00 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
17 2.6400000E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
18 0.0000000E+00 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
19 2.6400000E+02 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
20 0.0000000E+00 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
21 2.6400000E+02 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
22 2.6400003E+01 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
23 5.2800007E+01 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
24 7.9200005E+01 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
25 1.0560001E+02 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
26 1.3200000E+02 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
27 1.5840001E+02 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00

179
28 1.8480000E+02 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
29 2.1120003E+02 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
30 2.3759999E+02 3.4000000E+01 -7.5000000E+00
31 2.6400003E+01 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
32 5.2800007E+01 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
33 7.9200005E+01 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
34 1.0560001E+02 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
35 1.3200000E+02 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
36 1.5840001E+02 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
37 1.8480000E+02 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
38 2.1120003E+02 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
39 2.3759999E+02 3.4000000E+01 3.9500046E+01
40 2.6400003E+01 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
41 5.2800007E+01 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
42 7.9200005E+01 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
43 1.0560001E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
44 1.3200000E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
45 1.5840001E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
46 1.8480000E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
47 2.1120003E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
48 2.3759999E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.9500046E+01
49 2.6400003E+01 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
50 5.2800007E+01 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
51 7.9200005E+01 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
52 1.0560001E+02 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
53 1.3200000E+02 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
54 1.5840001E+02 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
55 1.8480000E+02 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
56 2.1120003E+02 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
57 2.3759999E+02 2.0000042E+01 -7.5000000E+00
58 2.6400003E+01 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
59 2.6399998E+01 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01

180
60 5.2800007E+01 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
61 5.2800007E+01 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
62 7.9200005E+01 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
63 7.9200005E+01 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
64 1.0560001E+02 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
65 1.0560001E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
66 1.3200000E+02 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
67 1.3200000E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
68 1.5840001E+02 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
69 1.5840001E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
70 1.8480000E+02 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
71 1.8480000E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
72 2.1120003E+02 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
73 2.1120003E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
74 2.3759999E+02 2.0000042E+01 3.2000046E+01
75 2.3759999E+02 2.0000042E+01 0.0000000E+00
80 2.3759999E+02 2.0000042E+01 2.3466705E+01
83 0.0000000E+00 1.0000021E+01 1.6000023E+01
84 2.4600000E+02 1.0000021E+01 1.6000023E+01
TYPE SPACE FRAME
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2
2 5 6
3 7 8
4 9 10
6 2 58
7 6 59
8 8 74
9 14 49
10 16 40
31 40 41

181
32 41 42
33 42 43
34 43 44
35 44 45
36 45 46
37 46 47
38 47 48
39 48 17
40 49 50
41 50 51
42 51 52
43 52 53
44 53 54
45 54 55
46 55 56
47 56 57
48 57 15
49 14 2
50 2 6
51 6 16
52 49 58
53 58 60
54 59 61
55 58 59
56 59 40
57 50 60
58 60 62
59 61 63
60 60 61
61 61 41
62 51 62
63 62 64

182
64 63 65
65 62 63
66 63 42
67 52 64
68 64 66
69 65 67
70 64 65
71 65 43
72 53 66
73 66 68
74 67 69
75 66 67
76 67 44
77 54 68
78 68 70
79 69 71
80 68 69
81 69 45
82 55 70
83 70 72
84 71 73
85 70 71
86 71 46
87 56 72
88 72 75
89 73 8
90 72 73
91 73 47
92 57 75
93 74 12
94 75 10
95 75 80

183
96 74 48
97 15 10
98 10 12
99 12 17
111 16 20
112 40 31
113 41 32
114 42 33
115 43 34
116 44 35
117 45 36
118 46 37
119 47 38
120 48 39
121 17 21
122 14 18
123 49 22
124 50 23
125 51 24
126 52 25
127 53 26
128 54 27
129 55 28
130 56 29
131 57 30
132 15 19
133 20 40
134 31 41
135 21 48
136 39 47
137 38 46
138 32 42

184
139 33 43
140 37 45
141 34 44
142 36 44
143 18 49
144 22 50
145 23 51
146 24 52
147 19 57
148 30 56
149 29 55
150 28 54
151 27 53
152 25 53
169 8 80
170 80 74
171 80 10
172 5 59
173 7 73
174 9 75
175 7 12
176 1 58
185 5 83
186 1 83
187 83 2
188 83 6
189 7 84
190 9 84
191 84 10
192 84 8
193 25 26
194 26 27

185
195 34 35
196 35 36
197 65 66
198 66 69
1 2 3 4 172 -
173 174 175 176 185 -
186 187 188 189 190 -
191 192
6 7 8 9 10 -
31 32 33 34 35 -
36 37 38 39 40 -
41 42 43 44 45 -
46 47 48 49 50 -
51 52 53 54 55 -
56 57 58 59 60 -
61 62 63 64 65 -
66 67 68 69 70 -
71 72 73 74 75 -
76 77 78 79 80 -
81 82 83 84 85 -
86 87 88 89 90 -
91 92 93 94 95 -
96 97 98 99 111 -
112 113 114 115 116 -
117 118 119 120 121 -
122 123 124 125 126 -
127 128 129 130 131 -
132 133 134 135 136

186
137 138 139 140 141 -
142 143 144 145 146 -
147 148 149 150 151 -
152 169 170 171 193 -
194 195 196 197 198
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 2 5 7 9 -
10
JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -
MOM X Y Z
2 10 -
FOR X Y MOM X Y Z
MATERIAL STEEL

187
6 53 58 63 68 -
73 78 83 88 94
7 54 59 64 69 -
74 79 84 89 8 -
93
9 40 41 42 43 -
44 45 46 47 48
10 31 32 33 34 -
35 36 37 38 39
49 50 51
52
57
62
67

188
72
77
82
87
92
97 98 99
55
56
60
61
65

189
66
70
71
75
76
80
81
85
86
90
91

190
95 170
96
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118

191
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129

192
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140

193
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150

194
151
152
169
171
172
173
174
175
176
185 187
186

195
189 191
190
188
192
193 194
195 196
197
198
$$$$$$$ NEW SUPPORTS $$$$$
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 5 7 9
JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -

196
MOM X Y Z
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$$
$$
$$ REDUCE EI AND EA AS PER AISC 14 ED TO ACCOUNT FOR RESIDUAL STRESSES

$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$MATERIAL STEEL
CONSTANTS
$29000 X 0.8 = 23200
E 23200 ALL
POISSON 0.30 ALL
G 11000 ALL
DENSITY 0.0002833 ALL
CTE 6.5e-006 ALL
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$$
$$
$$ NEW SUPPORTS FOR SELFWEIGHT LOADING

$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 2 5 7 9 -
10

197
JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -
MOM X Y Z
2 10 -
FOR X Y Z MOM X Y Z
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$ RUN A NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS WHICH CONSIDERS $$$$
$$$$ SMALL AND BIG P-DELTA ANALYSIS. $$$$
$$$$ OR YOU COULD RUN A SIMPLE STATIC ANALYSIS BY ACTIVATING$$$$
$$$$ STIFFNESS ANALYSIS COMMAND WHICH IS DEACTIVATED BELOW.$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
NONLINEAR EFFECTS
GEOMETRY MEMBERS EXISTING
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS 10
ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$$
$$
$$ NEW SUPPORTS FOR LATERAL LOADING

$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 2 5 7 9 -
10

198
JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -
MOM X Y Z
2 10 -
FOR X Y MOM X Y Z
34
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
68
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
NONLINEAR EFFECTS
ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$$
$$

199

$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 2 5 7 9 -
10
JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -
MOM X Y Z
2 10 -
FOR X Y Z MOM X Y Z
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
63
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
64
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
73
LA 0.0000000E+00 LB 1.0000000E+00
74
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$$
$$

200
$$ NOTIONAL LOADS
$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
FORM NOTIONAL LOAD 'NLSW+X' 'Notional Load of SW Along X Direction' FROM 1 1 GRAVITY AXIS Y
NLDIR X NLF 0.003 JOINTS EXISTING
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$$
$$
$$ NOTIONAL LOADS
$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
FORM NOTIONAL LOAD 'NLSW+Z' 'Notional Load of SW Along X Direction' FROM 1 1 GRAVITY AXIS Y
NLDIR Z NLF 0.003 JOINTS EXISTING
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
NONLINEAR EFFECTS
ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$$
$$

$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$

201
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 2 5 7 9 -
10
JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -
MOM X Y Z
2 10 -
FOR X Y MOM X Y Z
FORM LOAD 101 '1.4 X SELFWEIGHT LOAD + LATERAL LOAD' -
FROM 1 1.4000 2 1.0000 'NLSW+X' 1 'NLSW+Z' 1
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
NONLINEAR EFFECTS
ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
$$
$$

$$

202
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
STATUS SUPPORT -
1 2 5 7 9 -
10
JOINT RELEASES
1 5 7 9 -
MOM X Y Z
2 10 -
FOR X Y Z MOM X Y Z
FORM LOAD 102 '1.4 X SELFWEIGHT LOAD + VERTICAL LOAD' -
FROM 1 1.4000 3 1.0000 'NLSW+X' 1

'NLSW+Z' 1
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
NONLINEAR EFFECTS
ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
PARAMETERS
CHECK ALL MEMBERS AS BEAM 6 PLUS MAXIMUM ALL PRINT ALL SECTION LOCATIONS

203
AUTHOR’S BIO
Ravi Ozarker is the GT STRUDL Support Consultant for Hexagon

PPM. As a structural engineer and engineering software
developer for the past 17 years, he has worked for several
organizations in different roles, such as consulting engineering,
government agencies, semi government agencies, software
companies, EPCs, transmission tower design corporations,
research universities, and air pollution modeling and monitoring
in the U.S. and Canada. This range of experience has given Ravi
unique insight into how each of these entities function and what
internal processes and bottlenecks one can run into when
completing projects under deadlines and with multi-discipline
collaboration required.
Ravi graduated from the University of Waterloo with a Bachelor

in Civil Engineering and a Minor in Computer Sciences with
specialization in Structural Engineering and option in
Management Sciences. He is currently registered as a
Professional Engineer in the State of Texas and Province of
Ontario, Canada.
Ravindra Ozarker, P.E., P.Eng.

Houston, Texas STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |
rozarker@yahoo.com

Aisc Student Steel Bridge - Structural Analysis and Design Using GT Strudl

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Thank you from the Author:

Ravindra Ozarker, P.E., P.Eng.

Published: April 4, 2020

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Chapter 1: AISC 2019 Student Steel Bridge Competition ..............................................................................................7

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

GT STRUDL is a general-purpose structural analysis and design tool used in many

American Institute of steel construction organizes a student steel bridge

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

“The task of structural analysis and design is the most

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

FORCE BEHIND THIS ACTION

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Figure 2: Connection details for student steel bridge competition

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Figure 3: Connection details for student steel bridge competition

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Figure 4: Connection details for student steel bridge competition

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Figure 5: Connection details for student steel bridge competition

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Figure 6: Connection details for student steel bridge competition

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Figure 7: Connection details for student steel bridge competition

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Engineers are expected to come up with the optimum structure-weight (model

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

CHAPTER 4: BRIDGE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING HAND CALCULATIONS

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Joint x (ft) y (ft)

Member i J Area (in2) Length (ft) Cx Cy

Joint Displacement Matrix

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

Member stiffness matrix can be created using the following matrix.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

∆𝑢 = [𝑆𝑢𝑢 ]−1 [𝐽𝐿𝑢 ]

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING GT STRUDL |

STRUDL ' '

$$ This GTSTRUDL file created from GTMenu on 2/ 3/2019

UNITS FEET LBS DEG FAH

JOINT COORDINATES GLOBAL

1 0.0000000E+00 3.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00

2 2.2000000E+01 3.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00