Postgraduate Diploma in Maritime Energy

Develop key knowledge to drive a more efficient

shipping industry - study Maritime Energy by our
tutored distance learning course

1
Introduction to Energy Management and the International Response in Shipping

Introducing key notions of energy sources and security, the impact of air emissions and the international response particularly in shipping.
The aim of this module is to build a common vocabulary and understanding, starting by exploring notions such as externality, management
and governance. The focus will then shift to energy and its use, particularly relating to social contexts, societal evolutions and our continued
dependence on fossil fuels. Thereafter, air pollution and associated international responses will be examined, along with the rise of the
concept of energy efficiency and the importance of energy management. The last part of the module focuses on the response to air pollution
and greenhouse gas emissions in the shipping industry, including MARPOL Annex VI and its chapter on energy efficiency.

Important notions relating to energy

Energy sources and focus on fossil fuels
Energy security
Energy type: a social choice
Energy management principals, policies and their rationale
Impacts of air emissions: local pollution to global climate change
The international response to air pollution (IPCC, UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol etc.)
Shipping community response to air emissions control
Promotion of energy efficiency in shipping
Energy efficiency policy and the International Maritime Organization (IMO)
MARPOL Annex VI

2
Energy Efficiency and Ship Design

Fuel consumption in ship design and operation has been widely studied over the years by ship owners and operators, and a complete ship
energy system design is presented in this module including pertinent IMO regulations.

Both ship resistance and propulsion are reviewed to establish principles of ship powering in the context of energy efficiency improvement
methodologies. Design approaches and technologies are assessed for applicability to different vessel types. Ship main and auxiliary engines,
energy consumers and their interactions including renewable energy devices are also reviewed.

Ship energy efficiency is considered not only for the sea voyage but also for the port approach and port operations in addition to special
conditions such as shallow water and river transport. A probabilistic ship life cycle approach is employed to measure the effects of ship
design and energy efficiency improvements. Guidelines and interpretations of IMO’s work on ship energy efficiency through the Energy
Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) are appraised, and the issue of shipboard emissions is examined from the ship design perspective.

Ship design and energy efficiency

Frictional and viscous resistance reduction
Paints, roughness reduction methods, air lubrication
Hull form optimisation for wave resistance reduction
Ship propulsion improvement designs
Pre-swirl, propeller and post-swirl
Ship construction and shipboard equipment
Energy efficient ship design for life cycle considerations
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
Energy efficiency and shipboard emissions
Retrofitting

3
Energy Efficient Ship Operations

Optimal ship operation provides by far the greatest opportunities for energy-saving and CO2 reduction. Achieving this depends on a number
of stakeholders, from charterers and port operators to ship owners and managers. Also, there are binding legal contracts that need to be
observed. All these impose constraints and create barriers to the most efficient operation of ships. This module considers key topics; from
management to legal and commercial issues; from just-in-time and virtual arrival to slow steaming and relevant technical and legal
constraints; from weather routing to e-navigation and advanced communication systems; and from ballast water to trim optimisation and the
all important port operation.

Ship management, legal aspects and energy efficiency

Shipping contracts

+44 (20) 337 73371 www.lloydsmaritimeacademy.com/emsi Holly.James@informa.com

 Contractual, legal and regulatory frameworks
Commercial requirements
Role of industry stakeholders
Key drivers and barriers
Fleet optimisation
Economics of ship operation
Ship capacity utilisation
Ship speed reductions
Reduced ballast and non-productive voyages
Bunker procurement and ship logistics for optimum operation
Dry docking aspects
Ship loading management
Just-in-time (JIT) operation and virtual arrival (VA)
Ship operation profile, analysis and impact of waiting times
Port exhaust emissions
VA concept, practices and requirements
Slow steaming
Analysis of ship speed, power and fuel consumption
Economic and contractual aspects
Technical issues and best industry practices
Weather routing and e-navigation
Historical background to weather routing, relevant tools and major service providers
Use of modern digital and communication systems for optimal ship handling and routing
Trim optimisation
Science and physics of trim and ship fuel consumption
Model tests, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, trim guidance matrices, relevant tools and importance of
masters’ experience and practices
Ballast water management
Ship ballast requirements
IMO guidelines
Ship loading to ensure stability and safety
Optimal ballast and best practice
Port operation and green ports
Loading and unloading practices
Impacts on ship fuel consumption and port emissions
Cargo and ballast planning
Green ports initiatives
Onshore power supply (cold ironing)
Relevant regulations, standards and current practices

4
Energy Management On-board Ship

The proper management and maintenance of various ship-board systems and technical assets represents an important opportunity for
greater energy efficiency and reduced costs. Most of these measures are under the control of the ship owner and/or operator and can
therefore be relatively easy to implement. This module deals with ship-board activities and their impact on fuel consumption, with particular
focus on the optimal performance of technical systems and machinery.

Overview of ship-board activities

Ship’s staff organisation, roles and responsibilities
Activities that impact fuel consumption
The link between ship-board and shore-based activities
Energy audit and review
IMO and ISO 50001 requirements
How to conduct an energy audit/review including data gathering, analysis and benchmarking
Methods for techno-economic analysis of energy efficiency measures and development of Marginal Abatement Cost Curves
(MACCs)
Ship performance monitoring
Manual and automated systems
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and their reference lines
Data collection, quality checks, transmission, analysis and presentation
Identification of service providers and relevant commercial tools
Future aspects including integrated systems with seamless link between office and ship
Engine load management
Engine performance characteristics
Impact of engine load on efficiency
Current industry practices for engine load management
Opportunities for engine upgrades
System planning for energy efficiency
Analysis of the ship en-route operation
Operation planning for reduced electrical and steam requirements
Reduced utilisation factor for auxiliary engines, boilers and machinery while en-route
+44 (20) 337 73371 www.lloydsmaritimeacademy.com/emsi Holly.James@informa.com
 Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI)
IMO guidelines
SEEMP development, EEOI calculation, effective implementation
Importance of human factor and roles and responsibility
Sample SEEMP and EEOI estimate issues and best practices
Maintenance for energy efficiency
Link between maintenance and energy efficiency
Condition monitoring of hull, engines, boilers, economisers, etc.
Steam system insulation, steam traps, and reducing steam loss
Compressed air system monitoring, identifying fouling of various systems
Technology upgrade opportunities such as lighting, electric motors, etc.

5
Alternative Fuels and Marine Renewable Energy

The maritime community has been looking for fuel alternatives due to its high prices and stringent regulations on emissions. A few Emissions
Control Areas (ECAs) have already been introduced by the IMO and numerous mandatory regulations have come into force for air pollutants
and energy efficiency. This module will explore how new fuelling options and renewable energy could be promising for the future of the
shipping industry. MARPOL Annex VI, in particular Chapters 3 and 4, are thoroughly explained as well as ECAs. (Retrofitting) options for the
ships spending their trading lives in ECAs such as LNG or emissions abatement technologies will also be covered. The principal alternative
fuels will be examined in detail. Alternative fuels will be discussed in a holistic and comparative way where Maritime State-of-the-Art
presented.

General: properties of the fuel, including technical properties, comparisons, benefits and disadvantages
Economics: life-cycle costs, market overview, supply and demand issue, and price
Logistics: production of fuel, infrastructure, and storage
Technical: on-board systems, risk and safety issues
Maritime Applications: State-of-the-Art for maritime use, recent developments, and Research andTechnology Development
activities

Direct and indirect solar renewable energy will be introduced with the focus being on the applications of solar and wind energy in the
maritime industry, analysing the associated benefits and disadvantages. Case studies are provided to enhance understanding.

Motivation, MARPOL Annex VI Chapter 3, air pollutants

Alternative fuels
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Distillate fuels
Marine Gas Oil (MGO) and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO)
Low sulphur diesel fuel
Biofuel and biodiesel
Methanol
Renewable Energy
Solar energy and applications
Wind energy and applications
Wave energy and tidal power

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+44 (20) 337 73371 www.lloydsmaritimeacademy.com/emsi Holly.James@informa.com