AMBATALI, ALWYN DAVE M.

11834129 LBYPH03 – N05

SUMMARY: BEHAVIOR OF LIGHT IN CONCAVE AND CONVEX LENSES

- When a beam of light rays parallel to the optic axis passes through the lens, the rays converge to a point F2.
- Conversely, rays passing through point F1 emerge from the lens as parallel rays.
- A ray through the center of the lens is not appreciably deviated.
Convex Lens. (Converging lens). Behaves like concave mirrors. Likewise, the focal length of a converging lens is defined
to be a positive quantity, and such a lens is also called a positive lens. Let the first focal point (left of the vertex) be F1 and
the second focal point (right of vertex) be F2.

Behavior of light rays in convex lens:

- Parallel incident ray refracts to pass through the second focal point F 2.
- Ray through the center of the lens does not deviate appreciably.
- Ray through the first focal point F1 emerges parallel to the axis.
Image Properties based on object’s different locations along the optic axis:
Location of Object Location of Image Image Properties

Beyond 2F1 Opposite side of the object <2F2 Real, inverted, smaller
At 2F1 Opposite side of the object =2F2 Real, inverted, same size
Between 2F1 and F1 Opposite side of the object Beyond 2F2 Real, inverted, larger
At F1 At infinity --
Between F1 and vertex V Same side as the object Virtual, upright, larger
 Concave Lens. (Diverging Lens). Behaves like convex mirrors. The focal length of a diverging lens is a negative
quantity, and the lens is also called a negative lens.

Behavior of light rays in convex lens:

- Parallel incident ray appears after refraction to have come from the second focal point F2.
- Ray through the center of the lens does not deviate appreciably.
- Ray aimed at the first focal point F1 emerges parallel to the axis.
Image Properties based on object’s different locations along the optic axis:
As the object’s distance decreases:
- the image distance is also decreasing.
- the image size is increasing.

- The image will always be virtual and erected in concave lenses.

Sources:
Young, H. and Freedman, R. (Latest Edition). University physics with Modern Physics
(14th edition). New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
“Convex Lenses: Geometric Optics”. Khan Academy. [Online] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0sjZ5nqQ7g
“Concave Lenses: Geometric Optics”. Khan Academy. [Online]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vh70PyitQzo