r xpurepiijymy (Kojit ce mpumeryje y Honuey cranonnunrna), ama yey Ho 6 158 Hacema 1 oKBUpy Tora Gpoja camo 193 rpajcKa (3.1%), Te ce MAK 5 965 ,ocranux" Moke cmaTpaTH ceockun (Braya P. Cp6ije, 2014), pasnp- cranaie pypanuux Hacema y THITOKE (NONTHTIONE) HOCTaNHa Ce KAO HeOMA o6umaH 3aqaTaK. CEJbAIITBO VM IbETOBA TPAHC®OPMALNJA jy, Ha nern (MH Ha KOjM TIpwitasn H jipy- NaAM4Ka CBECT AKO" peutapa M MHTAHe Of- Ko cy cemaly, TO »CBH 3H TUM {PYWITBEHMM MojaBama peberba cemaiTBa. Oxa unmennua, MehyTum, He ocnobala comnonornjy obapese fa cemallTBO FeuHMUTE Ha HAyYaH HAMHH M Ha TAME ONE JAE ON 3y)paBopa3syMcKOr CXBaTalba CeybaKa Kao HeKOr KO ce 6apn TIO/OMpuBpe- TOM, 2KMBM Ha Cemy M MOHalIa Ce ,HeKy/ITYpHO". Pasymepatbe ApyiuTBene cyurTune cemamiTBa OR KYIHOT je 3Ha¥aja 3a BaybaHo pasyMesatbe pypan- HOF ApyuiTBa K HeTOBMX NPOMeHa. Ha Tom nyty mpeq coumonorujom (4 apyuiTBeHMM HayKama yonuiTe) croje 6pojHu, YBpcTO yKoperbeHM xupbajjaMa roymHa CTapM CTepeoTumn; OHM Cy TH Koj CTBapajy CBOjeBpcHy »Marny, Kpo3 Kojy je Teuzko Mpoppe- TM, anu 6e3 unjer ,pasBejabarba” Huje Moryhe johu yo HaydHor NouMatsa ceyballiTBa. Crepeorunu 0 KojMma roBopuMo He wpe ce HW He mpewoce camo ycme- HMM TYTeM, Kpo3 6es6pojHe KOHTAKTEe meby reHepatiujama, Hero 4 KpO3s Tpuye, poMake, noesnjy, wramny, cbummose u capprKaje MacoBHe Ky/IType KOjM JO Hac HONaze NyTeM CaBpeMeHMX €M1€KTPOHCKHX Mequja (TeneBusyja, Vintepuer). ¢ T[se cy spcre crepeotuma 0 CemallTBy: NOSMTMBHK M HeraTHBHM; MpBA Harmamapajy KYYHA sHayaj NOmOMpMBpese, U3APKHUBOCT MH SAPaBlbe cebaka (wiT0 UX YAH NOTOMHMM 3a BOJHMKe), HUXOBY ,CyMepHopHy MO- panwoctT“ m YWleBHOCT, OpMrMHaMHOCT M reHMjamHocT HapowHe yMeT- HOCTH, Cema¥Ky HOCETUBOCT M MYAPOCT, TpajHOcT M YBPCTMHY CeybayKe nopommue M cn; Apyru y UpBM nnaH CraBmajy Cemayku MpMMMTHBK3aM H MPOCTaKMYK, CKNOHOCT Ka 3aBMCTH, TBPAMYAYK ys NOBpeMeHO mperepx- ee al muhy (pacnojacaxoct), KoNsepBaTHBH3aM Mm cTpax oy cBera ee a ane a eT TT _» ¢TBapalbe u npenomerne epeOT NTS - Fpanoss) Sure ie se “ . . Jour je cpearboBeKOBHa KHHKEBHOCTined a KAO HA MUKAPHAIUY EAYHOCTH H eMarpana ra 46 i XHNOT »HENPERHIHOM HTUWIOM", HEKOM HPCTO paja y Kojem Pra chat nennnoct. O cyjenepjy, Heanamy, Gecrujannocru, cyposocru, ead wopamno} MOKpEPEHTHOCTHE CemaKa Tonope jena B, UeKenupa, B A, dexona, M, Fopxor # Apyrnx; 0 cemanKoj mynpocru, Hepnnocra, conana TC eon! nswy CKoTas seopanntocT#y AYRORHOM CHOKOjeTHY, ResaHOcTH 3a Hlopoxty, roctonpune. Coemoj nopoduyu utp, \ Apyro, xnace sama ynex Tpaxurn y chepx mponsnoptee, TAIHHje ¥ oo HOCuMa npoussodie. Ha nojaBiom many, TH cy OAHOCH TocpeHoBaHMt OA- ‘Mocha 6nachummea. Yeex cy Kpos ucropujy, y cBakom THNY apyuitBa, pocrojane OCHOBHe Knace: BhacHMuKa M HeBHacHMuKa, Y aHTHAKOMany npoussooree To cy OMIM CHOGOANY my) HM poGonn, Y heya ya Pn HRMCTORH, ¥ KAMTATCTHIKOM = KanmTannern yee a pagniut (nponerepy). Hacranax knaca sanpano je omoryhen n er BIIIKA TPOHIBOA, TO jeeT NOjanom MoryhnocrH ja je re am excmoaTHniile APY! "aa Mapkca K71ace Cy Kone Muanu ucmopujcKu akmepu, to sian M qemonaibem BpIle Npecy san yrunaj Ha Apyurrneny erpyKry- rm yemajy jo oneKar| MYTEM Penony isa Jlenoname nojenumana Horny- rojpebeHo KIKACHOM NeNOBAMKY: wHigje MOCPEH TO NTA OHA HM Ona} nal no} ana rpynia gone enoil 0 je . it Jrerep WT YAK WEN MPONETApHAT y jaTOM TPeHyTKY SarcuLUmA Kao np a um, Tlocpenn je wna on jecme w urra he exojo chom Guhy 6wra me- opuick# npnnyben 7a yun" (Mapxe Enrene, 1959: 81). Koper kiaca je opoNckoj CHEPM ATH OH KETEPMULILY OWWHOCE H Y exhepH KyTYPe H yeep NONUTUKe, Oymoc Kmaca ject oHOC Knacne Gopbe, ‘te je cyKo6 Meby Vpacana KOHCTUTYTHBHH EMEMCHT CAMHX K7TACA; ,HETOpHa CBaKOF Hocaa- veer apyuuTna jecTe McTOpHHja KtacHHX Gop6u" (Manuibect KomyHMcTHY- xe naprije, 1848). i Kon Mapxca y CrBapit He MOCTOjM, Kao WTO Ce HOHeKas HoKytlaBa cy- repucaTH, MCKIbYYHBO pIBOKNACHM Moyen ApyuiTBa. On jecte Kopuctuo TepMis »knaca” KaO aHAIMTMYKM KOHWENT Np pasbujathy choje Teopuje apyurrea (Ty 2oma3Ht HO uspaxkaja GunonapHM KnacHM Moyen), ann je ucTH repMuH ynOTpedbaBao M Kao HeCKPUNTHBHM, MCTOpHjcku Konuent. Y axa- nugama ce6u CaBpeMeHUX MCTOPUjcKMX lorahaja On y TaqaullHbuM ApyuITBH- Ma BKM MHOUITBO Knaca. Tako y Ocamuaecmom 6pumepy /Iyja Bonanapme Mapxe ugentupuxyje 3eMmMuIHYy apucToKparniy, dunaxcujcky 6ypxo- asujy, uNmyCTpHjcky 6yp2xoasujy, cpemiby Kilacy, cuTHy Oyp»xoasnjy, HH- AYCTpMjcKK Mponetapujar, nymneHNponetapHjaT u cewaumeo (Harnacno C. UL Bugu: Crompton, 1994; 23-24), Mako A. Tuquuc tapam na je Mapke mpunwso cnoGoqHo KopucTHo nojam knace 6e3 npeTxoqHor edpuHucaba (Giddens, 1993: 24), TO HHje cac- Bum Tayo. K. Mapxc Hac mmak Huje ocTaBMo 6e3 eKcrimMunTHe Jedpunn- Unje knace, To je yanHuo ynpaso pacnpasybajyhu o (pparuycKom) cenau- TY y Ocamnaecmom 6pumepy /Iyja Bonanapme. Evo THX peloBa: »YKONMKO MOH Nopom Mua %*KMBE TO; EKOHOMCKMM YCHOBMMA er3HCTeEHUMje KOjst fin sae KUBOTA, UXOBE MHTepece M HbUxXOBO O6pasoBatbe onwajaly Buia ‘a KUBOTA, MATepeca M OOpasoBalha APyrAx knaca M thMMa MX He- : KM CYNPOTCTaBMajy, YTOMMKO OHM YHHE Kacy (Mapxc, 1977: @ a a KE, CKOHOMCKK YCNOBM ersHCTeHUMje KOjM O/Bajajy MHTepece, Ha- rege bOT4 U OOpasoparbe Heke Kiace On MPYTHX Kaa WHE noce6xa 06¢- n ae Taxohe, knace nocroje camo Kpo3 HempujatemcKo CyMpoTcTa- OBO aro Knacama: Knacum cyKo6 je KOHCTHTYTABHI eneMenT Kyaca. ouch sMecTy Mopamo ce npucerutu nosHaror MapKcosor pasMKoBarha 7 »k7ace no cebu" uw ,Knace 3a ce6e”, ¥ CTBapls, OHO WTO CMO MauTonpe80 sau na Ocantmaccroe BpUMePA Myja Bouanapme : 6”, Mapxe Ha mpumepy pannycor cemanrya o6jage® fa arama cena SM OFPONY HCY Hn gygg hE yyerHM yoroBHMa, at He y Pi aie Py! € OMtHOCE Meh Be Junxon HasitH| pOHanorThe ivory} x Jenne On APYTX, yMecro na ye rene webycobor ommeria, Ha0raitHy tlonchasajy Phang Ao. cao6pahajxa cpemcTBa H CHPOM: ee Se a " onan napuiena, Tp CBOM obpabunatny r a je Moryhnoctit 3a noneny pars 3 npueny Hayke, npema TOME He omoryhyje Mioroctpanoct pasnoja, pat a suxocr TaneHara, GOTATCTRO APYUITHEHHX o7HOCA, CHaKa nojesutia teh xa mopomita PoTORO je nonomira cama ce6H, NpoHanonn cama Henocperne najpehu neo NpeAMeTa CBoje NOTPOULbE H _TAKO HObuja cpenctaa 3a od XKMBOT BMINE Y PASMEHI C NPUPONOM Hero y cao6pahany c Apyurtsom, Tap. tena, cemax H MOPOMUA; Opes Tora, APyra Mapuiena, Apyrn cemak 4 pyra nopogmua, CKyH TAKBUX MapHeNa WAH COMO, a CKYTI Cena HAH nenaptvay, Taxo ce Renuxa Maca (ppanuycke HauHje O6pasyje npoctum, ca6upatsem ia TOUMCHHX BEMMYHHA, KAO WTO KpommMpH y Bpehu anne Bpehy Kpomnupa .» YkonuKo Meby NapueIHUM CeyballuMa TOCTO}M CaMo MoKasHa nopesa- MocT, YKONMKO HCTOBETHOCT HUXOBMX MHTEpeca He CTBapa sajeanuuy, He cTBapa HaMOHAMHY NOBesaHOCT M MONMTMYKY Oprannsayniy meby isuma, YronNKo OHM He WHE Kacy (To jecT, »Knacy 3a ceGe” ~ HanoMexa C. IIL), Oum cy crora Hecnloco6un Ya UcTakuy cBOoje Knache MHTepece y cBoje con- crpeHo ume ... OHM CeGe He MOry 3ACTyTIATH, IbMX MOpa ja 3actyna apy- ru. Hbuxos 3acrynHHk yjeqHO Mopa 6TH HMXOB rocnopap, ayTopitter Hay HMMA, HEOrpaHU4eHa BMACT KOja MX ITATH Of OCTANMX KMaCa Ht Koja uM Wane ojosro KMy M CyHue. Nonutmuku yTuyaj NapuenHux cemaka Hama- 3H, Nakne, CBOj KpajibM U3pa3 y TOMe LITO M3BPUIHa BACT cebu NOTYMIbaBa Apyuirso ... Mapyenun nocey je no cBojoj mpupoyM noroyan a 6yne ocHo- Ba jee cBemohue u 6pojHo Benue 6upoKpatuje” (Mapxc, 1977: 87-88 u 91)? Opaxo pyrayak yntar 6u0 je norpeGan jep ce pag o TeKcry Koji je umao HeMepmus yruiaj Ha cBe Kacuuje ayTope Koju cy HHCTMpaUptjy Ha- nasunn y MapKcowom jleny (na Tako H Ha 6pojie Hale COMMONOTE KOjH CY ce 6aBuaM nuTaiem knacHo/cnojue crpyKrype pyuiTBa), ayut H OrpomHe mpaktu4ne nocneguue. Uctuuemo a ope Mapkc He camo a HerHpa cil0- co6Hoct cemaka 7a noctany ,,knaca 3a ce6e”, TO jecT a AYTOHOMHO HOM _ | THHKM Henyjy kao Knaca, Hero Ja MM OH MCTO TaKO o/pH4e 6HMTO KakaB MO” 3 Bio NoTeHunjan Kapa ce pag o eKOHOMCKO} exper. u zo ; OpeHo TBPAM Ja NoAMTHYKHK H3pas 6pojHor ceybaillTBa } ave af poe ckomyana 6upokpatuja. onan Mate Pujan sa mieeRe eae PAM exe aa Om DEO jep uM AOC ° ft ONCTBEHUX CTaBoBa O cebauiTBy youluTe, jCP WATHp: wknacy 110 ce - EbXORO Nome nips 581 ramcera noenehyje Hy Kracnim Gopéama y bpanyyc KO}. Y ono) i 1 fox HAHA WAPYWITHEHOM KIACOM™, MACOM KO) Hai ou, J CTOHM Hamel aiid COMMAY wETPACT 8A TApHUTEHEM” (MapKe, 1949: 12, 24, 40-41, 59 ta. 118 120), 3a ce Na je Mapxe ovexnnao ja he y tanamununt santas apynermma AOhM NO HECTANKA CHHX Cpes HEX CHOjeRa HO Honapusaryje apynirna na CAMO JURE knace, Nponerapujar 4 6ypxoaanjy, Mirtesanaie ca pcTOpHcKe MOSOPHHLE TPeGanto je, Mpema teronoj rportosn, sla sayecn HW cemake. TAKO 6u MHA ceny, a He CAMO y rpayy, Homo 70 (popmupaipa ppe xnace xoje NPERCTAW/HA}Y KAMMTAN H Pay, KTACE HNACHHKA H KNaCe HOMOTPH- ppeannx panunxa, Cemanit cy, HO themy, H TaKO npeyCran/mann aaocraraK ya deyaaMor NepHO;a, Kacy (CHo}) Koja, KAO HPEMOsEpHa, H He crasta y KanMTAMMCTHYKO JIpyuTHo, ¢ Gor coje cneunpnune dunosoduje nctopyje yw HECKPUBCHHX NOMMTHMKHX aMOULHja, MapKe ce Huje ycresao fa uspasu cnojy axTHNATHJy Npema CemawTBy, HasMBajyhy ra ,klacoM Koja y OKBAPY UMBMAMBALMJe NpenCTaB/a BAapBapcTBO”, Cemak je 3a Hera Ovo ,HesrpanHo nykaB, MyNeuKH HaMBaH, 6ynanacro yanuuuen (...), renujanho 6ecmucnen anaxpoHH3aM, HepellMB xujepormuip 3a pasym YnBHAM3s0OBaHMX” (MapKc, 1949: 69). Mebytum, Mapkcone ce nporHose Hucy ocrsapuae, Gapem He OHakO 6pso Kako je OH To ONeKMBaO. Cemayn KAO ApyuITBeHa Knaca (cnoj) Hcy Hu 6rmsy Hecranu 3a Herowora Bpemena, Beh cy MpeycTabann BeENMKK Jeo cTaHOBHMUITBa Y CBM eBpOICKMM 3emybama (ca M3yseTKOM Benue Bputa- uuje). Ucrospemeno, aneTATH NONMTH4YKUX CTpaHaka koje cy CBoje Nporpa- me TeMemune Ha MapKconmm Myejama 3HaTHO cy Mopaciu. Beoma 6ps0 Ha ped je Aouno eBenTyanHo OcBajabe NOMMTHUKE BIACTH. Tako je crsopeHo Tako3BaHo ,,cemayKo NuTawe”, 4nja ce CYUITHHA cBORUNA Ha cnepehe: KaK- By NONMTAKY, Npe M Moce OcBajawa BiacTH, Tpeba Aa BOM MpomeTepcKa Napruja npema ceybaurBy, KNacM Koja NpeAcTapma Heky BPCTY 3aocTatKa v3 nperxogue ppyiTaene dopmansje (dpeynanHsma) H Koja HUKAKO Ha Ce Y NOTNYHOCTH pacnoju Ha BNACHAKe HM HajaMHe pasunxe? OBHM ce THTalbeM netTambHo nosa6asmo Mapxcos capaqunk ®, Enrenc (Engels) y aeny Cermay- KO numawe y Ppanuyckoj u Hemauxoj, Enrenc TapAM qa cMTHE Cembake 4eKa HeMMHoBHa MponacT M nponeTapnaaduja, ann Aa Ty Mponact mponetepcKa aptja ne rpe6a ya yOpsana, ann HM a noyrpejapa unysuje o moryhuoct €XOHOMCKor NperxknBibabalba CATHOF HaplenHor BracuMlTBa, Cemayuma _ Tpe6a npumepom u ypyuirBentom fomohs O6jacHMTH a CBO) MpHBaTHH To- cen tpe6a na npeweny y sanpy2kHus jep he sanpyre 6uTH KaApe X2 OP! Dae Moyepuy, Kpynuy nomonpuspeyHy nponsporiby. VIcTO BUKM Vi pe - se _¥ Kpyno cemauiro; npepoheie y sapyre 6e3 HACHIHe ee aad (Mapxe Enrenc, 197; 179-184). Mapkc je 70 opmynacao Ha cre AT ‘umn: “, Tlponetapniat He CMe rpy60 HacpTaTA Ha ceybaka, TAME ITO OK,Ba WIM YRMTAE Heropop ce BNACHHINTRO Ha Mapyetama cme Ojaqana. 5 ehaprene yuchaname, jeNNOCTABHO HYTEM TOsTeNe Behy Ce ee ona cen Enrenc, 1977: 206). Hapanno, onye c x uncarpa cenayuma” (Mapxe # Exirenc, 1977: 206). Mapas HE CE Pam g nommnrHakom NporpaMy: nporerepene cEPAnRE y Bpeme kana Ona jour itnje tre enact, Baano je Ha cBojy eTPany Munyhi orpomue cemasiee sace i crnopiri ono ITO je Kactnje Hagman wanes payunnna cemana’ Parysre sree eman y onowte CaBeSY yAUTADI MAPTHEp” H 7a je canes y crapy ce bens To ject na je MPHBpeMenor, TAKTINIKOT Kapaktepa. JesuHo je po. a CTHNEKM PeRONYUMOHAPHA KIACA’, NOK CeMHATITBO CAMO TpeGg acopna 6a3a NponterepcKe peBorytitje. OHO HunoMTo He CaMOCTANHO NOMMTHYKO NeMOBarDE (3a TO HHje Hy ao ykM, npumep, Hpoxnamonad YR! pracnimn jom Mare neTapHjaT »H ja nocmykH Kao M cme fla pauyna Ha CRoje cnoco6Ho), HUTH Ha CBO} ONCTAHAK KAO KITACE, Onaxamt Mapkcopit CTanonit TIpema cemauiTny OCraniT cy BPO Kpyn- ne nocnenitue Ha WETOBe YYCHHKE, MAPKCHCTE, Behnua tux mpunasnna je cemautsy Kao Gneehem OcTaTKy MpeKANMTANMcTH4KOr ApyurTBa, Kao aneniocrojehem y ucropijckom cmucmy” Crora HM ce 4ecTO jeulaBano pa BeMMKH Neo Nonynausje jeHOCTABHO OCTAaBe M3BaH KOHUENTa Apyurrsa kao enMHe, ITO je HEMMHOBHO BOsM10 NorpelliH4M MporHo3ama ApywitBeHor passoja. Cemalln cy jequocraBHo certain, Hucy ce yKmanann y TeopujcKe samucnu. JIpyTuM peuuma, To je Kaca Koja Tepa ,(...) EKOHOMMCTe fla yaqu4- uy, Homrnyape fa Ce SHOje, a Crparere Ha uicyjy“ (Shanin, 1973: 252, 238; Shanin, 1973a: 12). Cmoju unmennua je ya je M. Be6ep Ha caspemeny couMonornjy Haj- Bue YTMUAO ynpaBo CBOjMM NOMMarbeM ApyulTBeHe crpyKType (Hypuh, 1987; 152). Nlonynapuoct Be6epujackor mpucryna BepTMKamHoj AMMeH- 3ujM ApyulTBeHe CTpyKType HapounTo je nopacna y NocnentHe ABE Tele Huje ABaqeceTor Beka (Moce6HO NocHe COMA COMMjaMCTHYKMX CHCTeMa y uctouxoj Esponu x pacnaya BapmiaBcKor yropopa) HM mpeyseyia npAMat Hay MapKCMCTHYKMM MIpucTyTIOM, Kako Ha 3anany, Tako uy Behem 6pojy MCTOUHOCBPONCKMX 3eMalba, Be6ep je y cBojuM KpaTKMM TeKCTOBMMa HaYMHMO OTKpuhe of MpBo- Paspequor couMonomKor sHayaja: pasyBojuo je Tp OcHOBHe MMeH3Hje apyursene cnojesurocru (Bypuh, 1987: 162).’ 3a Bebepa, Kmy4HH M Te- MeibHM Nojam, Kafla Ce 0 [pyuITBeHO} CnojeBUTOCTH pap, jecte Moh. »Moh” peqcrapma BepoBarHohy ja jeqaH YoRek KM rpyna MyM cmpoBeny CBO)Y Bony y HeKOM ApyuiTBeHOM OMHOCY, Ma M yupKOC OTMopy APyrAx yueCHHe — Kaace (exonomcka moh), cranexu (yrnen) m crpauke (nommTH4Ka moh) | Nojape cy pacnogene mohu y jeqHom ppyuirsy. Oxe Tpx ocHoBHe AUMEH” _ Suje ApyurrBenor nonoxaja cy penaTnBno HesaBucHe jeHa Of APYTe 5 NPHMep, wAcTO eKoHOMcKa Moh, Moce6HO roa Moh HoBIIA, Hije O6aBEIHO i noes , _ (1576: 241-246) yuh (987), cxnaramea knacno/cnojue ctpyxrype mpyurmea Aara je NP BeéepAS 83 pusHaTH OCHOB apyutpexor yrnena. Hexu amepuyxit 6usnne) ME yaninannt IMEKYANTH, CRECHO Ce OAPHY ppyTHeHtor yrnen re crpane, Yr7eN (npectw%x) Moxe 6uTH ocHOR KaKo ekoHomeke, +: onbTHYKe mohn. JoK exonomcku nopejak o6yxparta Haun patecres n ynorpede EKOHOMCKUX no6apa n enya, pyuurTReHM MopesaK jecre aka “acnogene ApyuTBenor yrvena. Ta aRa noperxa Hcy HcToReTHM HM yTHuy jenan Ha APYTH- i O xnacama je ped OHA Kana Hoctojx crenmpu4an yspounn 4HHMnay xojn onpebyje -AHUBOTHE HITE HanecHOr 6poja my;H H-Taj anMuAAN NpeR- cranma CKOHOMCKE HHTePECe Y CRO; H Horo HOCTHMA aa CTHHAIbE pH xona. Knachit nonoxaj je y Kpajiboj munnja nonoxKaj na TpAxMurTy. ,,.Kna- com” Ha3HBaMO CBaKY TPyIy Mby/M Koja ce HanasH y HCTOM KjacHOM fonO- jy. Tpu cy BpcTe Knaca: L.nocednuue Knace — Kala pasiutke y rocesy ipumapno onpebyjy Kmac- am TONOxKajs 2.nocnosve KAace — Kaya KSTNeAM Ha TPAMUIHO KOpuuthere Ao6apa u yemyra npumapHo onpebyjy knacnu nonoxaj; 3. dpyuumeene Knace — cBeyKyTHOCT OHMX KNaCHMX Nonoxaja Meby Kojuma ce Ha THTIMYAH HAYHH VM 1aKO O6aBma pasMeHa MUHO HK Y HUBy reepatinja. Kog cBe Tp Bpcre Kulaca MOry la HaCTaHy K7acHo opraHu30BaHe rpytie, anM To ce He Mopa JloroquTu. Knace Hucy sajeqHMue, Maja mpesjctaBajy moryhaH 4 4ecT OCHOB 3ajeqHMAKOr JeMatba, TlosuTMBHO MpuBUNeroBaHe nocednuYKe Knace cy peHTHjepu: BIacHMyA mynM (po6oBnacHMUH), 3eMibe, MOcTpojerba, 6pojowa, NoBepHOUHt KO} Haj y 3ajam CTOKY, KUTO MIM HOBALL, BIaCHMUK xaprHja o4 BpeqHocTH. Hera- TBHO NpMBMerOBaHe MOCeAHMUKe Kace Cy ,O6jeKTH MOcela’, TO ject He- cno6oyHa AMua Kao Noceban ,cTamex”, neknacupane oco6e (NponerepH” y aHTMYKOM cmucry), RY KHMUM U »CMpoTHiba”, Hocroje # ,Knace cpeniber cranexa’, y koje Be6ep yOpaja cBe one KojM *KMBe Of CBO}e HMOBUHE HH BellTMHa cTeYeHUX O6yYaBalbeM, Y3 YAHOBHUKE gaHaTinje, OH TY CBPC- Taba M cemake, aM Ce OBE OYUTMEMHO pan O ceybalyuMa Koji Cy BiACHH- WM cBojux nocena. Jmpepenunjausja NocenHMYKHX KNacd HE BOAI Hy?k- HO kKnacHum 6op6ama, Cro6odHu cemau, Kao »cna6uje MOsHTMBHO TpH- Bunerosana Knaca”, MOry NocTojaTH Ges HKAKBHX K/aCHHX cynpotHocr# Y3 »jaKO NO3KTMBHO mpueujeropany” knacy po6osiacnuka, on ns Home ( ca fleKnacupaHuma) y cabesy MpOTHB HecnoboqHHx Mua, oad ao nocednunxa xnaca dyxnuxa Mory a HOby y cYKOO ca ToREPHONIN Ve pana. Onaj cyxo6, mebyrum, He mopa ja Honene Ho HaMeHe MPH ee cicrema, Hero camo jo mipepacnionene nocena ~ pew Je pesonyui) AHMUKe Knace Tlocnosve xnace raxohe ce pee Ha 1103! THBHo npupuneronane, Tlosutusno mpupuncrovat -_‘Tpenyseruuun: Tprosyy, 6powopmacHuun, mHpycTpHjck MCHH, kao a Ca apy. yerupHo mpuBimeropane W Hera: pane mocmopHe K7ace CY nlomonpuBpen-pnnaHcHckH BPSAyas ty »Chooonna 3aHUMan.» MeTHMIH) M PanHMUN Ca KBaTHTeTHMA (oy npupes jatTux Mam CTeMCHUX noce6HoM O6yKOM) Koj nay Molongn roe npupnmeropane HOCTORHE xnace CY pagunnn (01 yen, mayen in Seen), Cawoemannn cemaut CY, 9 SHHODHMKE H SANTIe,y opye ee PERE yume xaace He yOpaja mapevon cembake, Beh camo xe, cuTHy 6ypxoasnjys neumyhny MHTENUTEHIBY H CTPY4HO O6pasonaie Kao H nace WMYhHMX M MIPHBHTErOBAH HX Ha OcHoBy O6pasonara, ant é moryhe ya je OH cRpeTanao caMocTamHe Ceybake y curay Sypmoaanjy, he nasje vaqRojHo HM 3anaTije HH neky APYTY Tpytannjy, a ana ce 4 pa a cenauy Biacniun. Unak, Mopa ce mpuanarn ja onge Saat HM TipenyseTHMUH, (apoKarH, 7eKapM, ¥! Panny. camocTamHit Hcy cacByM jache. ; Jlaxne, 3a BeGepa cy cemann ,kraca Cpestber cranexa’, »cnaGnje npr. Bueropaha NOCeMMAYKA Kjaca’, Cpeuiba MOCHOBHA Kiaca’, a Moxga 4 ~upyurrena xaaca” Tog onpebenum ycnosuma (kao Kjaca ayKHuKa Ha. cynpor Knacn nonepHiatia 43 Tpaja) OHM MOTY Ha BONE H Kacy Gopéy, na crynajy Kao Kiaca mpoTHB HeKe Apyre Kiace. OAMax ce Buju na ce opaj nocneaibu Be6epos cTaB Koc ca MapKcosmm Muuubetbem 0 Hecno- coOHocTH Cemaka fa Jemyjy kao Knaca. Tpema Muubersy T. Wanita, opa- kaB IMYpanMcTM4KM KOHUeNT Kaca MMa O36ubHE HENOCTATKe, OF KOjUx je BepoBaTHO HajBehn Taj LITO OH BOM TOTOBO HeorpaHMyeHo) aHaMHMTH4KOj noxemM ApyluiTBa y Maze Noprpyne, a ce fellaBa ja ,,BaCHMUM Mara3ziia” M ,BNaCHMUM akUMja” IpeyctTaBmbajy kiace y MCTOj MepM KONMKO M MHZyC- Tpujcku pagunun M4 cemayn (Shanin, 1973a: 252-253). Jonanu 6ucmo x To Ja je y 0Boj 3amucnu Moryha uM MsBecHa KOHdy3ja Kaja ce pagM o cemaul- TBY Kao KNacH, jep Cy OHA MCTOBpemeHo cEpcTaHu uM Meby noceqHMuKe H Meby nocnopHe Kjace, ja He MOMMEbeMO OHEKe HejacaH BeGepos cTaB 0 #4XOBO) MpunayHOcTH [pyulTBeHUM Kjacama. Cenauireo kao Apyuirseny Kacy carnenann cy 4 Copoxuu x L[umepman (Sorokin and Zimmerman, 1931: 59-97), 3a pasnuxy o Mapxca u BeGepa, IbMX [BOjuua Cy MManH M MpUMapHO McKycTBO pypamHOr »%MBOTA; Copo- KHH je, Kao emurpanT ua Pycuje, ,u3 nppe pyke“ mosnapao pycke Cerbake, Hox je Unmepman 640 cun dapmepa, Oun ropope o dpapMepcKO-cevba'iKoj Knack W MoKywabajy Na ykaxy Ha HeH Nonoxaj Mely ;pyrMM ApyuTBeHUM xKyjlacama. _ Baummaibe Kojem je y yenrpy o6paga seme M ysroj %MBOTIIba YMHO- _ TOME ce M OWITPO pasnuxyje on 3aHMMalba Apyrx K/aca, KAO WTO CY Ka- HMTANACTH, SEMLOBNACHHYM, MHLYCTpujcKN pagHnMuN H MpodechoHaryyts _ Paaa cpeauna papmepa u cemaka taxohe ce Beoma paamukyje on pawHe _ SPEAMHE TPpaackux saHuMatba, Ebuxop je pay meuasuna Tpu KaTeropHje _ Pana: npenyseTHu4Ko-MeHavepcKor, sarum pana KBanucpMKoBaHor payHit- 1) Xa H, KonatHo, pusuaxor (MaBpumo, MexanmuKor). Ped je 0 pnachu4Koj |= © knacu, jep Melhy onnma Koju ce Gane NlOONpUBpeAHOM MMA BHILE (cwrHHx) Seepraca wero H y JenHOM Apyrom sanuMatby. Mpocenar 5, on ‘onkaj oe KTace HMje BUCOK; OH je HMKH ON NPocernor Maren ann no- oa rpancke nOMy7atutje, au je a pure yjennayen, Ges Be ee Hono. Foweby eckTpemHo Gorarux H caceum cnpomamunx. Chenenes Pasnttxa opapneit cemauM Bulle CTHYY HaTypaniom npousnomyom fe aed | KUMOT I MOCTONAME Hcy jacno jUheperumpanit, Kao went? enysaj KOM Tpaackux K7aca. Apywrseno-nommtuaKn Honoxaj dapme om guke K7Iace MHOTO je HIDKH Of MCTOMPcHOr toHOKaja ypoane mene, iyuje, mTO je HEIOM YBPOKOBAHO HearleKBATHOM HomUTHUKOM Cprannsoea’ pourhy Koja je YAH HeAOBKOMmHO CnOcoGHOM fa Gpann conctBeHe unrepece uw mpapa. TO, MebyTuM, He 3Ha4M Ja cbapMepcKo-cematKa Knaca He MOxKe ja pom CONCTREHY NONMTHKY HM ja Hea cheynu4Hy HAeoAOrHjy (,arpapn- aM"), PasMMSUTY ON APYPUX HjeonorH; (counjannama, KOMYHM3Ma, M6e- panusma, KoHSepBaTHBH3Ma). Ox Camor cBoj HacTaHKa, rpajoBn nomnun- pajy Han pypazHu o6nacruma y \pyTBeHO-noOMTHYKOM M eKOHOMCKOM cuncny - Ty nojasy Copokuu u Lumepman nasmpajy ,yp6anoxparuja®. Y wenn rieqaHo, bapmepcko-ceybauka Kraca je knaca sui generis, pasnmun- Ta Off CBUX APYTUX K7laca. Kao into je to 08 aumpononoeuje Hasad Ka couuonoeuju: cemavumeo u wez06a mpancPopmauuja Tloxymaj Copoxmua vu I[umepmana, ocum urro je y counonornj 610 TIpHM4HO ycaMbeH, Mao je M1 Ty OMMKY Na je y Hemy cMlajano M OHO LITO ce Hje MOT CaCBMM CIIOjUTH, a TO je Mojam cesbaka M nojam apmepa. Ca apyre crpane Arnantuka, y Esponu, ceioM cy ce 3aHuManu HcTOMHOcBpOn- CKM Hay4HUUM, OK Cy ra OHM M3 3anaqHe Eppone Maibe-Buute sao6una3H- 1M, KOMMKO TOU cy TO Mor. OBM TIpBH Cy, ¥ CBOjMM TIpoydaBarbHMa, IPM- MerbMBaM YIaBHOM MOHOrpadckH WM THMOMOUIKM MPHCTYT, 6e3 nyOmux Teopujckux yBuyfa Kajja je O CealllTBy pey; HEYOCTAjao je, KaKo 61 To peKao M. Murposuh (1998), ananuTH4kn MpucTyn, " Onpehewe nojma cemauiTBa unaK ce NojapH7o, aN He y counonornjn, Beh y 10j cpouHoj ycUMTIIMHY, aNTpononOrnjH. Jena 6poj amepurixinx auTpononora yauuuo je xBane BpewaH noKywla) Aa OGjach cemaluTeoy NororoBo erowo pasnuKoBare Of MpunayHHka nlemenckx ApywiTana ca jenue mogepHor nobonpuspenHuKa ca Apyre CTPane- Tipu sont Tuna je ya ce amepwuka anTpomonorsja OKPeHy"a waysaBarby ee Cpeniboj 4 Jyxxnoj Amepuun, Bauckom VicroKy, Vani, Kun 4 not Epponu tex ona Kasia joj je 4sonOBAHMX NOKAMHNX sajennona Pri onbal 8a Npoyyapaibe! u Wa cy y YMTABOM TaNacy monorpadija ¥eCFO » : axnparea cemaliTaa Of CTPaHe 4 Haseby ocranor u sGor ose unisennue, aHTpOnOROMIKa MAPOTT maywnna us CAI uney worna na uaGeray uspecrant mpuaByx (#60)pig ut any He“ MCTHHe JaBHO MOsHaTe HSBAH EHTECKOF FOBOPHOr Nogpyyja (Shan; 1973), amu ce unlak He Moxke npeHeGpehnt wMiPeHiTa Aa cy ce ypapo a PHYKH aHTportonosi MpAH ONBAKHAH a REPUUsy cemauttso, kag ig cy cRojum ompeberuma GUTHO YTHHAMM HA KACHHJe MCTOBPCHE HOKyiaje : COUMOMOTHJM. ald Connonoruja je, npema A. KpeGepy; » ne rije. Counonoan npeTexHo anamuanpajy CONCTREHY tMBHHZALUITy I Gy. Behn ce HoMe HacToje na 6yay He CAMO ayTOLeHTpH4HHK, Beh w nocreheny HHEHO} CalalHOCTH MH nenocpenio) 6ynyhnoctit ~ crora je narnacax Ono nm octao Ha pelaparby KOHKPeTHHX APYUITBEHHX npoGnema, Ha IpyurrBenoj axuuju. Ca apyre cTpane, antpononorija WaAKay Haje Hana snpaKtuny* Hory® m yMecto na 6yze y pemcpebena jipyuitBo, ojyBek ce bana dope. KOM M HETOBUM CHemMPHYHUM MPpoHsBosom — Kyntypom. Kyrtypa je ono To myacka BpeTa HMA, a Apyre (APyuTBeHe) BpcTe KUBHX 6uha HeMajy; ona yKbyYyje TOROP, 3Halbe, BepoBatba, o6myaje, yMeTHocT, TexHonorujy, maeane m mpasuina. Kynrypa je OHO LITO yuH4Mo Om ApyTHx yA, On Ha- MIMX CTapHX H OX MPOUIIOCTH, aM H OHO LTO Camu TOMe HORajemo. Ouxa je MCTOBpeMeHO M HaAMHIMBMAyaHa M Hayoprancka (anu M4 He M Heopran- cka): mpemja je npexoce, y oj yuecTBYjy M MpOMsBoLe HHAMBHAYe, Ona je cTeveHa M To cTeyeHa yuerbem. Kynrypa ce Moxke ylopeqMTH Ca KopanHim Tpe6eHoM, Koj Moxke 64TH MivbaMa /lyT M HacembeH Mimujapaama cuhyul- Hux nomuma. UspcTu neo rpebena cauutben je of KamHjym Kap6ouata KojH nomMnM NpoMsBone XM/baaMa FopuNa, Na Ce OH More CMaTpaTH KyMy7a- TUBHMM, KOMYHaHMM if [pyUITBeEHUM MposBoyom. Ha nospuinHn rpebe- wa Hanase ce 6es6pojHK KUBM HOnMTH, 6es 4Hjux MpenaKa He 61 61170 HH camor rpe6ena. Mehytum, rpe6ex 64 HacTaBKo fa MOCTOjM Yak M Aa CBE nonune y6uje npomena canunuTeta wim Temmeparype oKeana. Mameby Ky"Type 4 KopanHor rpeGena Noctoje M pasmuKe: MpBO, OK je TpeGeH gu SM4KOr KapakTepa, MponsBomM KyATYpe cy M UBHYKH H AYXOBHH (He}e> o6pacyn noHauata); Apyro, 3a pasmnky of OHOca rpeGeHa HM HOBHX T10- _ muna, kyITypa yMHorome oppebyje *KMBUM jeqMHKama (yAHMA) xaxo he xnsern. JIpyurtso 4 KyATypa cy Kao j\Be CTpane UcTor sucTa MaLMpa; O€3 | bYAM M ApyurtBa He 6u Guno KynType, anu 6e3 kynType YOBEYAHCTBO ou id uno camo jou jeqHa KABOTHICKa BPcTa, No OprakMs0oBaHOcT#t HCHOA Hie Ba Mpaba 4 nuena, Kyntypa M ApyulTBO cy TONMKO McnpemmeTeHH, Aa ux je ‘ecto nornyHo Hemoryhe pacranuru (Kroeber, 1948: 12, 253-256, 267-268). 1 ¥ roxy paspoja aurpononornje Kao Hayke, crBopena je ancrpakTHa Cm e ka MPMMMTMBHOF M/leMeHa, Kao Ma/le M CAMOMOBObHE 3aje[HULE. AHTporo- | Tor je Bubeu Kao HeKo Ko ycamben %KHBH y jeMHO} TaKBO) SajenHMUMt MPH kymnajyhu Toyarke o HANH %kuBOTa HEHMX IIpHNagHUKa. TaKo je IPAM ape bse KpeGeposo anhene nenpaxtunoct antpononornje nitje cacBum Taio, jep CY Ce ANT) “casmana KOpHCTWT W KOpKCTe y GpojHiia BojHKM M caMsHMM MuTepseHsjama ("LT Mpax; suax onumpunje y Wnyxnh # Wyxnh, 2012: 253-254). cectpa GnnsHaKisina" axtpong ponioousxa BujeTHamqupHa H M3OBaHa sajequuua noctana Mojlen 3a Kctpaxi a: yorlTaBarba. Mebyts, Kaxo cy ce auTPononoant yny, cpe BuUle H BHUe APyuTaBa, 6pso je noctano jacho pa cnoxkeHHja ON ANCTPAKTHOT Moyea 4 pa Bennkn yar 3a MpeiMeT HUKAKO Huje H30ToRAH (Redfield, 1961: 5-10). ‘ Metpaxyjyhu kyrTypy, Kpebep ce 6anno 1 ocobennn (not) x: nonyT ypOane H pypanne, younpmn ja Pypanna aaj (Cottonville), yseta 3a ce6e, He npenctanma KOMIeTHO j1pyurTRO, Kao 4 je KYITYPA OBE 3ajeMHIe CAMO peo Behe kyntype, : ie yp6anor H pypantor, saK7byuHtO je Na na nocToje pea Apyurrseno-Kyatypua mona: Ha jeNHOM Cy Mane, HIONOBAHE HnemencKe Sajeninue, a Ha ppyrom MHoronyaHa COpUCTHUMpana NpyuiTBa BenuKUx TPanona; cpemion nonoxKaj saysuma cemallTBo, Ipemaa jecituutHBHo pypannn, Cemanu nnax xKMBe y ugBecHOj MOBeIaHOCTH Ca TpayCKHM TpAMUITEM Ht MHe eo Behe nomyna- unje, Koja OneT CanpxM yp6ane uenTpe. Onn ynne Aenumusno Apyuitpo ca JeNMMUHOM Ky/Typom (en. part-society with part-culture).* Cemaust HCY HM M3O70BAHM, HM MOMMTMYKMA ayTOHOMHM, Hit CaMOMOBOMA Kao TIeMeHCKe 3ajeqHMue, Mako 3alpkaBajy JocTa on cBor AoKanHor MgeHTH- Teta, CebalTBO MocToju (uaKo y nOHeMITO H3MeHeHOM o6nuKy) y cBnm eBPONCKMM 3embama, a y Cpeqtboj m JyaHoj Amepuut Hactano je HaKoH MlaHCKMX OCBajaka, Kayla je 3areveHO CTaHOBHMUITBO oN cTpaHe ocBajaya SampaBo IpeTBopeHo y cemauiTBo. Ca Apyre crpane, Ha TepHTopujama Ha kojuma je umurpauuja Guna Macopna um 6psa, Kao uITO je TO 610 cny4aj y Cesepuoj AMepnun, Hicy nocTojamm ycnopu 3a nojapy cemaursa (Kroeber, 1948: 270, 280-284). Hacrapmajyhn ce va KpeGepa, P. Peadpmiy Koucraryje a cy amepuyKit aHTponon03K CemaliTBO ,oTKpumM™ y JlarMHcKoj AMepuHyM H a je OHA 3anpaBo 647a MecTo Ha koje ce AHTponOnoriija NOMepHa Of MIeMeHCKX Sajenuuua ka cemauitpy. ,Cema4Ko [pyuTBO H KyITYpa MMajy HeuiTo re- Hepaiko y cen’, npumerso je OH, ,TO je yCTPojcTBO Koje HMa CMMuHOCTH Tae Ton ce y cpery Hanasuno“ (Redfield, 1961: 17). Cemauxa 6 Apyures He Mory nedunncaTH Kao APYUITBA CHTHUX NponsBobasa Koj Mponsso- Re 3a concrpeny norpoumpy, jep 6u Ty Mopane Gur ykmyyeHe H OpojHe Demeucke sajeqnnye. Cemarn cy OHM my/K 3a Koje MobonpuBpenta Hite Smo usBop cpeyctapa 3a KMBOT, Hero Mt HAYMH XAKUBOTA; APYTHM oe Toonpuspena 3a cemaka Hije GU3HMC KojeM Gu WW OHO CTHUAHE po Ta. Ynpano je ono cyuTHHCKa pagnuKa usMeby cemaxa H dbapMepa, J" o6a (Redfield, jeaa one Apyre nomonpuspena nocao, a semyba kamuTam H P 1961; 18-19), 3a PasMMky Of NpPUMUTKBHUX, K3ONOBAKMX I ~ “ehauka cy apyursa peqosHo eo exe Behe upyuiTBeH Spoj sajennina koje cy > HM PyUTBeHO, Hy kyatypro ‘Y"TYpama, eMeHCKHX 3ajeqHMta, e yenune. Ha mpu-Mepy HopBeulkux cerbaka, Peni HaBOM Tp, ~IIPYUITBe Hg Cemauika Apyurmna onesaria ca KHBOTOMA HautHje (Redfic} 1, Teputopujanno ,.upyuTBeHo Nome’, y Kojem c¢ Ko ApyuiTso jenHa ay|MHHCTpaTHBHa jequnnya Hay OWHOCH Ha A[pkaBy, aM M Ha UpKBy; 2. TpkMUIHO »ApyUITREHO Nome TMpenna MY HonagaK Ha y Nout Huje MpHOpHTeT, CemaK je HNAK Ca ThUMe HOReday . Pinte M kynyje 4 mponaje, ITO Ta BEXe 3a MHOTO INpy Apyurrnesy meropor cena MAM Kpaja; 3. ,Haunonanna ApyuiTBena Mpexa“ Kao olPYUTBEHG je cemax ponGunckuM Besama, npHjatencrauma, NOsHaHctBnya , ot HMYKUM MHTepecuMa TOBEsaH Ca MHOFO Behm 6pojem TynM Ea 3ajeq To cny¥aj ca npunaguMyuma TeMEHCKUX sajemuniya; te Apyurtnene cemaumt YNOCTAB/Ajy WIMPpoOM nauuje, a He camo yuyrap cpora cena, Bexe Kyarypa cepauxe sajequuue Huje HM Hesapncan, HH CaMonoROnay a ayTOHOMAH ciCTeM KaKaB CY W9OMTONAME MTeMeHtcKe sajenuine, Kao Cemaiko APYWTBO NOTY-APYUITBO, TAKO je CemauKa Kyntypa nony. xy. pa. Cemauka kyatypa Ma CBOjy MCTOpH}y, aM OHA Huje ToKanHa, Beh je to ucTopuja DMBHTNMSALINJE. anju je cemauka kyntypa jenan og M3pa3a. Ceaxa quBuANsaniija Ma CBOjy ,bemMKy Tpanmunjy“ 1 cBojy ,Many Tpanmusiy" mpBa Ce crBapa of Crpane pedneKcuBHe Mareuue M MpeHocn NYTeM wkora u xpamopa, a [pyra OmcTaje Kao ycMexa, y pypanHMM o6nactuma. Benuxa 4 mana Tpayuunja cy Mehyco6xo sapucue u yTuuy jequa Ha Upyry (Redfield, 1961: 40-43). Mucimpucan Kpe6eposum um Pendungzosum yonpunocom, y onpeheny CemalllTBa okyulao ce u dbpaHiyycKm comomor A. Menppac. 3a pasiitky o4 AaMePM4KHX aHTPoNOMOra, OH Ce Huje 6aBMO CemallITBOM Kao eT30THUHOM, AaneKOM M CTpaHoM [pyulTBeHOM rpynom (KakBa cy cemaun JlaTHHcKe Amepuxe 6unu 3a craHopuuxe CAJ]), nero ce KOHUCHTPHcao Ha cBoje H oKoNHa ApyuiTBa, 7j. Ha CemaiTBO samaque Eppone y Apyrom MuneHijymy nocne Xpucra, Menapac Tapa ya cy HcTopu4apu joKasamn ja je ppanayKnt Sanaa 610 arpapHo APyuTBo y Kojem je Bnajap sanpawo Oxo ,arpapHM mormaBap® Kojtt ce Huje MHoro pasnuKonao of cBojux nojanuxa. Taj ce nepHoy sanpuiasa Aubepenuuparsem usmeby pnactene m cemaKa mM KoucTHTyHCabem Oey AanHor ApyuizBa (oKo rogmne 1000. nocne Xpucra), y Koje cy peyAatukt Hampebenu cemaynma, BesaHum 3a 3emmy M Heny Obpamy - TAKO HacTale Ce@allltBo kao noce6aH ApymTBeHu enturer, [memuhky ROMMHALIY a £¢ Mponerapusonary, rj. usry6uhe cpoje mane noceje u octahe HajaMHn paaunuv, npumopann pa Hponajy jennno wro umajy - cBojy payuy cHary: ce Apyre ctpave, snacumurso Hay sembom he ce KOHeHTpHcaTH y MallOM a ee ere oe nojapy Knace Kanuranucta y mo/bonpHBpe- blesna fe J€ youno fa je opaj mpouec y Pycuju npuan4Ho cop, J&Y cknany ca Mapxcozom joxtpnuom, HettoKome6mHBO BepOBAC ha Je onvcann mpontec mbepennnjaurje ne camo nensGexan, Beh 1 KO- PeKAKO Y exOHOMCKOM CMHCITY (jep omoryhana pasnoj npoussoynux uae wy NOMMTHYKOM (npetsapate cemaka y Mponetepe snauuno u path nonuTMuke mapTHje Koja je TBpAMNa fa 3actyna MHTepece go ara, WHUAYETPHICKOT HM CBAKOT mpyror — cousjatyemoxparcke). ae rowiHa MOCNe Jleruna, muyhn 0 1cToM mpobnemy M Ko- rke ca MOUeTKA ABaseceTOr BEKa, HapottbaK® A. ne 2 ropano fla Ha pyckom ceny MrTaK nehe zohss 0 ourrpe monapu- : HcTe M paquMKe, TIpe cBera 3aTO WTO OPraHMsalsronye y3eTHO BeMMKY Coco6HOCT aman- ramo HeKO" or paTucTMAKe NOY xansTam Kor ra3qMHCTBA nocesyje 13) anno Metbajyhe eKOHOMCKe ycrTORe. Tipu Tome, 6170 My je jac- Guoct anantanije ykmyyyje 6uTHe Mpomene y Ha4MHy pala loco! ), KAO WH HOBMX OpraHHsallMHAx (npuxnararbe HORE TexHUKe Texnonorije r opm (3eMOPAAHMAKUX sanpyra). Tajanop je Mucano ja ce momapHsa- nia pypatvor Apyuitsa, W3 MCTHX pasiora, uche oroquTH HAY 3eM/ba- wa koje cy y TO BPEMe 6une MHoro pasBHjennje on Pycuje, ykwysyjuhn 1 apyurraa Cenepre AMepHKe (Chayanov, 1986). Crap Yajanopa noApKam cy wu Copoknn 1 Lnmepmax, mporHosH- paiyhut na ce, 6e3 o63upa Ha BenMKH Hanpemak, creneH Mexannaalisje pana y nomonpuspel HUKAT Hehe n3jeqHayHTH Ca OHMM y MHYCTPH)H Ma he 36or Tora, Kao M 360r 6urHo Apyrasnje (Buue mpupoyHe) pawue cpean- ne, saHMMaibe CebaKa-cbapMepa OCTATH pasiM44To Ol CBUX rpaycKMx 3a- numatba. Pacnay pypaiHor ApyultBa Ha KalluTamuctTe M HajaMHe pawqHUke nehe ce AOroAMTH, jep BeNMKe MpOUsBOAHE jenuunyue y momonpuspeaH uucy npoduTa6unnnje on, Ma7nx (kao urro To cny4aj y MHaycTpHjx). OBY cBojy MporHo3y OHK gacHMBajy “ Ha KOHKpeTHMM Topalyima H TpeHAOBH- ma: y BeNMKOM Opojy EBPONCKUX 3eMayba 6poj cemaiKnx rasqMHcTaBa jey jeperHaecTOM M MOYETKOM ABaNeceTOr BeKa MOpacTao, a HE OMIA, Ca THME ja je nosehatbe 6u0 HApOUMTO M3PaxKeHO y NPBUM roqMHama HakoH IIpBor cserckor pata (Sorokin and Zimmerman, 1931: 625-626). Y apyroj nonopnuK npoumor Beka, COMMONOSH Kojn cy ce 6aBunu pypan- HMM npo6lemuma HMCy Bue MOpal Na Ce orpanmuapajy Ha carmeqaBalbe 6yayhuocru, seh cy cBeOUMIM BEMMKUM PYIITBEHHM N|pOMeHAMa Ha Ceny M DoKywapann ja Ux OGjacHe. ~ Taxo je y sanannoj Enpona A. Menmpac nporacno »Kpaj ceaKa’, amit je taj ,xpaj* rymauno ppyraunje on Jlemuna, cmarpajyhu fa ce cemaulTBO Npeo6pasuno nog yTHMajem mpoyeca Mo;epHHsalyy)| pllecer exona Kacuuje (1j. y APYTO) MONOBUH ABaECeTOr BeKa — HAMO- aes spriyae unnycrpujckor ypyuirea npekia Ty Koer~ per ears anHor ApyuTBa,? Chaka ayTOHOMHja cemauKHx y onHocy Ha yp6annsonano M MHAYCTpHjanH30- a. rey 1 4 Itpymrmcnn x nonmnent noxper y Pyow je ce rnegnre cyurtunican pasnkonano of Salem npr 9 Tox a" 0, : srasaaaa Apyuirbent OMe ce nonpanytensHpyiT90 Xoje yjenmtbyje nenoze y uenuny. . ‘po eonestispepcn a iy) aM ayTop ce CROKMO cd OBAM uspasoM (Menppac, a onom KoHTeKCTY, »P06anMo apyuirso™ Hema 3 i ie emesis ria ba a (ts ii= any ninne we MORE TOREPHEATHE RA Y ETON Hes, uija ocTAne sapranan SORANA H na KOH te al RROrNRT noatbe H BOTA, EXOUOMEKA, HeMorpa} Sanja yn ee mcrae ce namier apyurrsa, Cenax ce NPETRAPA Y HOOMPHEPEAIHKA, ¥ NomoH py. " Fponanobasa Koji je METONPEMCHO POY ETHIK Ht pnt aeeaaeeceineyana 3a NPONSRONUDY, AMM KOM HE KOPHCTH aheny Panel aaa eaeeweri Mano, CemANNM, HOYT rpabattia, toc raje nonpe, oa hates a xymyje eno} X1e6, y NeMY HILUHMO KPajthit Mapas ongae nana cenaune rpanwnuje. YpOana wunsiAaAHja HPOTMpE y ceno, ry Maconna” KyTTypa 6pume cemaiky Ky"ITYPy. Kpaj cemaxa (...) osnayang xpaj jennor Tuna xumanyromummper ppyittna (...)." (Menyipac, 1986: 29-39) Tlaxne, Menpac Tapmit Aa cy ce 3anajHOenponcKHt cemaitH ¥ Apyroj no. nowunH NpoUIAOT Bea TPancipopanteamt ¥ HomONPHNPeUEKE, MonepHe nomonpunperne npousnohare miterpucante y LenHHy {pyurtpa, KaKo exo. Homckn (TpMUITe), TAKO H_KYITYPHO (HeCTAHAK TpayMiMOnaHe cemaike kyarype), kao m 7a je Ta Tpaneipopmaunja peaynrar npoueca unterpauije cenauxor apyuitBa y MoepHo ApyuTBO, Kopucrehn Pexbiajone, ann y concTsene YBHAE, OH je H WeMaTCKH MpeCTABHO pasmuke H3Meby ,quBma- xa" (npunagnuixa Hs0noBaHOF MemeHcKor ApyuiTBa), cemaKa H MOmonpH- speannxa (Ta6ena 2). Bano APYUITRO, Koje jena Tako anayajna mony npowsi Ta6ena 2. Pasnuxosarwe usmeby “duenaka”, ceaka u nowonpuspednuxa Obenexje | “DteaK” Cemax Tlomonpuepenux AyTonomutja Tornyna Penarusna Huxakpa aoKannor Konexruputera Camonosonnoct | Mornyna Tpahena Hukaxpa TIpoHsHO; OM Ha MMe pasinx Ranatba Cneynjanusayuja | Huxaxsa Cnaba Mapasnra sayaraxa | Mlonena sanaraxa | Cpoycrpa, Homahnncke ‘Texnonornje SaBMCH on yspacta 4 nona rpyne TpkuUTa Ta dla He | MAR St ta antes cea | On6aynpatse OHMX n3BaH rpyne AmGnpanentuo | He Ta He ctp. 30.ga pasniny OR Cemaka, HOMOTPUBPEAHK XUAH Y sMacomme « * Fou APYUITBY. ¥ KOJEM MOKATIN KONEKTHMBHTETH Byrne ny HOM soi mpeacTanmajy TOCSY KAPUKY y nomeTHUKO-aTNAE wth i, Homonpumpenva MPoHsnostsa ce oKpehe “ ysonana: M3 HawtHAa *IBOTA (cemaK), apeauux TpaHa (Menapac, 1986: 31), se je Menpac uMao y BuAy cynOuny cemamtra ya. ann je moKytna0 7a veers ha nyTene H HadHHe npeobparkaja cenauxnx pyuraa y cnery yomurre, pu Tome, On Pasitkyje TPH chonrana npapua apanchopmannije cemauiTBa H jenaH OKTPoucanH (Shanin, 1973a: 248-251; ghanin, 1990: 30-32): 1.TIppm o6pasau npomene o6yxBara mpouec y Kojem enka, MexaHu- gopana TasMMHCTBA NocTeneHo ptytajy" mana, Jonas 10 Kounentpannje sem HUINOT BIACHMUITBA M KOUIETPanuje HonmOMpHNperHE NpoMsBoRIbe, a nomonpHBpena 6uBa y NOTnyHOCTH MHAYCTpHjanH30BaHa, Ono je cayuaj y CAI, cenepuoj Mrannju 1 yentpannoj Ppanuyckoj, Kao u y KOMXO3MMa y CCCP-y. Vinax, vax My OBMM ToAPyyjuMa Reo Manux rasqMHctapa ycrieba ya IpeXuBH gaxBambyjyhu CBOjoj Bennkoj cnocobHoctn mpunarohapatsa; 2pyrn o6pasay jecre npeobparkaj cemautea y npodecnonanun cnoj gapmepa. CupomaulHnjm Cemalm Hanyurrajy momonpuBpeny u mpenase y rpanose (cnu4HO ce 361Ba 1 Ca OHMM HajMMyhnujum), NOK ce ,cpeataun", KopuicTehu NpeqHOCTM MOpoAM4HE MpoMsBOAwe M 3aApy2%KHO OpraHi30- Bale, ycllemtHo Gope 3a CBOj NoNoxaj Ha Tp»xKuuITy. OBy npeobpas6y nparu ¥ nojaba cnoja paqHMKa-cemaka, Koj y3 MOcao y MHAYCTpHjn saapKaBajy Boj ManM nocey (Ha KojeM UpomsBoye yriaBHoM 3a corcTBeHy Morpo- my). Onucanu o6pasaiy 3amaxen je y Hajpehem yemy cepeprosanayue Es- POne, aM MY OHM COLMjamMcTHYKMM 3eM/baMa KCTOUHE Espone koje cy RosBonnne NOcTojawe CMTHMX pousBohaya y MomoNpHBpenH (Mlomcka # Jyrocnapuja); 3.3a HepasBujene seme KapaKrepucruuan je Tpehit OGpasau, anja je cyuITMHa KymynaTMBHa Naynepusaynja cemamtsa. [[pywirBera pabHote*a je tamo cpyuiena ycney 6psor nopacta CTaHOBHMUITBA, PasBoja TPUITA MK YunwTera TpaqMUMOHANHNX Cebarkux anata Of CTPAHe MHAYCTPHjes MC ToBpemeno, yomaha majycrpija ce paawujana cHopo K s6or Tora Hive Gums cnoco6ua ja npuxearu BUUaK payHe cHare M3 pypamlHux oGaactn, Her aa CTBOpH akymynaunjy norpedny 3a Op» ApyusTBEHM Pasve). Tipe HOCT Ha ceny Boum Many NpoceyHux mpHxona H Nopacty Gene; Manne on 43PH4NTO HaBO, j Meps 4 4.4ereprn Soni eres ae SLnenenrae jep my je cywTHHa y AP q 7 OUMjanMcTAs- KaBHoj uuTepBenynju. Haume, peponyymoHapHe enute y ¢ Sy suaneey kum 3emmama, y Hamepu na yOpsajy ApywTBeH pasPo), ee upxase, Koneicrupsaunjy nomonpspene. YapKoc Orpomnune BNW TT oe enementn cemaaxor nawnia xuBOTA m OBpE CY YerTeMH Ha ONCTARY ORYIpY NnakoBuma KojA cy HOLM »O03TO - ttc marta ik HUCTpatanHo) BHO che spray noel Ha ce Mpernapa y jenny on yew! newt) anaioj Esponu, 7,” Ceno y COMMONOMI KON o Menan Enonyrupun npeoGpaxkaj cpnckor cemamrna jeranyo je Bykocapmenith. Ou je caojum HerparxKimarima noKarag Ka Mo C TO CpNickKu cemaK NocTeneno Mpenasto ca eKctensupne Homonpunpere Ha MUTesHBNY, Ca CTONAPCTBA Ha paraperng y fa cTRO, ca norpomayKor (HaTypanHor) Ha TPKUTIHO “punpebinarse BPTap. capmesnh, 1983). Ca naumiom npunpebipama, Memaro ce aise Bina. XKUBOTY Ceybaka, uameby octanor M CTaHoRame = Tow je mpobnemy Byrn Bmepnh nocreTMo noce6ny naxy (Bykocanmennh, 1965) 1 Tako inaeatl nonpuneo Gome pasyMeRatby CeAlITRA, aI H Iherone TPaNcibopMaune N ex “PAK THI