CHUYỂN ĐỔI THÌ QÚA KHỨ ĐƠN SANG THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

1.
S + began/ started + V-ing / To V … in + time (May, 1990,…)
time (years, month,..) + ago
 S + have/has + Ved/3…………….. since/ for + time
have/has + been + V-ing…….
Ex: I started learning English five years ago.  I have been studying English for five years
2.
S + have/ has + not + Ved/3………for/ since + time
 a. It’s + time + since + S + (last) + Ved/2
 b. The last time + S + Ved/2… …was + time(years,month,..) + ago
in + time(May, 1990,…)
 c. S + last + Ved/2 …… time + ago
in + time

Ex: She has lived here for many years. It’s many years since she lived here.
I haven’t seen him for two months.  It’s two months since I last saw him
I haven’t seen him for two months
 The last time I saw him was two months ago
 I last saw him two months ago
3.
S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/3 ….+ since + S + Ved/2
 S + (last) Ved/2 + when + S + Ved/2
Ex: John hasn’t seen her since she left for Japan.  John last saw her when she left for Japan
4.
S + have/ has + not + Ved/3………before
 It/this/that is the first time + S + have/ has + Ved/3
Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before. It is the first time I have seen that man here
5.
How long is it since + S + Ved/2…..?
have/ has + S + Ved/3…..?
 When did + S + V0…….?
Ex: How long is it since you sold this car?  When did you sell this car?
6.
S + have/ has + never + Ved/3 + such (a/ an) + Adj + N
 It/this/that is the + Adj (superlative) + S + have/ has + ever + Ved/3
Ex: I’ve never met such an intelligent boy.  This is the most intelligent boy I’ve ever met
7.
Before + S + Ved/2………….S + had + Ved/3
After + S + had + Ved/3……….S + Ved/2
Ex: He played football but first he did all his homework
 Before he played football, he had done his homework
 After he had done his homework, he played football
8.
S + had + hardly + Ved/3 + when + S + Ved/2
= Hardly + had + S + Ved/3 + when + S + Ved/2
 S + had + no sooner + Ved/3 + than + S + Ved/2
= No sooner + had + S + Ved/3 + than + S + Ved/2
Ex: He had hardly seen me when he ran away.  He had no sooner seen me than he ran away
 EXERCISES
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning.
1. My aunt has been teaching English for 40 years.
 My aunt began…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. We started looking for a flat 2 months ago and we are still looking
 We've ………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I have played football for ages.
 It’s ages …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The last time I went to Hanoi was over fours years ago.
I …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
It’s ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. I haven’t heard from him since July.
I last …………………………………………………………………………………………….
The last time I …………………………………………………………………………………..
6. I last saw her when she returned to her home town.
 I haven’t seen her …………………………………………………………………………………
7. I haven’t gone swimming since we were in Spain
 I last ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. She hasn’t seen her mother since she left for Pairs.
 She ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. She hasn’t spoken Japanese before.
 It’s the first time ………………………………………………………………………………….
10. This is the first time she has driven a car.
 She ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. How long have you sold your old house?
 When did you sell…………………………………………………………………………………
12. I have never met such a nice person
  It's ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. I has never seen such a beautiful building
 It's ………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. I went over my lesson and then went to school
 Before I ………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. The children went to bed. We watched TV.
 After the children ………………………………………………………………………………
16. He had hardly begun the trip when he fell ill.
 Hardly ………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. As soon as they arrived on the beach, it started to rain.
→ They had no sooner …………………………………………………………..……………….