Name: Mike Antolino Jr.

Gr/Sec: ABM 12 A

1.What is justice?

> Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered.

> The principle or ideal of just dealing or right action.

2.What are the different dimensions or categories of justice?

> Commutative. based on the principle of equality.

> Distributive. guarentees the common welfare by sharing what God has created.

> Legal. the obligations of the government to it's citizens and society. poopsite of distributive.

> Social. everyone has a right to a fair say in society.

3.What are the "rights"? Give example of philosophers who advocated rights theories for judging
actions?

> Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the
fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some
legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.

Philosophers that featured/advocate right theories for judging actions:

Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle > posited the existence of natural justice or
natural right

Thomas Aquinas, Francisco Suárez, Richard Hooker, Thomas Hobbes, Hugo Grotius, Samuel von
Pufendorf, and John Locke > Featured "Natural law" is a philosophy asserting that certain rights are
inherent by virtue of human nature, endowed by nature—traditionally by God or a transcendent source
and that these can be understood universally through human reason.

Hugo Grotius > based his philosophy of international law on natural law. He wrote that "even the will of
an omnipotent being cannot change or abrogate" natural law, which "would maintain its objective
validity even if we should assume the impossible, that there is no God or that he does not care for
human affairs."

Karl Rahne > discusses human dignity as it relates to freedom. Specifically, his ideas of freedom relate to
human rights as an appeal to the freedom to communicate with the divine. As embodied individuals who
can have this freedom and dignity threatened by external forces, the protection of this dignity takes on
an appeal to protect human rights.

4.Define Virtue ethics. Provide a brief historical background for virtue ethics.