RELIGION REVIEWER
CONCUPISCENCE
SSN 1: THE REALITY OF SIN
SIN
- Rejection of the good
- Transgression of God’s moral
law
- Greatest obstacle to human
freedom
- Violates the fundamental
human values
- Hurts our freedom and
freedom of others
- Opposite of love
- We think only of ourselves
- We forget we are persons-in-
community
Saints are sinners before they became a
saint.
- They became aware and
made the decision to love
God
TWO ERRONOUS NOTIONS OF SIN
1. Downplaying the Existence and
Gravity of Sin
- They tend to rationalize their
actions and deny their
obligation to respect
- Teenagers reject all forms of
limitations
- Sin is a natural part of
growing up
- An act is not evil if almost
everyone is doing it
2. Overstressing the Existence of
Sin
- We fail to see humanity’s
immense capacity for doing
the good
- God rejects our sins but never
ceases to love us
unconditionally
© KIA RODA ZIA TORNILLA 10 217
SSN 2: ORIGINAL SIN AND
ORIGINAL SIN
- Refers to sinful act and the
sinful state resulting from
what our first parents did
THE SINFUL ACT OF OUR FIRST
PARENTS: ORIGINATING SIN
- The sin that started it all
- God is not the source of sin
- The first members of human
race abused their freedom
- Our first parents choose to
reject God’s friendship for
they desired to be like God
- We inherit and continue to
suffer from the effects of the
first sin
- They lost God’s sanctifying
grace
THE SINFUL CONDITION WITHIN US
AND IN OUR WORLD: ORIGINATED
SIN
- Kasalanang mana
- We inherit a state of
sinfulness
- We inherit the effects and
condition of sinfulness
CONCUPISCENCE
- Inner attraction to sin
SIN OF THE WORLD
- We should seek to grow in our
life of grace and strengthened
by the Holy Spirit
- The relational and social
effect of the first sin
ORIGINAL  ORIGINATING  CONCUPISCENCE
SIN SIN
 ORIGNATED  SIN OF THE
SIN WORLD
“BABAWI AKO SA SECOND TERM!”
SSN 4: PERSONAL SIN AND
SEVEN CAPITAL SINS
PERSONAL SIN
- Results when we give in to
our self-centered tendencies
and chose to do what we
know is morally evil.
- May take form of an impure
thought, a hurtful word or an
evil dead
- We are culpable for our
personal sin
SEVEN CAPITAL SINS
- Capital sin is graver than
venial sin which can be
forgiven through confession
1. SLOTH
- Sorrow in the face of spiritual
good
- Spiritual laziness
- Causes us to neglect our
duties
- It is physical when it manifests
laziness, procrastination,
idleness, indifference and
nonchalance
- It is spiritual when it distaste
for the spiritual, a hurried
crowding of devotions and
failure to cultivate new virtue
2. LUST
- Inordinate desire for sexual
pleasure
- Seeks personal, fleeting
gratification
- Include dwelling on impure
thoughts, masturbation,
fornication, adultery and
viewing pornography
- Under the appearance of
pleasing the body, we kill the
soul
© KIA RODA ZIA TORNILLA 10 217
3. ANGER/WRATH
 Wrongful Anger
o A person is so angry
and does something
that causes him/her to
sin more
 Righteous Anger
o A person is angry and
seeks to address the
issue and restore
justice
- Inordinate desire for revenge
- Offends against charity
- Offends against justice
4. PRIDE
- Inordinate desire for one’s
excellence
- Pride is “complete” when he
refuses to subject his intellect
and will to God
- Pride is “incomplete” when he
simply thinks of himself too
highly
5. ENVY
- Sadness on account of goods
possessed by another which
are regarded as harmful
- Breeds hatred, gossip,
detraction and resentment
6. GLUTTONY
- Inordinate desire for food and
drink
- Interpreted as selfishness
Praepropere
Laute
Eating too soon
Eating too expensively
Nimis Eating too much
Ardenter Eating too eagerly
Studiose Eating too daintily
Forente Eating wildly
7. GREED/AVARICE
- Inordinate love of having
possessions or riches
- Preoccupied with having and
having more
- Greedy with material things,
- Greedy with time
- Greedy in relationships
“BABAWI AKO SA SECOND TERM!”
SSN 5: VIRTUES NEEDED TO 4. HUMILITY
COUNTER THE 7 CAPITAL SINS - Counter to pride
- Clears a path for holiness
VIRTUE - Poverty of spirit
o Be quick to recognize other
- Positive trait deemed to be over yourself
morally good o Thank God
- Valued as a foundation of o Be realistic
principle 5. KIDNESS/SOLICITUDE
- Counter to envy
VIRTUES THAT COUNTER THE - Compassionate and
SEVEN CAPITAL SINS charitable concern for others
SIN VIRTUE - Concern for the well-being of
Sloth Diligence others
Lust Chastity o Genuinely congratulate and
Anger Meekness encourage others to
Pride Humility accomplish good things
Envy Kindness o Refrain from thinking poorly
Gluttony Temperance about those who have more
Greed Generosity
skills than you in certain
areas
o Be conscious of the welfare
1. DILIGENCE/ZEAL of others
- Counter to sloth 6. TEMPERANCE
- Combat spiritual laziness - Counter to gluttony
- Should manifest appropriately - Centered on self-control and
zealous attitude towards living moderation
and sharing the Faith - Moderates the attraction and
- Puts love into action and desire for pleasure
strengthens the resolution to o Moderate your food and
progress in virtue and sanctity drink
2. CHASTITY o Avoid excess
- Counter to lust o Reflect on the areas of your
life that you have a difficult
- Embraces moral time practicing moderation
wholesomeness and purity in.
- Treats God’s gift of sexuality 7. GENEROSITY/LIBERALITY
with reverence and respect - Counter to greed
o Examine your closet
o Think about the media you
- Willingness to give freely and
consume without request for
o Reflect on your relationship
commendation
3. MEEKNESS/FORGIVENESS - Spirit of giving of one’s money
- Counter to anger
or possessions
- Focuses on patiently seeking o Give of your time to help
appropriate resolution to another
conflicts o Be exceptionally generous
- Moderates anger and controls with your almsgiving
resentment o Be generous in your family
o Find your peace verse
o Be quick to forgive
o Go to confession regularly

© KIA RODA ZIA TORNILLA 10 217 “BABAWI AKO SA SECOND TERM!”

SSN 7: SOCIAL SINS
SOCIAL SIN
- Situation that supports evil
- Negative moral attitude, an
act, failure to act
- Can marginalize particular
groups
At the bottom of every situation of sin
there is always the individual who sins.
ADDITIONAL SEVEN SOCIAL SINS
1. BIOETHICAL VIOLATIONS
- Disregards the dignity of
human life
- Performed in the medical
profession
- Take control of the life of a
person (make or unmake)
- Against what they have sworn
to protects(uphold human life)
- Try to be like God
o Abortion, artificial birth
control, euthanasia, in-
vitro fertilization
2. MORALLYDUBIOUS
EXPERIMENTS
- Disregards the dignity of
human life
- The doer tries to be like God
- Destroys the environment
- Using humans as subject for
the experiment
o Cloning, embryonic
stem cell research,
nuclear testing
3. DRUG ABUSE/SUBSTANCE
ABUSE
- We destroy our body which is
the temple of the Holy Spirit
- Excessive use of a drug to
escape from problems
- Leads to poor health and
mental issues
- Affects the peace of mind
© KIA RODA ZIA TORNILLA 10 217
4. POLLUTING THE
ENVIRONMENT
- We are called to be stewards
of our planet
- Contamination of the physical
and biological components of
the earth
- Environment cannot process
harmful by products of
humans
o Air Pollution
o Water Pollution
o Soil Pollution
o Noise Pollution
o Radioactive Pollution
o Thermal Pollution
o Light Pollution
o Visual Pollution
5. EXCESSIVE WEALTH
- Creates inequality among
people
- Deprives the majority from
authentic human development
- Tends to forget about the
welfare of other people
6. CREATING POVERTY
- Disregard for human rights
and the division of society
between the rich and the poor
- Using wealth to gain power
over others
- Creates social tension
between people or nations
7. CONTRIBUTING TO THE
WIDENING DIVIDE BETWEEN
AND THE POOR
- Creates unjust condition due
to the disparity in the
distribution of wealth and
resources
o Economic inequality
 Outsourcing of
labor
o Exploitation
 White slavery
o Corruption
“BABAWI AKO SA SECOND TERM!”
SSN 8: CHURCH TEACHING ON
SIN
SIN CAN BE DESCRIBED AS:
1. SPIRAL
- Enslaves us in a contagious
habit of vice that acts as a
virus
2. SICKNESS
- Affecting one’s relationship
3. ADDICTION
- Process which we become
powerless as it becomes
progressively more
compulsive and obsessive
These dimensions help us to have a
positive orientation toward a process of
healing and forgiveness
SOCIAL SIN
- Related to sin as addiction
and sickness
- Stresses complicity un evil
- Directly attack human rights
and basic freedom
TYPES OF SIN
1. Mortal sins
- Can lead to death, the loss of
true life and exclusion from
the kingdom of God
- They kill the over-all love
pattern of our relation to God
- Freely rejects God
- Must be confessed in the
sacrament of Penance
- Transgression of the moral
law in a serious matter
- Deprives the soul of its
supernatural life of sanctifying
grace
- Deserves eternal punishment
- Deliberate act of rebellion
against the infinite majesty of
God
© KIA RODA ZIA TORNILLA 10 217
2. Venial sins
- Excusable sins
- Does not involve the person’s
fundamental freedom
- Harm our relationship with
God and others
- Should not be taken lightly for
they offend God
- Against the law of God
- Can be remitted by prayer or
other good works
THE DEGREE OF SIN
1. GRAVITY OF THE MATTER
- Depth of the moral good
destroyed
- What was done? What values
were violated? (nature)
2. FULL KNOWLEDGE
- Not about simply knowing the
information
- Evaluative knowledge, a
personal grasp of the value
involved
- Acquired by personal
involvement and reflection
- Why did the person commit
the act? (intention)
3. FULL CONSENT
- Refers to the free involvement
of the person in the act
- How deep is the person
involved?
- Did s/he act freely?
(circumstances)
THREE ASPECTS OF A MORAL ACT
1. NATURE
- Overlook the person and
his/her subjective situation
2. INTENTION
- The person’s act neglects the
objective nature of the act
3. CIRCUMSTANCE
- Objective norms of right and
wrong
“BABAWI AKO SA SECOND TERM!”
SSN 11: LAW AND AUTHENTIC
FREEDOM
LAW
- At the heart of our becoming
more fully human
- You cannot achieve your goal
by just doing what you please
- There are rules to be followed
- Protects several basic values
 We need to deepen our
understanding and
appreciation of these moral
norms
 Just laws direct and protect
our authentic freedom as
individuals
 We are growing increasingly
aware of our freedom
SSN 12: CHARACTERISTICS OF
A JUST LAW
JUST LAW
- Protects and promotes the
true freedom of a community
and its individual members
- We are obliged to understand
obey these laws
CHARACTERISTICS
1. A just law is an ordinance of
reason
- A good law must be
reasonable
- A good law must be a product
of careful deliberation
- Should not be based on
emotions
2. A just law is properly
promulgated
- A good law must be clearly
communicated to all people
concerned
© KIA RODA ZIA TORNILLA 10 217
- We have the duty to know and
understand the laws that
affect us
3. A just law must be decreed by
competent authority
- Only persons with legitimate
authority have the power to
create and implement laws
4. A just law ought to be for the
sake of the common good
- A just law must promote the
respect for the dignity and
true freedom of each person
- A just law should foster the
social well-being and
authentic development of the
community itself
- A just law should promote true
and lasting peace w/in society
UNJUST LAWS
- Some laws violate human
rights rather than uphold basic
human values
- Not everything legal is morally
good
It is important to distinguish
morality of an act from its legality
- An act is considered legal if it
does not contradict any law.
- An act is considered morally
good if its nature, intention
and circumstances are all
positively good for the person
as person-in-community.
SSN 13: DIFFERENT LAWS AND
ITS GOALS
Laws are important in forming our
conscience in guiding us to understand
what is authentically morally good.
“BABAWI AKO SA SECOND TERM!”
LAWS MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS:
1. NATURAL LAW
- Universal moral law grounded
on our human nature
- Set of rights that arise from
our basic dignity
- The law of our human nature
- Not written down in a book
o The Golden Rule
o Maintain your health
and well-being
o Contracts must be
honored
2. DIVINE LAW
- Has two sources
o Old Testament
 God gave his
people the 10
Commandments
o New Testament
 God’s law is a
law of love, of
true freedom
and of grace
3. CHURCH LAW
- Expression of Christ’s law of
love in the particular
circumstance of Christian
living
o You shall confess your
sins once a year
4. CIVIL LAW
- Human-made decrees that
are binding to all citizens in
the nation

© KIA RODA ZIA TORNILLA 10 217 “BABAWI AKO SA SECOND TERM!”