Yarmouk Dehan

1
D r m M©
evsjv‡`k ‡mbvevwnbxi
mKj K¨vfvjwi ‡mbvm`m¨‡ì
“To plan to reserve cavalry for the finish of the battle,

is to have no conception of the power of combined
infantry and cavalry charges, either for attack or for
defense.”
―Napoleon Bonaparte
2
m~wPcÎ
Aa¨vq GK/†Rbv‡ij Lvwj` web Iqvwj‡ì msw¶ß Rxebx
Aa¨vq `yB/BqvigyK hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU
Aa¨vq wZb/evBRv›UvBb cÖ¯ÍywZ
Aa¨vq Pvi/wcwQ‡q Avmvi †mB hyMvšÍKvix wm×vš—
Aa¨vq cuvP/evBRv›UvBb‡ì Av‡cvl c«¯—ve
Aa¨vq Qq/BqvigyK iYv½‡b evBRv›UvBb ebvg gymjgvb ‡mbvevwnbx
Aa¨vq mvZ/cÖ_g w`‡bi hy× : gyevwiRyb‡ì w`b
Aa¨vq AvU/wØZxq w`‡bi hy× : c«wZ‡iva hy‡× AwØZxq ‡mbvcwZ Lvwj`
Aa¨vq bq/Z…Zxq w`‡bi hy× : K¨vfvjwi ‡Rbv‡ij Lvwj‡ì iY‰bcyY¨
Aa¨vq `k/PZy_© w`‡bi hy× : `¨ e¨v‡Uj Ae j÷ AvBR
Aa¨vq GMv‡iv/cÂg I lô w`‡bi hy× : ‡hw`b evBRv›UvBb m~h© A¯—wgZ

nj
Dcmsnvi
3
4
Aa¨vq GK
†Rbv‡ij Lvwj` web Iqvwj‡ì msw¶ß Rxebx
Lvwj` web Iqvwj‡ì bv‡gi K¨vwjMÖvwdK Dc¯’vcbv
nRiZ Avey myjvqgvb Lvwj` Be‡b Avj Iqvwj` Be‡b Avj gywNivn (iv.) 1
†QvU-eo cÖvq kLv‡bK hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡iI AvRxeb AcivwRZ _vKvq
BwZnvmwe‡ìv Lvwj` web Iqvwj`‡K mgi-BwZnv‡mi Ab¨Zg †miv
†mbvcwZ e‡j A‡bK Av‡MB †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb| ZvQvov A‡c¶vK…Z †QvU
†mbv`j wb‡qI AcÖwZ‡iva¨ me K¨vfvjwi2 iY‡KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g cÖwZc‡¶i
1. nRiZ Avey myjvqgvb Lvwj` Be‡b Avj Iqvwj` Be‡b Avj gywNivn (iv.) †K Avi‡ei
†jv‡Kiv Lvwj`, Lvwj` web Iqvwj` A_ev Avey myjvqgvb ev myjvqgv‡bi wcZv bv‡g
WvKZ (Lvwj‡ì eo †Q‡ji bvg wQj myjvqgvb)| covi myweav‡_© AvgivI GB eB‡q
ïay gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Qvov evwK me PwiÎ‡KB Zv‡ì †QvU bv‡gB coe|
2. †hme †hv×v †Nvovi wc‡V P‡o hy× K‡i Zv‡ì evwnbx‡K K¨vfvjwi e‡j| K¨vfvjwi
†hv×v‡ì K¨vfvjwi‡gb, nm©‡gb, W«v¸b, U«ycvi, muv‡Rvqv, Ak¦v‡ivnx A_ev †NvomIqvi
e‡jI WvKv nq| Z‡e DU wKsev nvwZi wc‡V P‡o hy× Kiv †hv×v‡ì mvaviYZ
K¨vfvjwi ejv nq bv| †Nvovi wc‡V Pov K¨vfvjwi †hv×viv c`vwZK †hv×v‡ì Zyjbvq
DuPy‡Z _vKvq c`vwZK‡ì †P‡q †ewk `~i ch©š— †`L‡Z †cZ Ges †Nvovi MwZ‡K
Kv‡R jvwM‡q Ici †_‡K AvNv‡Zi myweavI †cZ| Zv Qvov †Nvovi MwZi myweav wb‡q
`ª“Znvgjv K‡i Avevi `ª“Zm‡i †h‡ZI cviZ| d‡j `ª“Z¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i
w¶cÖZvi m‡½ K¨vfvjwi evwnbx AvµgY K‡i c`vwZK kÎæ‡ì Pg‡K w`‡q hy‡× nvwi‡q
w`Z| AvaywbK hy×‡¶‡Î †Nvovi cwie‡Z© U¨vsK GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ eëüZ nq|
5
wekvj me kÎyevwnbx‡K evievi civ¯— K‡i wZwb me©Kv‡ji †miv
K¨vfvjwi †Rbv‡ij wn‡m‡eI ¯^xK…Z|
evBRv›UvBb †ivgvb kvmbvg‡j gnvbex nRiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) 629
mv‡j evBRv›UvBb3 m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qvm‡K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ w`‡q wPwV
wjL‡jb| gnvbex (mv.)-i †mB `vIqv‡Zi wPwV enbKvix `~Z †jfv‡›Ui 4
gyZv MÖv‡gi KvQvKvwQ †cŠuQv‡j Nvmvwb` Avi‡eiv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i| `~Z -
nZ¨v me mgqB AMÖnY‡hvM¨| AZGe gnvbex (mv.) gyZvevmx
evBRv›UvBb‡ì wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb|
1m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qv‡mi Avg‡ji evBRv›UvBb gy`ªv
hvwq` web nvwihvni †bZ…‡Z¡ wZb nvRvi ˆmb¨ wb‡q gymjgvb evwnbx
gyZv Awfhv‡b iIbv w`‡q‡Q †R‡b m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qvm `k nvRvi ˆm‡bï
GK wekvj evwnbx wb‡q gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× GwM‡q G‡jb| ïi“ n‡jv
Amg GK hy×| GB hy‡× Lvwj` hy× Ki‡Z Ki‡Z BwZg‡a¨ bqwU Zievwi
†f‡O †d‡j `kgwU wb‡q jowQ‡jb| wKš‘ msL¨vq evBRv›UvBbiv A‡bK
†ewk nIqvq gymjgv‡biv †Kv‡bvg‡ZB Zv‡ì m‡½ Avi Kzwj‡q DV‡Z
cviwQ‡jb bv| hy× Ki‡Z Ki‡Z hvwq` web nvwihvn kwn` n‡j Rvdi web
Avey Zvwje gymjgvb †mbvcwZi `vwqZ¡ wb‡jb| hy× Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wZwbI
3. cÖvPxb †ivgvb mv¤ªvR¨ hLb AvKv‡i wekvj n‡q c‡o, ZLb mv¤ªvR¨ kvm‡bi myweav‡_©
`y‡Uv ivRavbx ¯’vcb Kiv nq| GKwU †iv‡g, Av‡iKwU Zyi‡¯‹i Kb÷vw›U‡bvc‡j|
Kb÷vw›U‡bvcj †_‡K GKRb m¤ªvU c~e© BD‡ivc Avi cÖvP¨ kvmb Ki‡Zb| GB
mv¤ªvR¨‡K ejv n‡Zv evBRv›UvBb †ivgvb ev ïay evBRv›UvBb mv¤ªvR¨|
4. evBRv›UvBb †ivgvb kvmbvg‡j f~ga¨mvM‡ii c~e© cv‡k Aew¯’Z wdwjw¯Íb, Bmiv‡qj,
RW©vb, †jevbb, wmwiqv Ges Zyi‡¯‹i wKQy Ask‡K GK‡Î †jfv›U WvKv n‡Zv|
6
kwn` n‡j Avãyj vn web ivIqvnv KgvÛ5 wb‡Ri Kuv‡a Zy‡j †bb| wKš‘
wZwbI kvnv`ZeiY Kivi ci hy×iZ gymjgvb †hv×viv Lvwj‡ì nv‡Z
†mbvcwZZ¡ mu‡c †`b|
`vwqZ¡ cvIqvi ci Lvwj` my‡KŠk‡j gymjgvb evwnbx‡K
evBRv›UvBb‡ì _vev †_‡K mwi‡q Av‡bb| wZwb AZ¨š— cÖÁvi m‡½ hy×
cwiPvjbv K‡i wbwðZ civRq †_‡K gymjgvb evwnbx‡K i¶v K‡ib Ges
Zv‡ì wbivc‡` gw`bvq wdwi‡q Av‡bb| Lvwj‡ì GB K…wZ‡Z¡i K_v
†kvbvi ci gnvbex (mv.) ej‡jb, ÒAe‡k‡l GKRb ÔmvBdyj vnÕ6 hy‡×i
nvj a‡i‡Q|Ó †mB †_‡K Lvwj‡ì bvg n‡q †Mj ÔmvBdyj vn Avj
gvmjyj|Õ
Avey myjvqgvb Lvwj` Be‡b Avj Iqvwj` Be‡b Avj gywNivn 592
mv‡j g°vi KzivBk es‡ki eby gvLRyg †Mv‡Î Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv
Iqvwj` Be‡b Avj gywNivn wQ‡jb eby gvLRyg †Mv‡Îi cÖavb| Lvwjìv
wQ‡jb cuvP fvB Avi `yB †evb| R‡b¥i ciciB Avie cÖ_v Abyhvqx Zv‡K
GK †e`yBb `ya-gv‡qi †Kv‡j Zy‡j †Ìqv nq| Gici cuvP wK Qq eQi
eq‡m wZwb g°vq wd‡i Av‡mb| ˆkke †_‡KB wZwb wQ‡jb ewjô Mo‡bi
Avi Am¤¢e Wvbwc‡U| HwZn¨MZfv‡eB †KvivBk‡ì †miv †hv×v Avi
KgvÛviiv mevB wQ‡jb eby gvLRyg †Mv‡Îi| ZvB †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB wZwb
†Nvovq Pov I Zievwi, wZi, ek©v Avi ejøg Pvjv‡bv wkL‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|
hwÌ ejøgB wQj Zvi wcÖq A¯¿; wKš‘ Ab¨ me A‡¯¿B wZwb wQ‡jb mgvb
cvi`k©x| G Qvov wZwb wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb Avi‡ei †miv Kzw¯ÍwMi‡ì GKRb
Ges GKevi gjøhy‡× Dgi web LvËve‡K7 AvQ‡o †d‡j Zvi cv †f‡O
w`‡qwQ‡jb|
Lvwj‡ì evev Avj Iqvwj` wQ‡jb Bmjv‡gi †Nvi we‡ivax| gnvbex
(mv.) gw`bvq wnRiZ Kivi ci †_‡K g°vweR‡qi AvM ch©šÍ g°vi
KyivBk‡ì m‡½ gw`bvevmxi hy× †j‡MB wQj| e`‡ii hy× wQj g°vevmxi
m‡½ gw`bvevmxi cÖ_g hy×| wKš‘ Lvwj` GB hy‡×i mgq Zv‡ì eëmvwqK
Kv‡djvi m‡½ wmwiqvq wQ‡jb| e`‡ii hy‡× Lvwj‡ì fvB Iqvwj` web
5. evwnbx cwiPvjbv Ges †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqvi `vwqZ¡|

6. Avjøvn&i Zievwi|
7. Dgi web LvËve m¤ú‡K© Lvwj‡ì fvM‡b wQ‡jb|
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Iqvwj` gymjgvb‡ì nv‡Z ew›` nb| hy×‡k‡l Lvwj` Zvi eo fvB nvkvg
web Iqvwj`‡K wb‡q gw`bv hvb gyw³cY w`‡q Iqvwj`‡K Qvwo‡q Avb‡Z|
Pvi nvRvi wìnvg gyw³cY w`‡q wZwb Iqvwj`‡K Qvwo‡q Av‡bb| wKš‘
†divi c‡_ Iqvwj` cvwj‡q gw`bvq wd‡i hvb Ges Bmjvg ag© MÖnY
K‡ib|
2Dûì hy‡×
Gici Lvwj` Dû` Ges L›`‡Ki hy‡× †KvivBk‡ì n‡q gymjgvb‡ì

wei“‡× j‡ob| 628 mv‡j û`vBweqvi mwÜi gva¨‡g 10 eQ‡ii Rb¨
g°v Avi gw`bvevmxi †fZi kvwšÍ †b‡g Av‡m| GiB g‡a¨ Iqvwj` gw`bv
†_‡K wPwVi gva¨‡g Lvwj`‡K evievi Bmjvg ag© MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ `vIqvZ
w`‡Z _v‡Kb| GKch©v‡q Lvwj` gw`bv wM‡q Bmjvg ag© MÖn‡Yi wm×vš—
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†bb Ges Zvi G wm×v‡š—i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Zvi evjëÜy BwKwigvn Ges
†KvivBk †bZv Avey mywdqvb w¶ßfv‡e Zv‡K weiZ Kivi †Póv K‡ib|
wKš‘ 31 †g 629 mv‡j Lvwj` gw`bv Mgb K‡ib Ges Bmjvg ag© MÖnY
K‡ib| Bmjvg ag© MÖn‡Yi ci wZwb GKRb †hv×v wn‡m‡e gnvbex (mv.)-
i cÖZ¨¶ wb‡`©kbvq wewfbœ Awfhv‡b Ask †bb|
ZLb cÖvq AvieRy‡oB bvbvb †è‡èxi g~wZ© Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q wQj| Avi
cÖvPxb Avieevmx Gme †è‡èxi g~wZ© c~Rv KiZ| g°vi Kv‡QB wQj Avj
D¾vi g~wZ© I gw›ì| Avj D¾v‡K wMÖK †cŠivwYK †èx Av‡d«vw`wZ 9 i
Avie¨ ms¯‹iY ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| †KvivBkiv G‡K wbivcËvi †èx wn‡m‡e
c~Rv KiZ| g°v weR‡qi ci gnvbex (mv.) g°v Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avie
GjvKv †_‡K g~wZ© AcmviY ïi“ K‡ib| GiB avivevwnKZvq 630
mv‡ji igRvb gv‡m Zvi wb‡`©‡k Lvwj` Avj D¾vi g~wZ© aŸsm Ki‡Z
bvLjvn hvb|
g~wZ© aŸsm K‡i wd‡i Avmvi ci gnvbex (mv.) Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb g~wZ©
aŸs‡mi mgq Lvwj` A¯^vfvweK wKQy †`‡L‡Qb wK bv| DË‡i Lvwj` hLb
ÔbvÕ ej‡jb, ZLb gnvbex (mv.) ej‡jb †h Lvwj` †h g~wZ©wU †f‡O G‡m‡Q
Zv Avj D¾vi Avmj g~wZ© bv| jw¾Z Lvwj` cybivq bvLjvn wM‡q Avmj
Avj D¾vi g~wZ© Lyu‡R †ei K‡ib| Lvwj‡ì Avmvi msev` †c‡q gw›`‡ii
cÖavb cy‡ivwnZ Avj D¾vi g~wZ©i Mjvq GKwU Zievwi Sywj‡q w`‡q
cvwj‡q hvb|8 Lvwj` Avj D¾vi g~wZ© fvOv ïi“ Ki‡Z †h‡ZB bMœ GK
†mev`vmx AcÖK…wZ‡¯’i g‡Zv Lvwj‡ì c_‡iva K‡i ùvovq Ges
Bw_Iwcqvb †mB my›ìx Zv‡K cÖjyä Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ Lvwj` wbwØ©avq
GK †Kv‡c †mB bvix‡K nZ¨v K‡i Avj D¾vi g~wZ© aŸsm K‡i wd‡i
Av‡mb|
Gici Lvwj` hvb eby Rvwagvn †Mv‡Îi Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ
wb‡q| wKš‘ Zviv Bmjvg Keyj Ki‡Z m¤§Z bv nIqvq wZwb Zv‡ì ew›`
K‡i wbh©vZb Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| NUbv ï‡b gnvbex (mv.) Lvwj‡ì Eci
8. m¤¢eZ cy‡ivwn‡Zi aviYv wQj †h †mB Zievwi eënvi K‡i AwšÍg gyn~‡Z© Avj D¾v
wbR g~wZ©‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
9. Av‡d«vw`wZ ev A¨v‡d«vWvBwU (Aphrodite) wM«K cyiv‡Yi ‡c«g, Avb›`, Av‡eM Ges
‡mŠ›`‡hi« ‡èx| ‡ivgvb cyiv‡Y ‡èx Av‡d«vw`wZ ‡fbvm bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
9
AZ¨š— iæó nb Ges Lvwj`‡K fr©mbv K‡i ¶wZMÖ¯Í e¨w³‡ì ¶wZc~iY
wbwðZ K‡ib| c‡i Lvwj` evBRv›UvBb‡ì wei“‡× gyZvi hy‡× Mgb
K‡ib Ges hy‡×i g‡a¨B †mbvcwZZ¡ †c‡q mdjfv‡e Awfhvb cwiPvjbvi
Rb¨ gnvbex (mv.)-i KvQ †_‡K ÔmvBdyj vnÕ Dcvwa jvf K‡ib| c‡ii
eQi 630 mv‡j KzivBk‡ì wei“‡× g°vweRq Awfhv‡b Lvwj` Pvi
gymjgvb evwnbxi GKwUi †mbvcwZ wn‡m‡e hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡ib| †m-
eQ‡iB wZwb †e`yBb‡ì wei“‡× ûbvB‡bi hy‡× Ges ZvBd Ae‡iva
Awfhv‡b Ask †bb| Gici wZwb evBRv›UvBb‡ì AvMÖvmb †VKv‡Z
gnvbex (mv.)-i †bZ…‡Z¡ ZveyK Awfhv‡b Ask †bb| wKš‘ gymjgvb evwnbx
ZveyK †cŠuQv‡bvi Av‡MB evBRv›UvBbiv ZveyK Z¨vM K‡i wd‡i hvIqvq
gnvbex (mv.) Lvwj`‡K Pvi kZ ˆmb¨mn `ygv Awfhv‡b cvVvb|
`ygvZyj Rv›`v‡ji ivRKzgvi hy‡× civwRZ n‡q Zvi Bûw` Avi wLªóvb
cÖRv‡ì wb‡q Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ Keyj K‡iwQ‡jb| 631 mv‡ji GwcÖj
gv‡m Lvwj` `ygvZyj Rv›`v‡j cybivq Awfhvb Pvjvb Ges Gevi mc©‡èZv
Iqv‡ì g~wZ© aŸsm K‡ib| Gici 631 mv‡j wZwb gnvbex (mv.)-Gi
we`vq n‡R †hvM †`b Ges Kw_Z Av‡Q †h n‡Ri mgq wZwb gnvbex
(mv.)-i wKQy Pyj msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb; hv Zv‡K hy‡× Aciv‡Rq K‡iwQj|
Kw_Z Av‡Q †h Lvwj` gnvbex (mv.)-i †mB Pyj GKwU jvj Uzwc‡Z †mjvB
Kwi‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges hy×‡¶‡Î me mgq IB Uzwc gv_vq w`‡q hy×
Ki‡Zb|
632 mv‡j gnvbex (mv.)-i g„Zzï ci A‡bK kw³kvjx Avie †MvÎ
gymjgvb †LjvdZ kvm‡bi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
d‡j ïi“ nq wiÏvn hy×| GB hy‡× Lwjdv Avey eKi Lvwj`‡K †mbvcwZ
wb‡qvM Ki‡j wZwb ga¨-Avi‡e Awfhvb cwiPvjbv ïi“ K‡ib| eyRvLv
Avi Nvgivi hy‡× wZwb ¯^‡NvwlZ bex Zy‡jBnvi evwnbx‡K civ¯— K‡ib|
c‡i Zy‡jBnv †¯^”Qvq Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡i Avey eK‡ii Kv‡Q ¶gvwf¶v
PvB‡j Avey eKi Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i †`b| AviI c‡i mvmvwb`‡ì wei“‡×
weL¨vZ wbnvIqv‡›ì hy‡× Zy‡jBnv kvnv`ZeiY K‡ib| Gici Lvwj`
bvµv Ges Rvdv‡ii hy‡× eby mvwjg †Mv‡Îi †bÎx mvjgvi †mbvevwnbx‡K
civ¯— K‡ib Ges hy×‡¶‡Î mvjgv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| G hy‡×i ci gw`bvi
Avkcv‡ki Ab¨vb¨ †MvÎ †Ljvd‡Zi ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡jI gvwjK web
10
Avey byqvivn-Gi eby Bqviey †MvÎ gymjgvb n‡qI †LjvdZ‡K A¯^xKvi
Kij|
3wiÏvn hy‡× Lvwj`
gvwjK mivmwi Lvwj‡ì m‡½ †Kv‡bv hy‡× bv Rwo‡q Av‡iK ¯^‡NvwlZ

bex mv¾vni m‡½ nvZ †gjvb| wKš‘ Lvwj` `ªæZB Zv‡K †MÖßvi Ki‡Z
mg_© nb| Lvwj` ivó«‡`ªv‡ni Awf‡hv‡M gvwjK‡K nZ¨v K‡ib Ges Zvi ¯¿x
jvqjv‡K we‡q K‡ib| Dgi web LvËve Lvwj‡ì Ggb AvPi‡Yi †Nvi
we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib Lvwj`-Dg‡ii g‡bvgvwj‡bï
A‡bK Kvi‡Yi †fZi G NUbvwU Ab¨Zg| c‡i 632 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i
Bqvgvgvi hy‡× Av‡iK ¯^‡NvwlZ bex gymvBwjgvni evwnbx‡K civ¯— Kivi
ga¨ w`‡q wiÏvn hy‡×i cwimgvwß nq|
wiÏvn hy‡×i ci Lwjdv Avey eKi †LjvdZ‡K mymsnZ Avi
m¤cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z evBRv›UvBb Avi cvwm©qvb‡ì wei“‡× Awfhvb
cwiPvjbv Kivi wm×vš— †bb| d‡j AvVvi nvRvi ˆmb¨ wb‡q Lvwj`
cvwm©qvb Awfhvb ïi“ K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb mvjvwmj, BD‡d«wZm,
IqvjvRv Avi DjøvB‡mi hy‡× Rqx n‡q 633 mv‡ji †g gv‡mi †fZi
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cvwm©qvb‡ì nvZ †_‡K †jvqvi †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv 1 `Lj K‡i †bb| Gici
wZwb Avbevi kni Ae‡iva K‡ib Ges RyjvB‡qi †kl mßvn bvMv` AvBb
Avj Zvgi ch©šÍ `Lj K‡i †bb|
G ch©v‡q `ygvZyj Rv›`v‡j we‡`ªvnxiv AvqvR web Nvbv‡gi †QvÆ
gymjgvb evwnbx‡K wN‡i †d‡j‡Q †R‡b `ygvZyj Rv›`v‡j Qy‡U wM‡q Zv‡ì
D×vi K‡ib| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb cweÎ nReªZ cvj‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ g°v Mgb
K‡ib Ges †divi c‡_ wekvj GK cvwm©qvb evwnbx R‡ov nIqvi msev`
†c‡jb| wekvj GB †mbvevwnbx PviwU M¨vwim‡b (†mbvQvDwb, †mbvwbevm
A_ev `yM©) R‡ov n‡qwQj| Lvwj` gyRvBqvn, mvwbC I RygvB‡ji c„_K
hy‡× GB evwnbx‡K G‡K G‡K ch©y`¯Í K‡ib|
Gevi Lvwj` cvwm©qvb ivRavbx `L‡ji cwiKíbv Ki‡jb| wKš‘
cvwm©qvb ivRavbx `L‡ji Av‡M wdivR Avi Kv‡`wkqvni M¨vwimb `Lj
Kiv Riæwi| AZGe 633 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i wdiv‡Ri hy‡× wZwb wdivR
kni `Lj K‡i Gevi Kv‡`wkqvni c‡_ iIbv †`b| cw_g‡a¨B wZwb
evBRv›UvBb‡ì wei“‡× wmwiqvb iYv½‡bi KgvÛvi wn‡m‡e †hvM`v‡bi
wb‡`©k cvb Ges cvwm©qvb iYv½b Z¨vM K‡i wmwiqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib|
১০ মেস োপসেমেযো বর্তেোন ইরোসের েোইমি বো দজলো ও ইউসেটে বো ম োরোর্ নদী দুটের েধ্যবর্ী অঞ্চসল
গস়ে উসেমিল। অধ্ুনো ইরোে, ম মরযোর উত্তরোাংশ, র্ু রসের উত্তরোাংশ এবাং ইরোসনর খুসেস্তোন প্রসদসশর অঞ্চল
গুসলোই প্রোচীন েোসল মেস োপসেমেযোর অন্তগর্ত মিল বসল েসন েরো হয । মেস োপসেমেয ভ্যর্ো পৃমিবীর
প্রোচীনর্ে ভ্যর্োর অনযর্ে। মিস্টপূব ত৩৫০০ হসর্ মিস্টপূব ত৩০০০ অসের েসধ্য মেস োপসেমেযোয অমর্
উন্নর্ এে ভ্যর্োর উসেষ ঘসেমিল। ভ্যর্োর আঁর্ু়েঘর মহস সব পমরমচর্ এই অঞ্চল মেশরীয ভ্যর্োর মিসে
অসনেেোই মভ্ন্ন মিল এবাং বমহিঃশর্র ুসদর মিসে খুব এেেো ুরমির্ মিলনো বসল বোরবোর এর উপর আক্রেণ
চলসর্ িোসে এবাং পরবর্ীসর্ এখোন মিসেই মরোঞ্জ েুসগ আক্কোদীয, বযমবলনীয , আম রীয ও মলৌহ েুসগ নবয-
আম রীয এবাং নবয-বযোমবলনীয ভ্যর্ো গস়ে উসে। মিষ্টপূব ত১৫০ োসলর মদসে মেস োপসেমেযো পোম যোনসদর
ত
মনযন্ত্রসণই মিল মেন্তু পসর এই ভ্ূ খসের আমধ্পত্ত মনসয মরোেোনসদর োসি েুদ্ধ হয এবাং মরোেোনরো এই অঞ্চল
২৫০ বিসরর মবমশ শো ন েরসর্ পোসর মন। । মির্ীয শর্সের শুুর মদসে পোম যোনরো
ত এই অঞ্চসলর মনযন্ত্রণ
মনসয মনয এবাং প্তে শর্োেী পেন্ত

ত এই অঞ্চল র্োসদর শো সনই িোসে, এরপর েু মলে শো নোেল শুু হয ।
েু মলে মখলো র্ শো সন এই অঞ্চল পরবর্ীসর্ ইরোে নোসে পমরমচমর্ লোভ্ েসর ।
12
4cvim¨ Awfhv‡b Lvwj`
634 mv‡ji Ryb bvMv` Lvwj` wmwiqvb iYv½‡b †hvM †`b| c‡_
KvivZvBb Avi nvIqvwi‡bi hy‡× `y‡Uv evBRv›UvBb giæ`yM© `Lj K‡ib|
Gici wZwb emivi w`‡K G‡Mv‡Z _v‡Kb, †hLv‡b Avey Devq`vi gymjgvb
evwnbx emiv Ae‡iva K‡i Av‡Qb| 634 mv‡ji ga¨ RyjvB‡q emivi
cZ‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Nvmvwb` es‡ki cZb N‡U| 30 RyjvB Lvwj`
AvRbv`vB‡bi hy‡× evBRv›UvBb‡ì civwRZ K‡ib Ges †jfv›URy‡o
evBRv›UvBb AvwacZ¨‡K k³ P¨v‡jÄ Qy‡o †`b|
Gevi Lvwj` `v‡g¯‹ `L‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ AMÖmi n‡j `v‡g‡¯‹i Mfb©i
_gvm11 Zv‡K cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z GwM‡q Av‡mb| _gv‡mi cÖwZ‡iva ¸uwo‡q
w`‡q 634 mv‡ji 20 AvM÷ Lvwj‡ì gymjgvb evwnbx `v‡g¯‹ Ae‡iva
K‡i Ges 30 w`‡bi gv_vq `v‡g¯‹ `Lj K‡i †bq| `v‡g¯‹ Ae‡iva
PjvKv‡jB Lwjdv Avey eKi gviv hvb Ges Dgi web LvËve Lwjdv wn‡m‡e
11. _gvm wQ‡jb m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qv‡mi †g‡qi RvgvB|
13
`vwqZ¡ †bb| Lwjdv n‡qB Dgi Lvwj`‡K wmwiqvb iYv½‡bi KgvÛ †_‡K
AcmviY K‡i Avey Devq`v‡K †mbvcwZ g‡bvbxZ K‡ib|
ga¨-wmwiqv gymjgvb‡ì `L‡j Avmvi ci DËi wmwiqvi m‡½
c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi moK †hvMv‡hvM eÜ n‡q †Mj| Avey Devq`v Zvi
†mbvevwnbx‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM K‡i Pviw`‡K Awfhvb Pvjv‡Z ïi“
Ki‡jb| gymjgvb‡ì Ggb AMÖvwfhvb Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j `ªæZB GKmgq
Zviv †MvUv evBRv›UvBb mv¤ªv‡Rï Rb¨B ûgwK n‡q ùvov‡e †R‡b m¤ªvU
†nivwK¬qvm wekvj evBRv›UvBb evwnbx R‡ov K‡i gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡K
Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ n‡jb| Avey Devq`v Lvwj`‡K Zvi K¨vfvjwi
KgvÛvi Ges cÖavb Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡jb| Lvwj‡ì civg‡k©
636 mv‡ji 20 AvM÷ BqvigyK cÖvšÍ‡i gymjgvb evwnbx evBRv›UvBb
evwnbx‡K †kvPbxqfv‡e civ¯— K‡i|
5wmwiqv Awfhv‡b Lvwj`
14
Bqvigy‡L evBRv›UvBb‡ì civ¯— Kivi ci gymjgvb evwnbx †jfv‡›U
evBRv›UvBb‡ì †kl k³ NuvwU †RiæRv‡jg Ae‡iva K‡i| `xN© Pvi gvm
Ae‡iv‡ai ci 637 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j Lwjdv Dg‡ii Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †RiæRv‡jg
AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i| †RiæRv‡jg cZ‡bi ci Avey Devq`v Avi Lvwj` DËi
wmwiqv Awfhv‡b bvg‡jb| c‡_ nvwR‡ii hy‡× evBRv›UvBb‡ì civ¯—
K‡i 637 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡ii †fZi Av‡j‡àv ch©šÍ `L‡j wb‡q †bb|
Gici Avqib weª‡Ri hy‡× evBRv›UvBb‡ì †di civwRZ K‡i Zviv
evBRv›UvBb ivRavbx Gw›UIL Ae‡iva K‡ib Ges 30 A‡±vei Gw›UI‡Li
cZb nq|
Gici Lvwj` AviI DË‡i G‡Mv‡Z _v‡Kb| wZwb mdj Awfhv‡bi
gva¨‡g RvwRiv, G‡Wmv, Avwg`v, gvjvwUqv, Av‡g©wbqv Avi ga¨ AvbvZwjqv
ch©šÍ `Lj K‡i †bb| GgZve¯’vq Lwjdv Dgi gymjgvb evwnbx‡ì
AMÖvwfhvb eÜ K‡i BwZg‡a¨ `Lj Kiv GjvKvq cÖkvmwbK eë¯’vcbv
†Rvi`v‡i g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqvi wb‡`©k †`b| d‡j AvbvZwjqv Avi Av‡g©wbqv
Awfhv‡bi gva¨‡g Lvwj‡ì eY©vX¨ mvgwiK Rxe‡bi mgvwß N‡U|
6BD‡iv‡ci w`‡K avegvb Lvwj`
G‡gmv _vKvKv‡j GKevi Lvwj` GK we‡kl cvbxq Øviv †Mvmj K‡ib

hv‡Z A¨vj‡Kvnj †gkv‡bv wQj| ¸ßP‡ii gva¨‡g Lwjdv Dgi welqwU
15
Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Ges Lvwj‡ì Kv‡Q G NUbvi wjwLZ e¨vL¨v Pvb| Bmjv‡g
A¨vj‡Kvnj cv‡b wb‡lavÁv Av‡Q wKš‘ †Mvm‡ji e¨vcv‡i wKQy ejv †bB
g‡g© e¨vL¨v †`b Lvwj`; Ges Lwjdv Dgi Zv †g‡b †bb|
Avevi 638 mv‡j gvivm `L‡ji ci weL¨vZ Kwe AvmIqvm Lvwj‡ì
¸YKxZ©b K‡i GK KweZv wj‡L Lvwj‡ì gb Rq K‡i †bb| Lywk n‡q
Lvwj` Zv‡K 10 nvRvi wìnvg Dcnvi †`b| Lwjdv Dgi G NUbv Rvb‡Z
†c‡i Avey Devq`v‡K h_vh_ eë¯’v †bIqvi wb‡`©k †`b| KviY Lvwj`
hw` miKvwi †KvlvMvi †_‡K GB A_© w`‡q _v‡Kb, Z‡e Zv wQj †LqvbZ|
Avi hw` wbR m¤ú` †_‡K Zv w`‡q _v‡Kb Zv n‡j wZwb Ace¨qx| wKš‘
Avey Devq`v wb‡RB Lvwj‡ì fxlY f³ wQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb GB AwcÖq
KvRwU Ki‡Z AcviMZv cÖKvk Ki‡j Ae‡k‡l wejvj Be‡b wievn
Lvwj`‡K G‡gmv †W‡K cvVvb Ges H A‡_©i Drm Rvb‡Z Pvb| Lvwj` H
A_© Zvi wb‡Ri e‡j `vwe Ki‡j AwgZe¨wqZvi Awf‡hv‡M Lwjdv Dg‡ii
wb‡`©‡k Zv‡K gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx †_‡K eiLv¯Í K‡ib|
eiLv¯Í nIqvi ci Lvwj` Zvi †gvevBj Mv‡W©i KvQ †_‡K we`vq wb‡q
gw`bv wd‡i hvb Ges Lwjdv Dg‡ii ìev‡i nvwRi n‡q Lwjdv Dg‡ii
Ggb wm×v‡š—iKviY Rvb‡Z Pvb| Lvwj‡ì wei“‡× Lwjdv Dgi Zvi
Ae¯’vb Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡jb †h gymjgv‡biv fve‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q †h
Lvwj`‡K Qvov gymjgvb‡ì c‡¶ hy‡× †RZv Am¤¢e, hv AMÖnY‡hvM¨|
Lvwj` Lwjdv Dg‡ii GB Avk¼v‡K †g‡b wb‡jb Ges G‡gmv wd‡i wM‡q
Aemi Rxebhvcb ïi“ Ki‡jb| 642 mv‡ji nR †k‡l Lwjdv Dgi
Amgvß cvwm©qvb Awfhvb cybivq ïi“ Kivi cwiKíbv K‡ib Ges
Lvwj`‡K †m-Awfhv‡bi †mbvcwZ wn‡m‡e cybwb©‡qv‡Mi K_v wPšÍv K‡ib|
wKš‘ gw`bv †cŠuQv‡ZB wZwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h Lvwj` web Iqvwj` Avi
†bB|
Lvwj` hy×‡¶‡Î kvnv`Zei‡Yi Rb¨ D`MÖxe wQ‡jb| wZwb ej‡Zb,
ÒAvwg GZ D`&MÖxe n‡q hy×‡¶‡Î kvnv`ZeiY Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ †h Avgvi
kix‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv RvqMv †bB †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv AuvPo ev ¶‡Zi `vM †bB|
A_P AvR Avwg GKUv e„× D‡Ui g‡Zv weQvbvq ï‡q gi‡Z e‡mwQ|Ó
DË‡i Lvwj‡ì ¯¿x ej‡Zb, ÒAvcwb Avjøvni Zievwi, Avi Avjøvni
16
Zievwi wK KL‡bv hy×‡¶‡Î fvO‡Z cv‡i? Avcbvi wbqwZ kwn` nIqvi
bq, Avcbvi wbqwZ Aciv‡Rq n‡q gievi|Ó
7Lvwj` web Iqvwj` gmwR`, wmwiqv
Lwjdv Dgi Kv‡iv g„Zzï ci †mB g„‡Zi Rb¨ wejvc Kiv cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv
Ges G e¨vcv‡i wZwb Kov wb‡lavÁvI Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Lvwj‡ì
g„Zzï ci eby gLRy‡gi bvixiv hLb gvwU‡Z MovMwo K‡i eyK Pvc‡o
wejvc KiwQ‡jb, ZLb Dgi Zv‡ì evav w`‡Z gvbv Ki‡jb| KviY wZwb
wb‡RI Rvb‡Zb †h gvbemf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m wØZxq †Kv‡bv Lvwj` nq‡Zv
Avi KL‡bvB Rb¥v‡e bv, ZvB Zv‡ì GB wejvc Avi AvnvRvwi Ab_©K
bq|12
12. Lvwj` Ges Dg‡ii g‡bvgvwjb¨ BwZnvm¯^xK…Z| wKš‘ Zviv KL‡bvB G‡K A‡bï cÖwZ
weivM ev Kzrmv cÖKvk K‡ibwb| Dgi Lwjdv nIqvi ci Lvwj`‡K gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbxi KgvÛ †_‡K mwi‡q w`‡j Lvwj` Zv webv Z‡K© †g‡b †bb Ges e‡jb, Òhw`
Avey eKi B‡šÍKvj K‡i _v‡Kb Avi Dgi bZzb Lwjdv wbe©vwPZ n‡q _v‡Kb, †Zv
Avgv‡ì meviB DwPZ Lwjdv Dg‡ii cÖwZ AbyMZ _vKv Ges Zvi wb‡`©k †g‡b Pjv|Õ
Kw_Z Av‡Q †h Dgi Zvi g„Zz¨kh¨vq GB e‡j Avd‡mvm K‡iwQ‡jb †h Lvwj` †eu‡P
_vK‡j wZwb Lvwj‡ì nv‡ZB †Ljvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ Zy‡j w`‡Zb| G Qvov GKevi Lvwj‡ì
AviI GKwU hy×R‡qi K_v ï‡b wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb †h wbðq Avey eKi Zvi †P‡q
fv‡jv K‡i gvbyl wPb‡Z cvi‡Zb Ges mwZ¨ Lvwj` wQ‡jb Bmjv‡gi Xvj¯îƒc|
17
18
Aa¨vq `yB
BqvigyK hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU
Lwjdv Avey eKi †Ljvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ †bIqvi ciciB KwVb GK P¨v‡j‡Äi

gy‡L co‡jb; gnvbex (mv.)-i Idv‡Zi ci Avie †MvÎ¸‡jvi H‡K¨ `ªæZ
dvUj aij, Avi RvqMvq RvqMvq cÖwZw`bB bZyb bZyb me fÐ bex-ivmyj
†`Lv w`‡Z jvMj| G‡ì _vgv‡Z Avi `gv‡Z wM‡q ïi“ n‡jv wiÏvn hy×|
bewbhy³ †mbvcÖavb Lvwj` web Iqvwj` Bqvgvgvi hy‡× fÐ bex
gymvBwjgvn‡K civ¯— K‡i gaÄvieRy‡o †Ljvd‡Zi KZ©…Z¡ mgybœZ
ivL‡jb| Gici Avey eKi Lvwj`‡K cvVv‡jb cvwm©qvb d«‡›U 1|
cvwm©qvb Bb‡fkb2-Gi †kl w`‡K wdiv‡Ri hy‡× evBRv›UvBb †ivgvb,
mvmvwb` cvwm©qvb Avi wLªóvb Avie‡ì †hŠ_evwnbx‡K civ¯— K‡i Lvwj`
hLb Kvw`wkqvn Awfhv‡bi c‡_, ZLb wZwb Lwjdv Avey eK‡ii Av‡`k
†c‡jb wmwiqvb Bb‡fk‡bi KgvÛvi Avey Devq`v‡K wiBb‡dvm©3 Kivi|
c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi AvRbv`vB‡b Avey Devq`vi †mbvevwnbx‡K evBRv›UvB‡biv
cÖvq wN‡i †d‡jwQj| wmwiqvb Bb‡fk‡bi GB msKUgq gyn~‡Z© wmwiqvb
d«‡›U Lvwj‡ì Afve Pigfv‡e Abyf~Z n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| ZvB cÖ_‡g
Pjgvb AvRbv`vB‡bi msKU wbimb K‡i Gici cieZ©x wmwiqvb Bb‡fkb
cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ Lwjdv Avey eKi ZLbI cvwm©qvb d«‡›U hy×iZ
Lvwj`‡K wmwiqvb d«‡›Ui bZyb †mbvcwZ wbe©vPb K‡ib Ges Lvwj`‡K
wiBb‡dvm©‡g›Um‡gZ `ªæZ BivK †Q‡o wmwiqvq hvIqvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb|
wb‡`©k †c‡qB Lvwj` Zvi evwnbxi wKQy DU‡K `yB w`b ch©šÍ cvwb bv
LvB‡q ivLvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| BivK †_‡K wmwiqv hvIqvi c_ wQj `y‡Uv
Avi msMZ Kvi‡YB †mB `yB c‡_ evBRv›UvBb A¨v¤^yk4 _vKvi K_v| ZvB
Lvwj` wmwiqvb giæf~wg n‡q BivK †_‡K wmwiqv hvIqvi cwiKíbv
1. hy‡× d«›U ej‡Z kÎæi w`‡K wbR evwnbxi m¤§yL cÖvšÍ †evSvq|
2. K¨v‡¤úBb ej‡Z mvgwiK Awfhvb †evSvq| evB‡i †_‡K †Kv‡bv kw³ G‡m †`k `L‡ji
Rb¨ K¨v‡¤úBb Pvjv‡j Zv‡K e‡j Bb‡fkb| Bb‡fk‡b wjß evwnbx‡K e‡j Bb‡fwWs
†mbvevwnbx ev G·‡cwWkbvwi †mbvevwnbx|
3. evB‡i †_‡K G‡m †hvM w`‡q †Kv‡bv evwnbxi kw³ e„w× Kiv|
4. kÎæ‡K AZwK©‡Z aŸsm Ki‡Z jywK‡q _vKv mvgwiK evwnbxi m`m¨‡ì duv`|
19
Ki‡jb| †mbv`j wb‡q †KD GB giæf~wg cvwo †Ìqvi K_v wPšÍvI Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb KL‡bv| wKš‘ Lvwj` †Zv Lvwj`B! hvÎv ïi“i Av‡M Lvwj` `yB
w`‡bi Z…òvZ© DU¸‡jv‡K Mjv Aewa cvwb LvB‡q wb‡jb| Zvici Uvbv `yB
w`b gvP©5 K‡i wmwiqvb giæf~wg AwZµg Ki‡jb| c‡_ Zvi ˆmb¨‡ì
cvwbi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡jb †mB Mjv ch©šÍ cvwb †Mjv DU RevB K‡i cvwb
†ei K‡i wb‡q|6
8Lvwj` wmwiqvb giæf~wg n‡q BivK †_‡K wmwiqv hvIqv
Lvwj` iIbv w`‡q‡Qb ï‡bB Avey Devq`v emiv bMi Avµg‡Yi Rb¨
myivwej‡K Av‡`k w`‡jb| wKš‘ myivwej hLb Zvi Pvi nvRvi ˆmb¨ wb‡q
emiv bMixi DcK‡É †cŠuQv‡jb ZLb evBRv›UvBb Avi wLªóvb Avie‡ì
wekvj †hŠ_evwnbx Zv‡K wN‡i †djj| myivwe‡ji gymjgvb evwnbxi
†kvPbxq civRq hLb cÖvq wbwðZ, wVK ZLbB wmwiqvb giæf~wg dzu‡o cÖvq
5. †mbv`‡ji GwM‡q Pjv|

6. GwU GKwU †e`yBb †KŠkj| G Kvi‡YB m¤¢eZ DU‡K giæf~wgi RvnvR e‡j|
20
Akixix GK evwnbxi g‡Zv Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj MvW©7 hy×‡¶‡Î cÖ‡ek Kij
Ges †cQb w`K w`‡q evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbxi Ici AvQ‡o coj|
AvµvšÍ n‡q evBRv›UvBb †hŠ_evwnbx i‡Y f½ w`‡q emiv bMixi †fZ‡i
cvwj‡q wM‡q bMixi cÖavb ìRvi wLj Gu‡U w`j, Avi Avey Devq`v Qy‡U
G‡m Lvwj`‡K Rwo‡q a‡i Zvi nv‡Z wmwiqvb d«‡›Ui KgvÛ Zy‡j w`‡jb|
634 mv‡ji ga¨ RyjvB‡qi †fZi emiv bMixi cZ‡bi ga¨ w`‡q
Nmvwb` es‡ki cwimgvwß NUj Avi Lvwj` 30 RyjvB 634 Zvwi‡L
AvRbv`vB‡bi hy‡× evBRv›UvBb‡ì civwRZ K‡i wmwiqvi ey‡K
evBRv›UvBb †ivgvb mv¤ªv‡Rï cZbNÈv evwR‡q w`‡jb|
evBRv›UvBb †ivgvb m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qvm G‡gmvq e‡m AvRbv`vB‡bi
djvdj Rvb‡jb Ges cÖvq GKB m‡½ cieZ©x evBRv›UvBb k³ NuvwU
`v‡g¯‹ bMix †_‡K wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui ZvMv`v †c‡jb| †nivwK¬qv‡mi †g‡qi
RvgvB Ugvm wQ‡jb ZLb `v‡g¯‹ cÖwZi¶vi `vwq‡Z¡| Lvwj‡ì evwnbx
GwM‡q Avm‡Q †R‡b †nivwK¬qv‡mi Kv‡Q wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U †P‡q cvVv‡bvi
cvkvcvwk wZwb `v‡g‡¯‹i c«wZi¶v eë¯’v AviI kw³kvjx Kivi wb‡`©k
w`‡jb| Lvwj‡ì AMÖvwfhv‡bi MwZ Kwg‡q w`‡Z wZwb `y‡Uv †mbv`j
mvg‡b cvwV‡q w`‡jb, wKš‘ Zviv Lvwj‡ì †Sv‡ovMwZi AMÖvwfhv‡bi
mvg‡b cvËvB †cj bv| †nivwK¬qv‡mi cÖ_g `dv wiBb‡dvm©‡g›UUv
†Kv‡bvg‡Z `v‡g¯‹ †cŠuQv‡Z cvi‡jI 20 AvM÷ 634 Zvwi‡L Lvwj`
`v‡g¯‹ Ae‡iva K‡i †djvi ci wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui me iæU eÜ n‡q †Mj|
`v‡g¯‹ Ae‡iva PjvKv‡jB Lwjdv Avey eKi B‡šÍKvj Ki‡jb Avi Dgi
web LvËve wLjvd‡Zi bZyb KY©avi wbe©vwPZ n‡jb|
Lwjdv Dgi cÖ_g my‡hv‡MB Lvwj` web Iqvwj`‡K gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbxi KgvÛ †_‡K mwi‡q w`‡q Avey Devq`v‡K bZyb †mbvcÖavb
†NvlYv Ki‡jb Ges Lvwj`‡K Avey Devq`vi AvÛvi KgvÛ 8 K‡i w`‡jb|
7. gymjgvb‡ì wmwiqv Awfhv‡b Lvwj‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ _vKv nvjKv K¨vfvjwi †iwR‡g‡›Ui wiRvf©
evwnbx| AMÖvwfhv‡bi mgq Giv g~j †mbvevwnbxi mvg‡b A¨vWfvÝ MvW© Avi wcQy nUvi
mgq Giv wiqvi MvW© wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZ| hy× PjvKv‡j Lvwj‡ì GB †gvevBj
MvW© AcÖZ¨vwkZ w`K †_‡K Qy‡U G‡m kÎæevwnbx‡K AvµgY K‡i ZQbQ K‡i w`Z|
G‡K K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©I ejv nq, Aviwe‡Z e‡j ZyjvBqv gyZvnvwi°vn|
8. GKRb KgvÛv‡ii Aaxb Awdmvi I ˆmb¨|
21
Avey Devq`v wbtm‡›`‡n †mbvcÖavb nIqvi †hvM¨B wQ‡jb, `xN©w`b a‡i
wZwb wmwiqvb d«›U KgvÛI K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ wZwb wb‡RI Lye fv‡jv K‡iB
Rvb‡Zb †h AšÍZ hy×‡¶‡Îi †mbvcwZ‡Z¡ gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡Z
Lvwj‡ì mgK¶ GB gyn~‡Z© Avi †KDB †bB| ZvB `v‡g¯‹ Ae‡iv‡ai cy‡iv
mgq Lwjdv Dg‡ii GB cqMvg wZwb †Mvcb ivL‡jb| 18 †m‡Þ¤î 634
Zvwi‡L `v‡g‡¯‹i cZb n‡j Avey Devq`v Lwjdv Dg‡ii B”Qvi K_v
Lvwj`‡K Rvbv‡jb Ges wb‡R KgvÛ MÖn‡Yi ciciB †mbvcÖav‡bi
¶gZve‡j Lvwj`‡K Zvi wPd Ae ÷vd9 K‡i gymjgvb K¨vfvjwi
wiRv‡f©i KgvÛvi †NvlYv Ki‡jb|
gyZvi hy‡× evBRv›UvBb †ivgvb‡ì wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cici
bqUv Zievwi fvOv Lvwj` B‡Zvg‡a¨ gnvbex (mv.)-i †Ìqv Dcvwa
ÔmvBdyj vnÕ ev ÔAvjøvni ZievwiÕ bv‡gi mv_©K cÖwZf~| †Kv‡bv hy‡×B
nvi-bv-gvbvi †iKW©avix Lvwj‡ì hy×‡¶‡Î Dcw¯’wZ gv‡bB GK jvL
ˆmwb‡Ki wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U Avi Avmbœ weR‡qi M¨vivw›U| ZvB Dg‡ii Ggb
wm×vš— ¯^fveZB Lvwj`‡K nZf¤^ K‡i w`j, wKš‘ wZwb Zv mvg‡j wb‡q
ej‡jb, Òhw` Avey eKi B‡šÍKvj K‡i _v‡Kb Avi Dgi bZyb Lwjdv
wbe©vwPZ n‡q _v‡Kb, †Zv Avgv‡ì meviB DwPZ Lwjdv Dg‡ii cÖwZ
AbyMZ _vKv Ges Zvi wb‡`©k †g‡b Pjv|Ó
hy×‡¶‡Îi KgvÛvi10 wn‡m‡e Avey Devq`v wQ‡jb A‡bK †ewk
mveavbx, ZvB Lvwj` cv‡k _vKvi ciI ¯^fveZB gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi
AMÖvwfhv‡bi MwZ A‡bKUvB K‡g †Mj| Avgi Avi myivwej‡K Zvi A‡a©K
†mbvevwnbxmn wdwjw¯Íb `L‡ji wgk‡b cvwV‡q w`‡q Devq`v Lvwj`‡K m‡½
wb‡q wmwiqvi AviI DË‡i Zvi AMÖvwfhvb Ae¨vnZ ivL‡jb Ges gvP©
636 bvMv` G‡gmv ch©šÍ `Lj K‡i †dj‡jb|
DcvqvšÍi bv †c‡q evBRv›UvBb m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qvm AMZ¨v Zvi
ivRavbx Gw›UI‡L `yB jvL ˆm‡bï GK wekvj †mbvevwnbx Rgv‡qZ11
Ki‡jb| Zvi cwiKíbv wQj GB wekvj evBRv›UvBb evwnbx w`‡q
9. cÖavb Dc‡`óv|
10. †mbv`‡ji AwabvqK| KgvÛ Kivi `vwqZ¡cÖvß GKRb Awdmvi|
11. †Kv‡bv we‡kl Awfhv‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †mbv`j‡K GKÎ Kiv|
22
wdwjw¯Íb, ga¨ wmwiqv Avi DËi wmwiqvRy‡o Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q Avjv`v Avjv`v
fv‡e AwfhvbiZ gymjgvb †mbv`j¸‡jv‡K G‡Ki ci GK aŸsm Kiv|
636 mv‡j Ryb gv‡mi gvSvgvwS GK‡hv‡M cuvP-cuvPUv evBRv›UvBb
†mbvevwnbx hLb wZb w`K w`‡q G‡gmvi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z ïi“ Kij,
weåvšÍ Avey Devq`v ZLb †di Lvwj‡ì kiYvcbœ n‡jb| kvwn digv‡bi
†Zvqv°v bv K‡iB wZwb Lvwj‡ì nv‡Z KgvÛ Zy‡j w`‡q evwnbxi cÖkvmwbK
Kvh©µg †`Lv‡Z g‡bv‡hvM w`‡jb| Aek¨ evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbxi
GwM‡q Avmvi Lei cvIqvi ci †_‡KB Lvwj` g‡b g‡b GB KwVb Ae¯’v
†_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq wb‡q fvewQ‡jb Ges nVvrB Zvi gv_vq AvBwWqvUv
†L‡j †Mj| AvBwWqvUv GZUvB hyMvšÍKvix wQj †h †¯ªd GB GKUv
AvBwWqvi Kvi‡Y c‡i BwZnv‡mi †gvo Ny‡i wM‡qwQj Avi evBRv›UvBb
mv¤ªv‡Rï cZ‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Bmjv‡gi BD‡ivchvÎvi c_ Ly‡j wM‡qwQj|
ZvB KgvÛ wd‡i cvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ Lvwj` GKUv Kbdv‡iÝ WvK‡jb Ges
me KgvÛvi Avi Awdmvi‡ì †mB Kbdv‡i‡Ý nvwRi _vKvi wb‡`©k
w`‡jb|
23
24
Aa¨vq wZb
evBRv›UvBb cÖ¯ÍywZ
Kbdv‡iÝ iægRy‡o wcbcZb wb¯ÍäZv; Ae‡k‡l Avey Devq`v †mB

wb¯ÍäZv †f‡O Lvwj‡ì civgk© PvB‡jb| cÖ_‡gB Lvwj` †Mvqv›`vcÖavb‡ì
KvQ †_‡K me©‡kl B‡›Uwj‡RÝ Avc‡WU1 Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| evBRv›UvBb
hy×ew›` Avi G‡gmvq m`¨ wiµy‡UW Wvej G‡R›U‡ì2 gva¨‡g cvIqv
B‡›Uwj‡R‡Ýi wfwË‡Z Iqvi †Mwgs †Uwej3 Ry‡o m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qv‡mi iY-
cwiKíbvi †h-wPÎUv µgk ¯úóZi n‡q DV‡Q Zv wbtm‡›`‡n fqven|
629 mv‡j m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qvm wMÖK UvB‡Uj Ôe¨wmwjIÕ MÖn‡Yi ci
†_‡KB Zvi cÖcvMvwÛ÷iv †h †Kv‡bv evBRv›UvBb Awfhvb‡KB whïi bv‡g
Pvwj‡q w`w”Qj, hy×‡¶‡ÎI †iwjK4 wn‡m‡e whïi µy‡ki KvV enb Kiv
n‡Zv ˆmb¨‡ì g‡bvej Pv½v ivL‡Z| GeviI Gi †Kv‡bv e¨wZµg n‡jv
bv| wmwiqvb d«‡›U ZLb gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× evBRv›UvBb‡ì †Kv‡bv
cÖwZ‡ivaB Kv‡R AvmwQj bv, Avi gymjgvb‡ì nv‡Z evBRv›UvBb‡ì
G‡gmv bMixI ZLb ch©šÍ Aeiæ×| AMZ¨v 635 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K m¤ªvU
†nivwK¬qvm Bmjv‡gi GB cÖvq AcÖwZ‡iva¨ AMÖvwfhvb‡K †VKv‡Z GK Avw`
µz‡m‡Wi WvK w`‡jb|
†g 636 bvMv` G‡gmvevmx hLb wRwRqv Ki w`‡q gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbxi ek¨Zv †g‡b wb‡Z ivwR n‡q‡Q, ZLb DËi wmwiqv AviI
DË‡i Gw›UILRy‡o ivkvb, ¯øvf, d«v¼, wMÖK, †ivgvb, RwR©qvb, Av‡g©wbqvb
Avi wLªóvb Avie‡ì wb‡q M‡o IVv evBRv›UvBb eûRvwZK evwnbx
iY‡cvg wb‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q|
wÎk nvRvi ˆmb¨ wb‡q G‡KKUv evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbx M‡o DVj,
Avi Ggb cuvPUv †mbvevwnbx GK‡hv‡M G‡Mv‡Z jvMj wmwiqvb d«‡›Ui
w`‡K| evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbx‡Z Av‡g©wbqvbiv `ytmvnmx †hv×v wn‡m‡e
mycwiwPZ wQj| Av‡g©bxq‡ì KgvÛ KiwQ‡jb †Rbv‡ij fvnvb,
1. kÎæi Ae¯’vb I MwZwewa-m¤úwK©Z †Mv‡q›`v Z_¨|

2. fvix eKwk‡ki gva¨‡g wK‡b †djv kÎæi ¸ßPi|
3. hy× cwiKíbvi Kv‡R eëüZ g¨vc mn ‡Uwej|
4. cweÎ ¯§„wZwPý|
25
Av‡g©wbqvb GB ivRv wQ‡jb G‡gmvi mv‡eK Mfb©i| wLªóvb Avie‡ì
†bZ…Z¡ w`w”Q‡jb wcÖÝ Rvevjvn; wZwb wb‡Ri nv‡Zi Zvjyi g‡ZvB fv‡jv
K‡i wPb‡Zb wmwiqvb d«‡›Ui AvbvPKvbvP| Kómwnòy †hv×v e‡j L¨vZ
ivkvb Avi ¯øvf‡ì Kgv‡Û wQ‡jb †Rbv‡ij KvbvwZi| Avi Aj
BD‡ivwcqvb evwnbx KgvÛ KiwQ‡jb †Rbv‡ij †MÖMwi Avi †Rbv‡ij
`vBiRvb|
9m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qv‡mi iY-cwiKíbv
26
m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qvm †Rbv‡ij fvnv‡bi nv‡Z hy×‡¶‡Îi †mbvcwZi
`vwqZ¡ Zy‡j w`‡q w_I‡Wvi wU‡_vwiqvm‡K evBRv›UvBb eûRvwZK evwnbxi
cÖkvmwbK cÖavb wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡jb| wU‡_vwiqvm Av`‡Z wQ‡jb
evBRv›UvBb †Kvlva¨¶| wmwiqvb d«‡›U Zv‡K cvVv‡bvi KviY wQj wØwea|
cÖ_gZ, Av‡g©bxq †Rbv‡ij fvnv‡bi m‡½ BD‡ivcxq KgvÛvi Avi
†Rbv‡ij‡ì e¨w³‡Z¡i msNvZ Gwo‡q cvi¯úwiK †evSvcovUv mnR
Ki‡Z| Avi wØZxqZ, wekvj GB eûRvwZK evwnbxi ˆmb¨‡ì g‡a¨ †eZb
cvIqv wb‡q †Kv‡bv ai‡bi ¸Re †hb Qwo‡q bv c‡o|
ZLb †Ljvd‡Zi gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx Pvi fv‡M wef³ n‡q wZb
d«›URy‡o Awfhv‡b e¨¯Í| Avgi web Avj Avm wdwjw¯Í‡b, myivwej RW©v‡b,
Kv‡mwi‡Z BqvwR` Avi Avey Devq`v I Lvwj` G‡gmvi DË‡i jowQj
ZLb| †nivwK¬qvm gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi GB wm&c ‡UW KwÛk‡bi5 dvq`v
†Zvjvi dw›` AuvU‡jb| wZwb PvB‡jb Zvi wekvj GB eûRvwZK evwnbx
w`‡q G‡Ki ci GK gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡K AvDUbv¤^vi6 K‡i ¸uwo‡q
w`‡Z| cÖvq Awek¦vm¨ †ewjRv‡i›U †iwkIi7 RbÏ Bqvigy‡Li hy‡×i bvg
BwZnv‡mi cvZvq †jLv n‡Z P‡j‡Q|
Iw`‡K Dgi ebvg Lvwj‡ì we‡iva wb‡q KvbvNylv ZLb Zy‡½|
A‡b‡KiB aviYv, e¨vcviUv Cl©vRwbZ| Lvwj‡ì Kv‡Q ˆkk‡e gjøhy‡×
AvnZ I civwRZ Dgi nq‡Zv ¶gZvq G‡m Zvi †kva wb‡q‡Qb|
A‡b‡Ki Avevi aviYv, wiÏvn hy‡× gvwjK‡K nZ¨v K‡i Zvi ¯¿x jvqjv‡K
we‡q Kivi ci †_‡KB Dgi Lvwj‡ì Ici w¶ß| Zviv `yRbB weL¨vZ
mvnvwe wQ‡jb Ges Bmjv‡gi we¯Ív‡i `yRbB gnvbex (mv.)-Gi Kv‡Q cÖvq
Acwinvh© wQ‡jb| hwÌ Zviv KL‡bvB G‡K A‡bï e¨vcv‡i wb›`v K‡i‡Qb
e‡j †kvbv hvqwb; wKš‘ `yR‡bi g‡a¨ GKUv Cl©vi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i K_v nq‡Zv
G‡Kev‡i Dwo‡q †Ìqvi †Rv †bB| Aek¨ GKUv RvqMvq G‡m `yRb
5. eo GKwU evwnbx mvgwqKfv‡e †QvU †QvU `‡j wef³ n‡q G‡K A‡bï KvQ †_‡K `~‡i
_vKv|
6. ˆmb¨msL¨vq cÖwZc‡¶i †P‡q †ewk nIqv|
7. `ywU †mbvevwnbxi c`vwZK, wZi›`vR, Ak¦v‡ivnx ˆmb¨ BZ¨vwì wbwi‡L Zyjbvg~jK
AbycvZ|
27
`yfv‡e Abb¨, Lvwj` wQ‡jb Abe`¨ GK †hv×v Avi hy×we` Ges Dgi
wQ‡jb ÷ª¨v‡UwRK w`K †_‡K we`» GK ivó«bvqK|
†jv‡K fve‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj Lvwj` hy×‡¶‡Î cv ivLv gv‡bB mywbwðZ
weRq| ZvB RxešÍ wKse`wšÍ Lvwj‡ì e¨vcv‡i gymjgvb‡ì g‡b µ‡gB `„p
n‡Z _vKv GB Kzms¯‹vi †_‡K Bmjvg‡K euvPv‡ZB Dgi Lvwj`‡K KgvÛ
†_‡K Acmvi‡Yi wm×vš— wb‡qwQ‡jb| hwÌ Avmbœ Bqvigy‡Li hy‡×
`yRbB ÷ª¨v‡UwRK Avi U¨vKwUK¨vj `„wó‡KvY †_‡K `viæYfv‡e j‡o
†nivwK¬qvm-fvnv‡bi eûRvwZK evBRv›UvBb evwnbx‡K †kvPbxqfv‡e
civ¯— K‡i †ewjRv‡i›U †iwkIi HwZnvwmK wn‡me-wb‡Kk AvMv‡MvovB
D‡ëcv‡ë w`‡qwQ‡jb|
28
Aa¨vq Pvi
wcwQ‡q Avmvi †mB hyMvšÍKvix wm×vš—
g¨vwbqvn wK †nivwK¬qv‡mi †g‡q wQ‡jb, bvwK bvZwb, Zv wb‡q HwZnvwmK

weZK© Av‡Q| gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx ZLb GKB mg‡q wmwiqvb d«‡›U
†nivwK¬qv‡mi evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× Avi cvwm©qvb d«‡›U
BqvR‡`Mv‡W©i1 cvwm©qvb †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× jowQj| ZvB gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× me©kw³ w`‡q Av‡iKUv evBRv›UvBb Awfhvb ïi“
Kivi Av‡M †nivwK¬qvm GKUv PgrKvi ÷ª¨v‡UwRK Pvj Pvj‡jb; wZwb
cvwm©qvb m¤ªvU Z…Zxq BqvR‡`Mv‡W©i m‡½ g¨vwbqvni we‡q w`‡q w`‡jb|
ivR‰bwZK GB we‡qi D‡Ïk¨B wQj gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× evBRv›UvBb
gnv Awfhv‡bi mgq cvwm©qvb‡ì wgÎZv kZfvM wbwðZ Kiv|
†nivwK¬qv‡mi ÷ª¨v‡UwRK cwiKíbv wQj wmwiqvb d«‡›U hLb
evBRv›UvBbiv nvg‡j co‡e, ZLb GKB mg‡q cvwm©qvb d«‡›UI
BqvR‡`MvW© AvµgY Pvjv‡e †hb gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx GKB m‡½ `yB
d«‡›U jo‡Z eva¨ nq; Avi wmwiqvb d«›U‡K wiBb‡dvm© Kivi Rb¨
gymjgv‡biv †hb cvwm©qvb d«›U †_‡K †Kv‡bv ˆmb¨ mwi‡q Avb‡Z bv cv‡i|
÷ª¨v‡UwRK GB †W‡fjc‡g›UUv2 Lwjdv Dg‡ii †MvP‡i Avbvi civgk©
w`‡q Lvwj` U¨vw±K¨vj e¨v‡Ujwd‡ìi †W‡fjc‡g‡›Ui w`‡K bRi w`‡jb|
†Mv‡q›`vcÖavb‡ì †Ìqv Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mvRv‡bv Iqvi‡Mg †Uwe‡ji 3
w`‡K ZvwK‡q Lvwj`-Devq`vmn me gymjgvb KgvÛv‡ii Kcv‡j `ywðšÍvi
†iLv MfxiZi n‡q DVj|
1. mvmvbxq ev mmwbqb mv¤ªvR¨ Biv‡b Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi Av‡M †mLvbKvi me©‡kl

mv¤ªvR¨| cÖvq 400 eQi a‡i GwU cwðg Gwkqv I BD‡iv‡ci `ywU cÖavb kw³i GKwU
wQj| Bmjv‡gi Avie Lwjdv‡ì Kv‡Q †kl mmwbqvb ivRv kvnvbkvn Z…Zxq
BqvR‡`‡M‡`©i civR‡qi gva¨‡g mmwbqb mv¤ªv‡Rï mgvwß N‡U|
2. me©‡kl cwiw¯’wZ A_ev cUcwieZ©b|
3. hy×-cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ †Uwej ev N‡ii †g‡S‡Z evwj, Kv‡Vi ¸uov Avi †Ljbv
MvQ-Nievwo w`‡q evbv‡bv hy×‡¶‡Îi cÖwZK…wZ|
29
10wcwQ‡q Avmvi †mB hyMvšÍKvix wm×vš—
636 mv‡ji Ry‡bi gvSvgvwS evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbx Gw›UIL Avi

DËi wmwiqvi QvDwb †Q‡o †ewi‡q G‡jv| cÖ_g Uv‡M©U m¤cÖwZ Avey
Devq`v Avi Lvwj‡ì gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi KeRvq P‡j hvIqv G‡gmv
D×vi Kiv| cÖ_‡gB †nivwK¬qv‡mi †Q‡j wcÖÝ Kb÷vbUvBb-3 K¨vmvwii
c‡_ iIbv w`‡jb K¨vmvwi‡Z Aew¯’Z evBRv›UvBb M¨vwimb‡K wiBb‡dvm©
Ki‡Z, †hb GB gyû‡Z© K¨vmvwi Ae‡iva K‡i ivLv BqvwR‡ì gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbx‡K G‡gmv Awfhv‡bi mgq ch©šÍ Gb‡MRW 4 K‡i ivLv hvq|
4. e¨¯Í ivLv, †hb G‡gmvq AvµvšÍ gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †h‡Z bv cv‡i|
30
evBRv›UvBb †Rbv‡ij KvbvwZ‡ii wgkb wQj G‡gmv evBcvm 5 K‡i
f~ga¨mvMixq DcK~j a‡i `ªæZ êiæZ n‡q `v‡g¯‹ `Lj K‡i, `v‡g¯‹
†_‡K G‡gmv hvIqvi jvBb Ad KwgDwb‡Kkb6 AvU‡K †Ìqv; Avi
G‡gmvq NuvwU †M‡o emv DevB`v-Lvwj‡ì gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxUv‡K
AvB‡mv‡jU7 K‡i †djv, †hb †cQb †_‡K †Kv‡bv im` ev wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U
gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡Z bv cv‡i, Avi AvµvšÍ nIqvi ci
GKRb gymjgvb †mbvI †hb wcQy n‡U wKsev RxweZ cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv
cv‡i|
evBRv›UvBb wcÖÝ Rvevjvni wgkb wQj Av‡j‡àv †_‡K †mvRv G‡gmvi
w`‡K GwM‡q wM‡q DËi w`K †_‡K gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡K mvg‡b †_‡K
Gb‡MR8 Kiv| Avi †Rbv‡ij `vBiRv‡bi wgkb wQj Rvevjvn hLb
gymjgvb‡ì mvg‡b †_‡K Gb‡MRW ivL‡e, ZLb cwðg w`K †_‡K
d¬¨vw¼s gyf9 K‡i GwM‡q G‡m gymjgvb‡ì euv d¬¨v‡¼ AvµgY Kiv|
†Rbv‡ij †MÖMwii wgkb wQj †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv n‡q DËi-c~e© w`K †_‡K
GwM‡q G‡m gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi Wvb d¬¨v‡¼ nvg‡j cov| Avi wdì
KgvÛvi †Rbv‡ij fvnvb _vK‡eb †Rbv‡ij Rvevjvni †mbvevwnbxi
†cQ‡bB; evBRv›UvBb Acv‡ikbvj wiRv‡f©i10 m‡½|
cÖ_‡gB Lvwj` gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi †Wcøq‡g‡›Ui 11 w`‡K mevi `„wó
AvKl©Y Ki‡jb| Avgi web Av‡mi †mbvevwnbx c¨v‡j÷vB‡b, myivwe‡ji
†mbvevwnbx RW©v‡b Avi BqvwR` K¨vmvwi Ae‡iva K‡i Av‡Q| GKevi hw`
G‡gmv †cQb w`K w`‡q wmwiqv †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o, Zv n‡j wZb w`K
†_‡K evBRv›UvBbiv AvµgY Ki‡j G‡gmvq gymwjg ebvg evBRv›UvBb
†ewjRv‡i›U †iwkI‡Z GZ †ewk dvivK ˆZwi n‡e †h †Kv‡bvfv‡eB
5. mvg‡b cov †Kv‡bv j¶ë¯Íy‡K Gwo‡q AviI mvg‡bi †Kv‡bv j¶ë¯Íyi w`‡K GwM‡q
hvIqv|
6. †hvMv‡hv‡Mi c_, †h c‡_ ˆmb¨ Avi im` Avbv-†bIqv Kiv nq|
7. †hvMv‡hvM ev hvZvqv‡Zi c_ AvU‡K †Kv‡bv evwnbx‡K wN‡i †djv|
8. gy‡LvgywL nIqv|
9. mvg‡b †_‡K bv G‡m Wvb A_ev euv cvk †_‡K GwM‡q Avmv|
10. msiw¶Z †mbv`j hviv wbR wech©¯Í †mbvevwnbxi kw³e„w×‡Z eënvi Kiv nq|
11. f~wg‡Z G‡KKwU evwnbx †hfv‡e †h ¯’v‡b †gvZv‡qb _v‡K|
31
gymjgvb civRq Gov‡bv m¤¢e bv| Lvwj` mvbRyi12 bvg ï‡bwQ‡jb wK bv
†m-e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv HwZnvwmK e³e¨ cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e wZwb
KvKZvjxqfv‡e wVK mvbRyi g‡Zv K‡iB fve‡jb; AwfÁ †hv×v Lvwj`
fv‡jv K‡iB Rvb‡Zb †Kvb hy× jo‡Z nq Avi †Kvb hy× Gwo‡q †h‡Z
nq|
G‡gmvi Iqvi‡Mwgs Kbdv‡i‡Ýi me Awdmvi Avi G‡gmv †_‡K eû
`~i Av‡j‡àv‡Z emv †nivwK¬qvm‡K AevK K‡i w`‡q Lvwj` web Iqvwj`,
me gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡K AbwZwej‡¤^ G‡gmv †_‡K wcwQ‡q `v‡g¯‹
†cwi‡q AviI `w¶‡Y †Mvjvb nvB‡Ui KvQvKvwQ Rvweqv‡Z Rgv‡qZ13
Kivi hyMvšÍKvix wb‡`©k w`‡jb| G‡Z cÖvq GKB mg‡q Pvi ¯’v‡b wew”Qbœ
gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx¸‡jv GKÎ nIqvi my‡hvM cv‡e Avi Lwjdv Dg‡ii
RbÏ wiBb‡dvm© cvVv‡bv AviI mnR n‡e| Zv Qvov Rvweqvi cÖvšÍi
Lvwj‡ì `yal© Ak¦v‡ivnx evwnbxi K¨vfvjwi Pv‡R©i14 Rb¨ Av`k©
†U‡iBb15|
bZyb wm×vš—wU wb‡q `ªæZZg A‡k¦ mIqvi n‡q ivR`~‡Ziv Qy‡U Pjj
Lwjdv Dgi, Avgi, myivwej Avi BqvwR‡ì D‡Ï‡k| †h‡nZy gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbx G‡gmv †Q‡o wcQy nU‡Q ZvB Avey Devq`v G‡gmvi RbM‡Yi
KvQ †_‡K †bIqv mgy`q wRwRqv Ki †diZ †Ìqvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| hy‡×i
GB Ae¯’vq Lwjdv Dgi Zvi cÖ_g ÷ª¨v‡UwRK PvjUv Pvj‡jb| cvwm©qvb
d«›U VvÛv ivL‡Z wZwb cvwm©qvb m¤ªvU BqvR‡`Mv‡W©i ìev‡i ivR`yZ
cvVv‡jb hy×weiwZi cÖ¯Íve w`‡q|
G‡gmv †_‡K gymjgvb †dv‡m©i Rvweqv‡Z U¨vw±K¨vj wi‡Wcøq‡g‡›Ui 16
wm×v‡š—i Kvi‡Y †nivwK¬qv‡mi †MvUv Awfhvb cwiKíbv †ek eomo
GKUv av°v †Lj| (kÎyi Pv‡c wcwQ‡q Avmv‡K Avgiv eje wiwU«U| Avi
wb‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ wcwQ‡q Avmv‡K eje U¨vw±K¨vj wi‡Wcøq‡g›U|)
BqvigyK hy×‡¶‡Î Lvwj‡ì †gbyfvi Avi K¨vfvjwi U¨vw±m ev‡`B, †¯ªd
12. weL¨vZ `¨ AvU© Ad Iqv‡ii ˆPwbK ÷ª¨v‡UwR÷ Avi †Rbv‡ij †jLK mvbRy|
13. iY‡KŠkjMZfv‡e Rgv‡qZ nIqv|
14. Ak¦v‡ivnx evwnbxi mgš^‡q AvµgY|
15. hy×‡¶‡Îi GjvKv|
16. iY‡KŠkjMZ cðv`cmiY|
32
GB U¨vw±K¨vj wi‡Wcøq‡g‡›Ui hyMvšÍKvix wm×v‡š—i Kvi‡YB Lvwj`‡K
mgi-BwZnv‡m Avjv`v K‡i ¯§iY Kiv nq|
hy×‡¶Î G‡gmv †_‡K Rvweqvq ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nIqvq wew”Qbœfv‡e
gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡K aŸsm Kivi †nivwK¬qv‡mi eo mv‡ai cwiKíbvUvB
†f‡¯Í †Mj| hv‡nvK, Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I †nivwK¬qvm Zvi Kw›U‡RwÝ 17 fve‡Z
ïi“ Ki‡jb| G‡gmv †_‡K Rvweqv gv‡b †nivwK¬qv‡mi cuvPUv
†mbvevwnbx‡K Gevi wØ¸Y `~iZ¡ gvP© Ki‡Z n‡e| A_P hvIqvi Rb¨
gwewjwU KwiWi18 GKUvB; G‡gmv-`v‡g¯‹-Rvweqv †ivW| A_©vr cuvPUv
†mbvevwnbx‡K GKUvi †cQ‡b GKUv gvP© Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi gv‡b mgq †ewk
jvM‡e| mgq †ewk jvMv gv‡b Awfhv‡bi e¨vwßKvj AviI †e‡o hvIqv|
Avi mgq †e‡o hvIqv gv‡bB jwRw÷K 19 e¨q †e‡o hvIqv| Avevi
Rvweqvi wbKUeZ©x GKgvÎ jwRw÷K †eBR n‡jv `v‡g¯‹| Avi `v‡g¯‹
GB gyn~‡Z© m`¨B †kl nIqv gymjgvb‡ì wmwiqv Awfhv‡bi aKj KvwU‡q
D‡V‡Q| ZvB bZyb K‡i wekvj cuvPUv †mbvevwnbx‡K im`-mnvqZv †Ìqvi
g‡Zv Ae¯’vq †bB| Zvi gv‡b evBRv›UvBb Awfhvb ïi“B n‡e im`MZ
mxgve×Zv wb‡q|
m‡e©vcwi Abye©i giækni g°v-gw`bv `L‡ji †Kv‡bv B‡”QB
†nivwK¬qv‡mi †bB| wKš‘ †jfv›U cyb`©L‡ji ¯^v‡_© gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡K
civ¯— Kiv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv DcvqI †bB| AMZ¨v †nivwK¬qvm Zvi
†mbvevwnbx¸‡jvi AM«hvÎv Ae¨vnZ ivLvi wm×vš— wb‡Z eva¨ n‡jb|
gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx¸‡jv Rvweqv‡Z Rgv‡qZ Kivi ci †`Lv †Mj †h
BqvwR` K¨vmvwi Ae‡iva †Q‡o P‡j Avmvi ci `v‡g¯‹ A‡¶i cvkvcvwk
K¨vmvwi †_‡K Av‡iKUv evBRv›UvBb A¨vwfwbD Ad A¨v‡cÖvP20 Ly‡j †Mj|
gv‡b ZLbI `yB w`K †_‡K AvµvšÍ nIqvi Avk¼v i‡qB †Mj| ZvB
Lvwj` †di U¨vw±K¨vj wi‡Wcøq‡g‡›Ui wb‡`©k w`‡jb; Gevi MšÍe¨ Rvweqv
†_‡K BqvigyK|
17. GKB D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji Rb¨ weKí cwiKíbv|

18. ˆmb¨‡ì m`je‡j GwM‡q hvIqvi g‡Zv c_|
19. hy‡×i Rb¨ im`|
20. ˆmb¨‡ì m`je‡j GwM‡q hvIqvi g‡Zv c_ ev gwewjwU Kwi‡Wv‡ii mgš^‡q hvZvqvZ
GjvKv|
33
Iw`‡K Lwjdv Dg‡ii wb‡`©‡k cvwm©qvb d«‡›Ui Kv‡`wkqvq Ae¯’vb
Ki‡Z _vKv gymjgvb †mbv`j †_‡K mv` Be‡b Avwe Iqv°v‡mi †bZ…‡Z¡
†Ljvd‡Zi `~Z`j mwÜ cÖ¯Íve wb‡q cvwm©qvb m¤ªvU BqvR‡`Mv‡W©i
ivRìev‡ii D‡Ï‡k iIbv w`j| mv` Be‡b Avwe Iqv°vm hy×weiwZ
msjv‡ci ïi“‡ZB cvwm©qvb m¤ªvU BqvR‡`MvW©-3 Ges Zvi `yal©
†mbvcwZ iæ¯Íg dviiæLRv`‡K Bmjvg ag© MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯Íve Ki‡jb|
34
Aa¨vq cuvP
evBRv›UvBb‡ì Av‡cvl c«¯—ve
gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx Rvweqv †cŠu‡Q ¸wQ‡q IVvi Av‡MB m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qvm

Zvi evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbx‡K `ªæZ GwM‡q hvIqvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb; †hb
gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx‡K AcÖ¯ÍyZ Ae¯’vq †c‡q AZwK©‡Z AvµgY K‡i
nvwi‡q †Ìqv hvq| Iw`‡K Lvwj‡ì wb‡`©‡k evBRv›UvBb M¨vwimb
Ae‡iva evwZj K‡i w`‡q †Rbv‡ij BqvwR` Zvi evwnbx wb‡q K¨vmvwi
Z¨vM K‡i Rvweqvi c_ ai‡ZB K¨vmvwii evBRv›UvBb ˆmbïv Zvi wcQy
avIqv Ki‡Z †Póv Kij| `v‡g¯‹ Ges K¨vmvwii w`K †_‡K GK‡hv‡M
evBRv›UvBb Avµg‡Yi Avk¼vq Avey Devq`v Lvwj‡ì Aax‡b Pvi nvRvi
†NvomIqv‡ii GKwU †gvevBj MvW©‡K1 wiqvi MvW©2 wn‡m‡e †i‡L gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbx wb‡q Rvweqv †ivW a‡i Bqvigy‡K ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z ïi“
Ki‡jb|
Lvwj` h_vixwZ wbR ¯^fveg‡Zv Zvi evwnbx wb‡q Rvweqv ‡_‡K
`v‡g‡¯‹i w`‡K GwM‡q wM‡q AM«vwfhvbiZ evBRv›UvBb A¨vWfvwÝs
Kjv‡gi f¨vbMvW©‡K3 AvµgY K‡i `v‡g¯‹ Aewa avIqv K‡i wdwi‡q wb‡q
†M‡jb| G NUbvi c‡i gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi Rvweqv wi‡Wcøq‡g‡›U 4
evBRv›UvBbiv Avi †Kv‡bv evMov †Ìqvi †Póv K‡iwb| Ae‡k‡l mgMÖ
gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx Bqvigy‡K K¨v¤ú Kivi ci LvwjÌ Zvi †gvevBj
MvW© wb‡q Rvweqv †Q‡o Bqvigy‡Ki c‡_ wd‡i Pj‡jb|
BqvigyK hy×‡¶ÎwU †Mvjvb gvjf~wgi `w¶Y-c~‡e© M¨vwjwj mvM‡ii
c~‡e© Avi BqvigyK b`xi DË‡i eZ©gvb Bmiv‡qj, RW©vb Avi wmwiqv
mxgv‡šÍi ms‡hvM¯’‡j Aew¯’Z| hy×‡¶‡Îi cwðg cÖvšÍ Iqvw` Di ivK¡v`
bv‡gi ivwfb ev wMwiLv` Øviv mxgve×, hv DËi †_‡K †b‡g G‡m `w¶‡Y
1. `ªæZMwZm¤úbœ Ak¦v‡ivnx evwnbx, hviv msKUgq cwiw¯’wZ‡Z hy×‡¶‡Î †hvM w`‡q hy×
R‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i|
2. †Kv‡bv evwnbxi wiqvi ev †cQ‡bi Ask myi¶vq wb‡qvwRZ evwnbx|
3. hy‡×i Rb¨ GwM‡q Avmv evwnbx‡K e‡j A¨vWfvwÝs Kjvg, Avi G‡nb AMÖvwfhv‡bi
cy‡ivfv‡M _v‡K f¨vbMvW©, hviv g~j evwnbx‡K mvg‡b †_‡K myiw¶Z iv‡L|
4. cybt †gvZv‡qb|
35
BqvigyK b`x‡Z †hvM w`‡q‡Q| c~‡e© AvRiv wnj Uª¨v±m| c~‡e© Rvweqv †ivW
Avi cwð‡g RW©vb b`xi kvLv BqvigyK b`x| BqvigyK cÖvšÍ‡i `yB
†mbvevwnbxi Rb¨B ch©vß Nvm Avi cvwb wQj|
11fvnvb `¨ Av‡g©wbqvb
Ae‡k‡l †Rbv‡ij fvnvb `¨ Av‡g©wbqvb Zvi evBRv›UvBb eûRvwZK

evwnbx wb‡q BqvigyK †cŠu‡Q †`L‡jb Lvwj` gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx wb‡q
BwZg‡a¨ Bqvigy‡Ki cÖvšÍ‡ii c~e© cÖv‡šÍ Wv‡b Rvweqv †ivW Avi euv‡q
BqvigyK b`xi gaëZ©x jvfv MwVZ mgZ‡j K¨v¤ú K‡i e‡m Av‡Qb|
wLª‡÷i R‡b¥i 400 eQi Av‡M ˆPwbK mgi `vk©wbK mvbRy e‡j
wM‡qwQ‡jb †h hy×‡¶‡Î hviv Av‡M †cŠuQvq, Zviv me mgq A‡c¶vK…Z
myweavRbK Ae¯’vq _v‡K| LvwjÌ †Zgwb wZbUv myweav wb‡qB hy× ïi“
Ki‡jb|
cÖ_gZ, Lvwj‡ì gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx c~e© cÖv‡šÍ K¨v¤ú Kivi d‡j
fvnv‡bi evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbx gymjgvb K¨v‡¤úi wecix‡Z Bqvigy‡Ki
cÖvšÍ‡ii cwðg cÖv‡šÍ K¨v¤ú Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jv| Ae¯’vbMZ GB myweavi
d‡j mKvj †_‡K `ycy‡ii AvM ch©šÍ evBRv›UvBb‡ì †Pv‡Li Ici m~h©
_vKZ; e¨vcviUv evBRv›UvBb wZi›`vR‡ì Rb¨ †Zv e‡UB, GgbwK
36
c`vwZK ˆmb¨‡ì RbÏ wQj †ek A¯^w¯ÍKi| c¶všÍ‡i m~‡h©i wecix‡Z
_vKvq mKvj †_‡KB gymjgvb ˆmbïv cÖwZc¶‡K ¯úó †`L‡Z †cZ|
wØZxqZ, BqvigyK cÖvšÍ‡ii †K‡›`ª ch©vß d«‡›UR5 †c‡Z wM‡q
evBRv›UvBbiv cwðg cÖv‡šÍ Iqvw` Di ivK¡v` bv‡gi GK Mfxi wMwiLv`
†cQ‡b †i‡L K¨v¤ú Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jv| wMwiLv`wU ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b cÖvq 200
wgUv‡ii g‡Zv Mfxi Avi AvBbvj avKvi GjvKvi GKUv gvÎ µwms mvBU
Qvov Bqvigy‡Ki cÖvšÍi †_‡K wcwQ‡q GB wMwiLv‡ì Icv‡i hvIqvi Avi
†Kv‡bv Dcvq wQj bv| BqvigyK hy‡×i lô w`b GB AvBbvj avKvi †e`Lj
n‡q hvIqvi Kvi‡Y evBRv›UvBbiv `yf©vM¨RbK wech©‡qi wkKvi n‡qwQj|
Aek¨ Av‡Mi cuvP w`‡bi evBRv›UvBb b„ksmZvi Kvi‡Y Lvwj‡ì wb‡`©kI
wQj †Kv‡bv hy×ew›` MÖn‡Yi Sv‡gjvq bv hvIqvi|
Z…ZxqZ, hy×‡¶‡Îi c~e© cÖv‡šÍ K¨v¤ú Kivq Lwjdv Dgi cÖwZw`b
mKv‡ji w`‡K †QvU †QvU `‡j wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U cvVv‡Z jvM‡jb| †QvU †QvU
GB `j¸‡jv B‡”Q K‡iB nBPB Avi XvK‡Xvj wcwU‡q Ggbfv‡e G‡m
gymjgvb K¨v‡¤ú †hvM w`Z †h mKv‡ji m~‡h©i Kvi‡Y evBRv›UvBbiv Zv‡ì
mwVK msL¨vUv Vvni Ki‡Z bv †c‡i µ‡gB AviI Aw¯’i n‡q DVZ|
wekvj evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbx K¨v¤ú Ki‡ZB Zv‡ì Avµg‡bi
mvaviY w`K (†Rbv‡ij wW‡iKkb Ad A¨vUvK) Avi m¤§yLfvM (d«‡›UR)
¯úó n‡q DVj; evBRv›UvBb ‡mbvevwnbxi ‡gvZv‡q‡bi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L
LvwjÌ gymjgvb evwnbxi ‡gvZv‡qb `ª“Z mgš^q K‡i wb‡jb| ZLbKvi
hy‡×I ‡iIqvR (bgm©) Abyhvqx hy‡×i P~ovšÍ w`b¶Y (wW †W) P~ovš—
nIqvi AvM ch©šÍ `yc¶B gy‡LvgywL Ae¯’vb wb‡q wbR wbR †iwK
(c«wZc‡¶i Ae¯’vb I msL¨v Rwic), iY cwiKíbv, AW©vim (iY
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Kibxq m¤ú‡K© ‡gŠwLK Av‡`k) Avi jwRw÷K weì
Avc (im` eë¯’vcbv) G g‡bv‡hvM w`j| GiB g‡a¨ fvnv‡bi Kv‡Q
†nivwK¬qv‡mi wb‡`©k G‡jv kvwšÍc~Y© Dcv‡q GB Sv‡gjv †gUv‡bvi me
Dcvq hvPvB K‡i †`Lvi Av‡MB †hb †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †nv÷vBwjwU
(AvµgbvZ¡K AvPiY) ïi“ bv Kiv nq|
5. AvµgY Kivi Rb¨ ‡mbvevwnbxi mvg‡bi ‡Lvjv RvqMv|
37
GiB avivevwnKZvq cÖ_‡g evBRv›UvBb †Rbv‡ij †MÖMwi G‡jv
gymjgvb K¨v‡¤ú Avey Devq`vi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z| evBRv›UvBb cÖ¯Íve wQj
†jfv›U †Q‡o †hb gymjgv‡biv Avi‡e wd‡i hvq, K_v w`‡Z n‡e Avi
KL‡bv †jfv›U `L‡ji †Póv Kiv n‡e bv| Avey Devq`v cÖ¯Íve wdwi‡q w`‡j
†MÖMwi wd‡i †Mj k~b¨ nv‡ZB| BD‡ivwcqvb †MÖMwii †P‡q cÖvP¨‡`kxq
Rvevjvn †ewk djcÖm~ n‡eb †f‡e Gici fvnvb cvVv‡jb Rvevjvn‡K,
wKš‘ djvdj GKB|
AMZ¨v gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi kw³ cix¶v Ki‡Z RyjvB‡qi †Mvovi
w`‡K fvnvb †di Rvevjvn‡K cvVv‡jb †iwK Bb‡dv‡m© 6| Rvevjvn
gymjgvb d«‡›U †cŠuQv‡ZB Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj Mv‡W©i Zygyj Avµg‡Yi gy‡L
c‡o wd‡i G‡jb| fvnvb eyS‡jb gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx mn‡RB wcQy nU‡e
bv| Gici AviI gvmLv‡bK `yc¶B hvi hvi K¨v‡¤ú e‡m iBj|
†nivwK¬qvm †Póv K‡i hvw”Qj cvwm©qvb m¤ªvU BqvR‡`MvW©‡K hy‡× ivwR
Kiv‡Z, Avi gymjgv‡biv ax‡i ax‡i kw³ e„w× KiwQj Avi‡ei wewfbœ cÖvšÍ
†_‡K †hv×v G‡b| AvM‡÷i wØZxq mßv‡ni †kl w`‡K fvnvb hy× ïi“
Kivi P~ovšÍ cÖ¯ÍywZ ïi“ Ki‡jb| Zvi Av‡M †klev‡ii g‡Zv wZwb hy×
Gwo‡q Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g G msKU mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z wZwb gymjgvb
wkwe‡i Av‡jvPbvi cÖ¯Íve cvVv‡jb| Avey Devq`v Gevi Lvwj`‡K cvVv‡jb
evBRv›UvBb K¨v‡¤ú Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨|
Av‡jvPbvi ïi“‡ZB fvnvb ej‡jb, ÒRvwb giæf~wgi Kómva¨ Rxeb
Avi ¶yavB †Zvgv‡ì wbR †`‡ki evB‡i †U‡b Av‡b evievi| Avgiv
†Zvgv‡ì RbcÖwZ 10 w`bvi K‡i w`w”Q, †`‡k wd‡i hvI| Avi AvMvgx
eQiI GKB cwigvY A_© gw`bvq cvwV‡q †Ìqvi cÖwZkÖæwZ w`w”Q|Ó ¶yä
Lvwj` †µva mvg‡j ej‡jb, ÒAvm‡j i‡³i wccvmvq Avgiv †`‡ki
evB‡i †ewi‡q Avwm, Avi ï‡bwQ †ivgvb i‡³i †P‡q my¯^v`y i³ Avi nq
bv| Avwg eis †Zvgv‡K wZbUv weKí w`w”Q, †Zvgvi cQ‡›ìUv ZywgB †e‡Q
bvI| nq Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡i gymjgvb n‡q hvI, bq‡Zv wRwRqv Ki
w`‡q wb‡Ri g‡Zv _v‡Kv, wKsev Avi mgq bó bv K‡i A¯¿aviY K‡iv Avi
Avgv‡ì hy‡× civwRZ K‡iv|Ó fvnvb †kl AckbUvB †e‡Q wb‡jb Avi
6. hy×‡¶Î ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z G‡m my‡hvM †c‡j †QvULv‡Uv kÎæ`j‡K civwRZ Kiv|
38
ciw`b mKvj †_‡KB hy× ïi“ n‡e e‡j K_v w`‡jb| ÔZ_v¯ÍyÕ e‡j Lvwj`
fvnv‡bi Zuvey †_‡K †ewi‡q gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi K¨v‡¤úi w`‡K cv
evov‡jb|
39
Aa¨vq Qq
BqvigyK iYv½‡b evBRv›UvBb ebvg gymjgvb ‡mbvevwnbx
AvaywbK hy‡× ÔwW-†WÕ Ges ÔGBP AvIqviÕ1 cÖwZc‡¶i KvQ †_‡K mh‡Zœ
jywK‡q ivLvi cvkvcvwk cÖK…Z ZvwiL Avi mgq m¤ú‡K© AZ¨š—
cwiKwíZfv‡e kÎy‡K weåvšÍ Kivi me iK‡gi †PóvB Kiv nq| ivZ Avi
`y‡h©vMc~Y© AvenvIqv‡K Avµg‡Yi Av`k© mgq Avi AcÖ¯ÍyZ kÎyi
Rgv‡q‡Zi (Kb‡m‡›U«kb) Ici AZwK©‡Z nvgjv‡K Av`k© iY‡KŠkj MY¨
Kiv nq| Aaybv hy‡× mywbw`©ó hy×‡¶Î ej‡Z wKQyB †bB| †mbvcwZ Avi
Awdmvi‡ì mevi Av‡M AvµgY Kiv nq ˆmb¨‡ì g‡a¨ wjWviwkc
µvBwmm2 ˆZwi Ki‡Z| GB GK hš¿Yvq cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i mgq †_‡K
hy×‡¶‡Î Awdmvi‡ì PKP‡K wcZ‡ji i¨vs‡Ki cwie‡Z© hy×‡¶‡Î
Kvc‡oi wdì i¨vsK cwiav‡bi cÖPjb n‡q †Mj; †hb `~i †_‡K kÎyi
mœvBcviiv Awdmvi‡ì mn‡RB wPwýZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
wKš‘ Av‡MKvi hy‡×i wKQy cÖ_v (bg©) wQj mwZ¨ †ek ivRwmK| †hgb
Dfq c‡¶i m¤§wZµ‡gB wbw`©ó hy×‡¶Î Avi hy× ïi“i w`b wbe©vPb Kiv
n‡Zv| †¶Îwe‡k‡l mKv‡j iYW¼v ev `vgvgv evwR‡q w`‡bi hy× ïi“
n‡Zv (wi‡fwj), g~jhy× ïi“i Av‡M c«wZc‡¶i P¨vw¤úqbiv gjøhy‡×
AeZxY© n‡Zv, hy× PjvKv‡j ev`¨hš¿ evwR‡q †hv×v‡ì Drmvn †Ìqv
n‡Zv; mvaviY ˆmbïv cÖwZc‡¶i †mbvcwZ ev ivRv‡ì mivmwi AvµgY
KiZ bv, Aek¨ †mbvcwZ ev ivRv‡ì D”P cÖwkw¶Z †`ni¶x‡ì †cwi‡q
Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bvI mvaviY c`vwZK †hv×v‡ì Rb¨ cÖvq `ytmva¨B
wQj| Avevi w`b‡k‡l `vgvgv-weDMj evwR‡q w`‡bi hy‡× BwZ †U‡b
ˆmbïv hvi hvi wkwe‡i wd‡i AvmZ (wiwU«U); Avi AwfRvZ †mbvevwnbxiv
iv‡Z mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv hy‡× wjß n‡Zv bv Ges kÎyi A‡MvP‡i kÎyi K¨v¤ú
†iBW KivUv Kvcyiæ‡lvwPZ e‡jB we‡ewPZ n‡Zv|
fvnvb Avi Lvwj‡ì wbõj Av‡jvPbv‡k‡l 15 AvM÷ 636 BqvigyK
hy‡×i ÔwW-†WÕ wba©vwiZ n‡q †Mj| Aek¨ Dfqc¶B BwZg‡a¨ hy‡×i P~ovšÍ
1. cÖwZc‡¶i Ici AvµgY ïiæ Kivi ZvwiL Avi mgq|

2. †bZ…‡Z¡i msK‡U hy×‡¶‡Î h_vh_ †bZ…Z¡ bv _vK‡j †RZv hy‡×I †n‡i em‡Z nq|
40
cÖ¯ÍywZ ïi“ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| e¨v‡Uj cÖwmwWD‡ii3 Ask wn‡m‡e KgvÛviiv
Zv‡ì wbR wbR e¨vUvwjq‡bi RvqMv †iwK4 K‡i wbj, Awdmviiv jv÷
AW©vim cvm5 Kivi ci ˆmb¨‡ì A¯¿-eg© Avi †Nvovi bvj ciL Kij,
ag©hvR‡Kiv fi‡cU †L‡q wb‡q †gvwU‡fkbvj w¯úP6 w`‡Z w`‡Z gy‡L †dbv
Zy‡j †djj| ivZ Mfxi nIqvi Av‡MB AvR me Av‡jv wb‡f ‡Mj| hy‡×i
Av‡Mi iv‡Z ˆmb¨‡ì ch©vß Nyg wbwðZ Ki‡Z wWDwU Awdmviiv Zuvey‡Z
Zuvey‡Z DuwK w`‡Z jvM‡jb| Avi wcÖq Kv‡iv ¯§„wZwPý gy‡Vvi †fZi
AuvK‡o a‡i ˆmbïv AÜKvi Zuveyi Qv‡ì w`‡K AcjK †P‡q †_‡K †_‡K
GKmgq Ny‡g X‡j coj| ïay †Rbv‡ijiv †R‡M _vK‡jb Mfxi ivZ
Aewa|
`xN© mvgwiK Rxe‡bi DÌvb-cZ‡bi †fZi w`‡q G‡KKRb
†Rbv‡i‡ji Rb¥| weMZ cÖwZwU hy‡× wb‡R‡K cÖgvY Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb e‡jB
AvR ch©šÍ Zviv RxweZ Ges †Rbv‡ij n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Avi †Rbv‡ij
e‡jB ciw`b mKvj †_‡K ïi“ n‡Z hvIqv hy×Uv wb‡q Zviv fxlYfv‡e
wPwšÍZ| wb‡Ri ˆcZ…K cÖvYUv euvPv‡bvi mnRvZ ZvwM‡`B hy×‡¶‡Î
e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q cÖ‡Z¨K †hv×v cÖvYc‡Y j‡o, wKš‘ m‡PZb Avi
Ae‡PZbfv‡e †m wek¦vm K‡i †h, Zvi KgvÛvi Avi †Rbv‡ij GB hy×
†RZvi Rb¨ †miv cwiKíbvUvB K‡i‡Qb; Ges w`b‡k‡l ZvivB wRZ‡Z
hv‡”Qb| G GK A‡gvN `vqe×Zv, hv cÖ‡Z¨K KgvÛvi Avi †Rbv‡ij‡K
mviv¶Y Zvov K‡i †eovq| cÖwZc¶ `yB †Rbv‡i‡ji †KDB Kv‡iv †P‡q
hy‡×i A¼ Kg †ev‡Sb bv| wKš‘ GKUv wbw`©ó mg‡q wKQy wbw`©ó
cvwicvwk¦©K ev¯ÍeZv KvD‡K wRwZ‡q †`q Avi †KD †n‡i e‡m| civwRZ
†Rbv‡ijI fv‡jv K‡iB Rv‡bb wVK Kx Kvi‡Y wZwb nvi‡Z hv‡”Qb, Avi
Kx Ki‡Z cvi‡j GB Ae¯’v †_‡KI wR‡Z †ei n‡q Avmv m¤¢e| wKš‘
ev¯Í‡e ZLb Avi †mB KiYxqUv Kivi g‡Zv †dvm ©(ˆmb¨mvgšÍ) A_ev
3. hy× ïiæi Av‡Mi wbqwgZ Kvh©µg|

4. †iKwb‡mÝ ev ms‡¶‡c †iwK gv‡b †Kv‡bv GjvKvq Awfhvb cwiPvjbvi Av‡M RvqMvwU
cwi`k©b I ciL K‡i †bIqv|
5. hy×‡¶‡Î cwiw¯’wZ m`v cwieZ©bkxj| ZvB me©‡kl cwiw¯’wZi wbwi‡L me©‡kl Av‡`k
ev jv÷ AW©vi AbyhvqxB ˆmwb‡Kiv KvR K‡i _v‡K|
6. Drmvne¨ÄK a‡g©vc‡`k|
41
wi‡mvm© (miÄvgvw`) Zvi nv‡Z _v‡K bv| GB ev¯ÍeZvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡ZB
cÖ‡Z¨K †Rbv‡ij hy‡×i me ch©v‡qB GKUv wiRvf© (msiw¶Z) †dvm© Avi
wi‡mvm© nv‡Z ivL‡Z Pvb, Avi cÖwZc‡¶i wiRvf© †dvm© A_ev wi‡mvm©Uv‡K
bó Kivi Rb¨ mviv¶Y Z‡° Z‡° _v‡Kb|
evBRv›UvBb wdì KgvÛvi fvnvb ˆmb¨msL¨vq Zvi cÖwZc‡¶i †P‡q
†Xi GwM‡q| Zvi ciI GB †ewjRv‡i›U †iwkIi myweav Zv‡K ¯^w¯Í w`‡Z
cvi‡Q bv| BD‡ivwcqvb, Av‡g©wbqvb, Avie BZ¨vw` wgwj‡q Ggb
eûRvwZK (†nUv‡iv‡Rbvm) evwnbx Kgv‡Ûi †Kv‡bv c~e©AwfÁZv Zvi †bB|
G‡gmvq †QvÆ GKUv gymjgvb evwnbxi m‡½ hy‡×i K_v e‡j G‡ì
†ewkifvM‡K Avbv n‡qwQj| G‡gmvq hy× K‡i gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡×
wRZ‡Z cvi‡j, †mB g‡bvej (†gvivj) ‡K cyuwR K‡i c‡ii K¨v‡¤úB‡b
wb‡q †h‡Z †Zgb mgm¨v n‡Zv bv| R‡qi Rb¨ †hgb g‡bvej Acwinvh©,
†Zgwb R‡qi †P‡q eo g‡bvej Avi wKQyB nq bv| wKš‘ a~Z© Lvwj‡ì
HwZnvwmK U¨vw±K¨vj wi‡Wcøq‡g‡›Ui wm×v‡š—i Kvi‡Y BqvigyK ch©šÍ
Avm‡Z Avm‡Z evBRv›UvBb †mbviv BwZg‡a¨B †ek K¬všÍ; A‡b‡KB evwo
†divi Rb¨ Db¥yL n‡q D‡V‡Q| Zv Qvov eûRvwZK evwnbx‡Z Zy”Q me
Kvi‡Y wb‡R‡ì †fZi bvbvb d¨vmv` †j‡MB _v‡K| Zvi Ici BD‡ivcxq
Avi Av‡g©bxq evBRv›UvBb †mbv‡ì GB êix Avie¨ †U‡iBb Avi
AvenvIqvq gvwb‡q †bIqvUvI Lye Riæwi|
GKB d¨vmv` evBRv›UvBb KgvÛvi‡ì ‡fZiI| †nivwK¬qvm Zvi
†Kvlva¨¶ wU«_ywiqvm‡K cvwV‡qwQ‡jb evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbxi ÷ª¨v‡UwRK
KgvÛvi wn‡m‡e, †hb †eZb-fvZv wb‡q ˆmb¨‡ì g‡b Ah_v mskq bv
†`Lv †`q| wKš‘ †mB wU«_ywiqvmB GLb fvnv‡bi Ici Lei`vwii †Póv
Ki‡Q| wLªóvb Avie ivRKygvi Rvevjvni †P‡q fv‡jv K‡i Avi †Kv‡bv
evBRv›UvBb KgvÛvi GB Avie¨ †U‡iBb †evSvi K_v bv, A_P Rvevjvni
†Kv‡bv K_vB BD‡ivwcqvb KgvÛviiv cvËv w`‡”Q bv| KgvÛvi‡ì GB
fyj-†evSveywS ˆmb¨‡ì g‡_¨ Awek¦vm Avi ¸R‡ei bZyb bZyb Wvjcvjv
MwR‡q P‡j‡Q| mvg‡b gymjgvb K¨v‡¤ú cÖwZw`bB `‡j `‡j †jvK †hvM
w`‡”Q| †cQ‡b `v‡g¯‹ cuvPUv wekvj evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbxi ik`
†RvMv‡Z wM‡q wngwkg Lv‡”Q| MÖx®§ cÖvq †kl, wkM&wMiB Lv`¨km¨ Avi
42
†Nvovi Lv‡`¨ Uvb co‡e| `v‡g‡¯‹i Mfb©i gbmyi BwZg‡a¨ fvnvb‡K
GKvwaKevi ZvMv`v w`‡q‡Qb hv Kivi ZvovZvwo Ki‡Z|
d«‡›U gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx mvKy‡j¨ wZb-Pvi dvB‡ji †ewk c`vwZK
ˆmb¨ ùvo Kiv‡Z cvi‡e bv, A_P Gi wecix‡Z evBRv›UvBb‡ì b~ ¨bZg
10 dvBj ˆmb¨ ùvov‡e| ZvB evBRv›UvBb I‡qU Ad A¨vUvK7 wb‡q
fvnv‡bi g‡b †Kv‡bv mskq †bB, gymjgvb d«›U AvµvšÍ nIqvi ci `yg‡o
hvIqvUv †¯ªd mg‡qi e¨vcvi gvÎ| wKš‘ me‡P‡q `yf©vebv Lvwj`‡K wb‡q,
Avi Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj MvW© wb‡qB hZ wecwË| fvnvb hwÌ Bb‡dw›U«
U¨vKwUK‡mB8 †ewk ¯^”Q›`, Aek¨ K¨vfvjwi wb‡q d¬¨vw¼s g¨vbyfv‡i
†ivgvbivI Kv‡iv †P‡q Kg hvq bv| wKš‘ Lvwj` Avevi GB K¨vfvjwi
U¨vKwUKm9 e¨vcviUvq AcÖwZØ›Øx| hy×‡¶‡Î AcÖZ¨vwkZ mg‡q
AcÖZ¨vwkZ w`K †_‡K G‡m nvwRi n‡q evwRgvZ Kivi GKvwaK †iKW©
Zvi Av‡Q|
Zv Qvov hy×‡¶‡Î Zvi wb‡Ri Ae¯’vbUvI fvnv‡bi wVK gbtc~Z n‡”Q
bv| mviv BqvigyK cÖvšÍ‡i GKUvB DuPy wUjv, †mUv Avevi gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbxi fv‡M c‡o‡Q| fvnv‡bi Rb¨ †gvUvgywU DuPy GKUv ¯’v‡b GKUv
DuPy gvPv Kiv n‡q‡Q Aek¨, wKš‘ †mUv Zvi Gq‡i Ad †dv‡m©i 10 wVK
¯‹qvi bv n‡q wKwÂr Wv‡b c‡o †M‡Q| d‡j hy‡×i mgq evBRv›UvBb evg
d¬¨v‡¼i hy‡×i AMÖMwZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv `yiƒn n‡q co‡e e‡jB g‡b n‡”Q|
GKivk D‡ØM Avi A¯^w¯Í wb‡q fvnvb Nyg bv Avmv ch©šÍ ZvB Zuveygq
Aw¯’i cvqPvwi Ki‡ZB _vK‡jb|
†mB Zyjbvq Lvwj` †ek dzidz‡i †gRv‡RB Av‡Qb| MZ GK gv‡m
cÖvq Qq nvRvi ˆm‡bï †d«k wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U G‡m‡Q| Gi †ewkifvMB
B‡q‡gwb wZi›`vR| ˆmb¨msL¨v †ewk ZvB ïi“ †_‡KB fvnvb
AvµgYvZ¥K (A‡dwÝf) jo‡eb, AZGe ïi“‡Z cÖwZ‡ivag~jK
(wW‡dwÝf) jovB Qvov Lvwj‡ì MZ¨šÍi †bB; AšÍZ cÖ_g `yB-wZb w`b
†Zv bqB| Ggb wW‡dwÝf e¨v‡U‡j cÖwZc‡¶ nZvn‡Zi msL¨v evov‡Z Avi
7. Avµg‡Yi cÖPÐZv|
8. c`vwZK iY‡KŠkj|
9. muv‡Rvqv iY‡KŠkj|
10. evwnbx¸‡jvi web¨vm|
43
kÎy‡K ax‡i ax‡i Kvwnj Ki‡Z Zxi›`vR‡ì ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| Zvi Ici
cÖvq GK nvRv‡ii g‡Zv mvnvwe cvwV‡q‡Qb Lwjdv Dgi, hv‡ì †fZi cÖvq
100 Rb e`‡ii hy‡×i †f‡Uivb (AwfÁ)| Avi Av‡Qb gnvbex (mv.)-Gi
AvZ¥xq Avey mywdqvb Ges Zvi ¯¿x wn›`| BqvigyK cÖvšÍ‡i G‡ì Dcw¯’wZi
Kvi‡Y gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi †gvivj Avi †gvwU‡fkb11 GLb Zy‡½|
gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi ÷ª¨v‡UwRK KgvÛvi Avey DevB`v Aw·jvwi
†dvm©12 wn‡m‡e wn›`-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgvb M„wnYx‡K K¨v‡¤ú c«¯—yZ
†i‡L‡Qb, †hb hy‡× AvnZ e¨w³‡ì `ªæZ ïkÖƒlv wbwðZ Kiv hvq, Avi
gymjgvb †hv×viv †hb wcQy nUvi K_v fve‡ZI bv cv‡ib| Aek¨
evBRv›UvBb I‡qU Ad A¨vUvK wb‡q LvwjÌ `ywðšÍvq Av‡Qb| we‡klZ
†MÖMwii BD‡ivwcqvb †mbvevwnbx †U÷y‡Wv d‡g©k‡b jo‡e| Giv mvg‡b
Avi Pvicv‡k g¨vb Uy g¨vb †kKj †eu‡a G‡Mvq, d‡j wKQyUv axi MwZ‡Z
G‡Mv‡jI G‡ì _vgv‡bv KwVb| Zv Qvov †kK‡ji Kvi‡Y K¨vfvjwi PvR©
K‡iI Lye GKUv myweav Kiv KwVb, KviY †kK‡j †eu‡a ïi“‡ZB †Nvov
†nuvPU †L‡q c‡o hvq|
LvwjÌ fv‡jv K‡iB Rv‡bb evBRv›UvBb A¨vUv‡Ki gy‡L gymjgvb
d«›U †Kv_vI-bv-†Kv_vI fvO‡eB| ZvB ivZ †R‡M wZwb KLb †Kv_vq
fvOb ai‡j Kxfv‡e †Kvb c‡_ Kx Ki‡eb, †mB Kw›U‡RwÝi wn‡me-wbKvk
Ki‡Z _vK‡jb|
15 AvM÷, 636| GK gvB‡ji wKQy Kg eëav‡b BqvigyK cÖvšÍ‡ii
†K‡›`ª evBRv›UvBb Avi gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx gy‡LvgywL ùvwo‡q †Mj|
evBRv›UvBb †ivgvb wjwRqb Zv‡ì my‡kvwfZ eg© -wki¯¿vY, is‡ei‡Oi
†iwR‡g›Uvj cZvKv Avi DuPy DuPy µyk †`wL‡q gymjgvb ˆmb¨‡ì †PvL
auvwa‡q w`j cÖvq| wKš‘ evBRv›UvBb ˆmb¨‡ì †Pv‡L gymjgvb ˆmb¨‡ì
cÖwZ mgxnI †PvL Govj bv Kv‡iv, wmwiqvb Avi cvwm©qvb K¨v‡¤úB‡b
Awek¦vm¨ gymjgvb mvd‡jï cwi‡cÖw¶‡ZB †h GB mgxn Zv Avi bZyb
K‡i e‡j w`‡Z nq bv|
11. †gvivj gv‡b hy× R‡qi evmbv Avi †gvwU‡fkb gv‡b †cÖlY|
12. mnvqZvKvix kw³|
44
cÖvq NÈvLv‡bK †Kv‡bv c¶B †Kv‡bv wµqv ev cÖwZwµqv †`Lvj bv|
Zvici nVvr evBRv›UvBb †m›Uvi †_‡K GKRb Awdmvi `yjwK Pv‡j Zvi
†Nvov QywU‡q gymjgvb †m›Uv‡ii w`‡K GwM‡q G‡jb| †mB mg‡q hy×
ïi“i Av‡M `yB c‡¶i P¨vw¤úqb †hv×viv Gfv‡eB `yB cÖwZc‡¶i gv‡Si
†bvg¨vbm j¨v‡Û G‡m cÖwZc‡¶i P¨vw¤úqb †hv×v‡ì Ø›Øhy‡× AvnŸvb
RvbvZ| gymjgvb P¨vw¤úqb‡ì ejv n‡Zv gyevwiRyb| evBRv›UvBb GB
Awdmv‡ii bvg RR©| gymjgvb †m›Uv‡ii KvQvKvwQ G‡m RR© Zvi †Nvov
_vwg‡q DuPy Mjvq Lvwj` web Iqvwj`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbv‡jb|
wKQy¶‡Yi †fZiB gymjgvb d«‡›Ui GKUv As‡k ˆmbïv `ycv‡k †P‡c
wM‡q c_ K‡i w`j, Avi †m-c‡_ Lvwj` Zvi †Nvovi wc‡V P‡o `„ß
c`‡¶‡c †ewi‡q G‡jb|
45
Aa¨vq mvZ
cÖ_g w`‡bi hy× : gyevwiRyb‡ì w`b
Lvwj` Zvi †Nvov wb‡q GwM‡q wM‡q R‡R©i †NvovUvi wVK mvg‡b wM‡q
_vg‡jb| AwfÁ `„wó‡Z Zviv G‡K Ab¨‡K bxi‡e gvc‡Z jvM‡jb| Avmbœ
Ø›Øhy‡× †K nvi‡e Avi †K wRZ‡e, †m-K_v †f‡e evBRv›UvBb Avi
gymjgvb, `yB d«›URy‡oB †b‡g G‡jv wcbcZb wb¯ÍäZv| wKš‘ nVvrB Db¥yL
`k©K‡ì me Ríbv-Kíbvq Rj †X‡j w`‡q Zviv `yRb eis AvjvcPvwiZvq
†g‡Z DV‡jb|
RR© Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb, Òï‡bwQ †Zvgvi Ck¦i bvwK ¯^M© †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì
bexi Rb¨ GKUv Zievwi cvwV‡qwQj, Avi †Zvgv‡ì bexwR bvwK †mUv
†Zvgv‡K w`‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb?Ó
R‡R©i †PvL †_‡K †PvL bv mwi‡q Lvwj` msw¶ß Reve w`‡jb, Òbv
†Zv|Ó
ÒZv n‡j †jv‡K †Kb †Zvgv‡K ÔmvBdyj vnÕ Wv‡K?Ó RR© K_v Pvwj‡q
†M‡jb|
Lvwj` ej‡jb, ÒAvgvi †bZ…‡Z¡ gyZvi hy‡× R‡qi msev` ï‡b
Avgv‡ì gnvbex (mv.) bvwK e‡jwQ‡jb †h Ae‡k‡l GKRb ÔmvBdyj vnÕ
hy‡×i nvj a‡i‡Q| †mB †_‡KB †jv‡K Avgv‡K ÔmvBdyj vnÕ WvK‡Z ïi“
K‡i‡Q|Ó
ÒAvgvi Rb¨ †Zvgvi civgk© Kx?Ó wØavwš^Z RR© Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb|
ÒKv‡jgv c‡ov, Avi gymjgvb n‡q hvI|Ó
Òhw` Zv bv n‡Z PvB?Ó
ÒZv n‡j wRwRqv Ki w`‡Z ivwR nI, Avgiv †Zvgv‡K wbivcËv
†è|Ó
ÒZv‡ZI hw` ivwR bv nB?Ó
Ò†m †¶‡Î Zievwi IVvI, G‡mv jovB ïi“ †nvK|Ó
RR© Lvwj‡ì cÖ¯Íve wb‡q wKQy¶Y †f‡e ej‡jb, ÒAvR‡Ki w`‡b †h
†Zvgvi a‡g© wek¦vm Avb‡e, Zvi Rb¨ Kx eë¯’v?Ó
46
Lvwj` m‡½ m‡½B Reve w`‡jb, ÒBmjv‡g mevB mgvb| †Zvgvi Rb¨
Avjv`v †Kv‡bv eë¯’v †bB| Zywg Bmjvg Keyj Ki‡j AvR Avgv‡ì cv‡k
mvaviY GKRb gymjgvb †hv×v wn‡m‡eB jo‡Z n‡e|Ó
RR© ej‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡K wek¦vm KiwQ Avi †Zvgvi ag©I MÖnY
Kijvg|Ó Gici `yB evwnbx‡KB nZevK K‡i w`‡q Lvwj` gymjgvb d«‡›Ui
w`‡K †Nvov Nywi‡q wd‡i Avm‡Z jvM‡jb, RR© Zv‡K AbymiY Ki‡jb|
RR© Aek¨ BqvigyK hy‡×i cÖ_g w`‡bi hy‡×B kwn` n‡qwQ‡jb|
cvðv‡Zï wLªóvb BwZnvmwe‡ìv Aek¨ G NUbv‡K KvíwbK e‡j Dwo‡q
†`b| Aek¨ Zviv cviZc‡¶ BqvigyK wb‡q Lye GKUv gyL Lyj‡Z Pvb bv|
Bwb‡qwewb‡q Zviv evBRv›UvBb ˆmb¨msL¨v hZUv cviv hvq Kwg‡q ej‡Z
fv‡jvev‡mb| GZ w`b ejv n‡Zv BqvigyK hy‡× 24 †_‡K 40 nvRvi
gymjgvb †mbvi wei“‡× j‡owQj 1 †_‡K 4 jvL evBRv›UvBb †mbv|
B`vbxs DBwKwcwWqvi `vwe gymjgvb 25 †_‡K 40 nvRvi Avi
evBRv›UvBb 80 nvRvi †_‡K †ò jvL| hv‡nvK AšÍZ GKUv mZ¨ Zviv
†g‡b wb‡q‡Q †h evBRv›UvBbiv msL¨vq gymjgvb‡ì †_‡K A‡bK †ewkB
wQj|
Avi R‡R©i Av‡MI Bûw` Avi wLªóvb‡ì A‡b‡KB A‡bK Kvi‡Y
†¯^”Qvq Bmjvg a‡g© ag©vš—wiZ© n‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| †hgb Ô†Rvbvn `¨
jvfviÕ-Gi Kvwnwb| gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx hLb Uvbv Qq gvm a‡i `v‡g¯‹
Ae‡iva K‡i †i‡LwQj, ZLb R‰bK wMÖK abKz‡ei gvK©v‡mi cyÎ †Rvbvni
we‡q †Mj AvU‡K| KviY GB Ae‡iv‡ai †fZi Zvi ney k¦ïi we‡qi K_v
gv_vqB AvbwQ‡jb bv| AMZ¨v iv‡M-`yt‡L †Rvbvn †`qvj Uc‡K Lvwj‡ì
Kv‡Q wM‡q Bmjvg Keyj K‡i e‡j w`‡jb †h 18 †m‡Þ¤î iv‡Z GK ag©xq
Abyôvb Dcj‡¶ kn‡ii cÖwZi¶v cÖvPx‡ii cvnvivq cÖnix‡ì msL¨v A‡bK
Kg _vK‡e| my‡hvMUv jy‡d wb‡q Lvwj` †m-iv‡ZB GKUv Kgv‡Ûv ÷vB‡j
nvgjv Pvjv‡jb| GKB mg‡q Avey DevB`vI kn‡ii cwðg cÖv‡šÍ
evBRv›UvBb‡ì m‡½ Av‡jvPbvq em‡jb| Av‡jvPbvi gvSLv‡b hLb Lei
Gj †h c~e© cÖvšÍ w`‡q gymjgvb ˆmbïv kn‡i Xy‡K †M‡Q, ZLb Avey
DevB`vi kZ© †g‡b wb‡Z evBRv›UvBbiv Avi wØgZ K‡iwb| Aek¨ †Rvbvn
Zvi evM`Ëv‡K Avi we‡q Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb Ges wZwbI Bqvigy K hy‡×
evBRv›UvBb‡ì m‡½ j‡o kwn` n‡qwQ‡jb|
47
hv‡nvK, Lvwj` Avi RR© wd‡i Avmvi ciciB gymjgvb P¨vw¤úqb
ÔgyevwiRybÕiv G‡K G‡K †bv g¨vbm j¨v‡Û wM‡q ùvov‡Z jvMj Avi
evBRv›UvBb Awdmvi‡ì P¨v‡jÄ Qy‡o w`‡Z jvMj| GB Mv Mig Kivi
gj hy× ev ÔIqvg© Avc Wy‡qjÕ¸‡jvi djvdj Rvbvi Av‡M mgq n‡q‡Q
`yB evwnbxi †gvZv‡qb m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi| †Kbbv hy×‡¶‡Î `yB evwnbxi
†gvZv‡qb m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi aviYv Qvov hy‡×i AMÖMwZ Avi ÔU¨vKwUK¨vj
†gbyfviÕ¸‡jv covi gRvUvB bó n‡q hv‡e|
12Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx †dvm© †Pbvi c×wZ
fvnvb gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× c~e© w`‡K gyL K‡i Zvi evwnbx
ùvo Kiv‡jb| d«‡›Ui ˆ`N¨© ùv ovj cÖvq 12 gvBj| wZwb †h †Kv‡bv
Kvi‡YB †nvK ÔUª¨vwWkbvj evBRv›UvBb †Wcøq‡g›U c¨vUb©Õ d‡jv bv K‡i
mvg‡b PviUv †mbvevwnbx †i‡L d«›U mvRv‡jb Ges PviUvB c`vwZK cÖavb
†mbvevwnbx| mvaviYZ evBRv›UvBb †Rbv‡ijiv hy‡×i gvSLv‡b c`vwZK
evwnbx †i‡L `yB cv‡k K¨vfjwi Ak¦v‡ivnx‡ì ivL‡Zb| G‡Z A‡c¶vK…Z
†ewk gwewjwU1 Avi d¬¨vw¼s †gbyfv‡ii2 myweav cvIqv †hZ| wKš‘ fvnvb
Zvi K¨vfvjwi‡K mgvb Pvi fv‡M fvM K‡i Pvi c`vwZK †mbvevwnbxi
†cQ‡b wiRvf© wn‡m‡e ivL‡jb|
1. evwnbx¸‡jvi PjvP‡ji MwZ|

2. kÎæ‡K mvg‡b †_‡K AvU‡K †i‡L Wvb ev euv cvk w`‡q AvµgY Kiv|
48
13Uª¨vwWkbvj evBRv›UvBb †Wcøq‡g›U
PviwU †mbvevwnbx wb‡q hLb d«›U MVb Kiv nq, ZLb Wvb Avi ev‡gi
†mbvevwnbx‡K e‡j ivBU Avi †jdU DBs, Ges gv‡Si `yB †mbvevwnbx‡K
e‡j †m›Uvi| Avevi †m›Uv‡ii Wv‡bi †mbvevwnbx‡K e‡j ivBU †m›Uvi
Avi ev‡giUv †jdU †m›Uvi| evBRv›UvBb †jdU DBs‡qi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb
†Rbv‡ij KvbvwZi Avi ivBU DBs‡q †Rbv‡ij †MÖMwi, †jdU †m›Uv‡i
†Rbv‡ij `vBiRvb Avi ivBU †m›Uv‡i fvnvb wb‡R| Aek¨ fvnvb †h‡nZy
mvwe©K †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb, ZvB †MvUv evBRv›UvBb †m›Uvi `vBiRvb GKvB
mvgjvw”Q‡jb| wcÖÝ Rvevjvn Zvi †Nvov Avi D‡Ui evwnbx wb‡qwQ‡jb Pvi
evwnbxi mvg‡b w¯Œb3 Avi ¯‹vwg©kvi4 wn‡m‡e|
3. wbR g~j †mbv`‡ji KvQ †_‡K kÎæi ch©‡e¶Y`j¸‡jv `~‡i ivL‡Z Ges kÎæi
AZwK©ZAvµgY wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ †VwK‡q w`‡q wbR g~j †mbv`j‡K cÖ¯ÍyZ nIqvi mgq
w`‡Z g~j evwnbxi mvg‡b †PŠKm ˆmb¨‡ì mgš^‡q w¯Œb †mbv`j †gvZv‡qb _v‡K|
4. w¯Œ‡bi g‡ZvB †mbv`j, Z‡e Giv AvµgYvZ¥K †mbv`j, my‡hvM †c‡j kÎæi
ch©‡e¶YKvix †mbv`j‡K avIqv K‡i _v‡K|
49
14Bqvigy‡L `yB evwnbxi †Wcøq‡g›U
evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi KgvÛvi‡ì bvg Rvbv hvqwb| Z‡e Zv‡ì

fvix Avi nvjKv `yB ai‡bi K¨vfvjwiB wQj| fvix K¨vfvjwi‡Z †hv×v
Avi †Nvov `y‡UvB eg© w`‡q Ggbfv‡e †gvov‡bv _vKZ †h Nv‡qj Kiv
`y®‹i| Aek¨ e‡g©i IR‡bi Kvi‡Y G‡ì MwZI A‡c¶vK…Z Kg wQj, wKš‘
hy×‡¶‡Î G‡ì Dcw¯’wZi cÖfve wQj `y`©všÍ| †mB Zyjbvq nvjKv
K¨vfvjwi wQj A‡bK †eMevb Avi Zviv †Nvovi wc‡V †_‡KB wZi Pvjv‡Z
`¶ wQj|
50
15evBRv›UvBb g¨vby‡qj Abyhvqx BDwbU K‡¤úvwRkb
d«‡›Ui c`vwZK BDwbU¸‡jvi (evwnbx) cÖ_g wZb-Pvi mvwi c`vwZK

ˆmbïv ùvovZ, Zvi †cQ‡b wZb-Pvi mvwi Zxi›`vRiv, Zvi †cQ‡b AviI
wZb mvwi fvix c`vwZK ˆmb¨| evBRv›UvBb GB c`vwZK BDwbU¸‡jv
Ae¯’v‡f‡` PgrKvi me d‡g©k‡b jo‡Z cviZ| wbw`©ó ms‡K‡Z wW«j
Abyhvqx `ªæZ `yB cv‡k m‡i wM‡q †cQb †_‡K K¨vfvjwi‡K mvg‡b Avmvi
iv¯Ív K‡i w`‡Z cviZ, †K¬vR d‡g©k‡b5 wZi †VKv‡Z cviZ, Avevi kÎyi
K¨vfvjwi AvµgYI †VwK‡q w`‡Z cviZ|
wZi›`vRiv GKm‡½ `yB A¨v‡½‡j wZi QyoZ| GK`j Ô†jv A¨v‡½‡jÕ
kÎyi nuvUy-eivei Avi Zv‡ì †cQ‡b Av‡iK `j GKB mg‡q ÔnvB
A¨v‡½‡jÕ gv_v-eivei|6 DbœZ cÖwkw¶Z bv n‡j Ggb GK‡hv‡M Avmv
wZ‡ii wei“‡× GKUv gvÎ wkì ev Xvj w`‡q `yB A¨v‡½‡ji wZi †VKv‡bv
†h †Kv‡bv kÎyevwnbxi Rb¨B †ek KwVb n‡Zv|
5. Mv †Nu‡l ùvwo‡q Xvj¸‡jv me QvZvi g‡Zv a‡i|

6. 45 wWwMÖi Kg A¨v‡½j‡K e‡j †jv A¨v‡½j Avi †ewk n‡j nvB A¨v‡½j| †jv A¨v‡½‡j
mvg‡bi mvwii ˆmb¨‡ì Avi nvB A¨v‡½‡j g‡aï Avi †cQ‡bi mvwii ˆmb¨‡ì
AvµgY Kiv n‡Zv|
51
16evBRv›UvBb wW‡dwÝf d‡g©kb
evBRv›UvBb GB †gvZv‡q‡bi wecix‡Z Lvwj` Zvi †mbvevwnbx‡K

PviUv evwnbx‡Z fvM K‡i cÖwZwU evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbxi gy‡LvgywL GKUv
K‡i evwnbx ùvo Kiv‡jb| gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi †jdU DBs‡q †Rbvij
†MÖMwii wecix‡Z _vK‡jb †Rbv‡ij BqvwR`, †jdU †m›Uv‡i Avey Devq`v,
ivBU †m›Uv‡i myivwej, Avi me‡P‡q SyuwKc~Y© ivBU DBs‡q †Rbv‡ij
KvbvwZ‡ii wei“‡× _vK‡jb †Rbv‡ij Avgi web Avm|
Lvwj` Zvi †MvUv K¨vfvjwi †dvm©‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM Ki‡jb| Zvici
`yB DBs‡q `y‡Uv BDwbU Avi †MvUv †m›Uv‡ii Rb¨ GKUv BDwbU KgvÛvi
Kv‡qm, gvqmviv Avi Avwg‡ii nv‡Z Zy‡j w`‡jb| Aewkó GKUv BDwbU
ivL‡jb wiRvf© wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri Aax‡b, Rviivi _vK‡jb GB †gvevBj
Mv‡W©i Dc-AwabvqK wn‡m‡e|
gymjgv‡biv ZLb ch©šÍ g~jZ ÔZvweqvÕ d‡g©k‡b wW‡dwÝf ev cÖwZi¶v
hy× joZ, Avi ÔK¡vi Iqv dviÕ U¨vKwUK‡m AvµgY KiZ| Zvweqv
d‡g©k‡b ˆmbïv †ivgvb Ô†U÷y‡WvÕ d‡g©k‡bi g‡ZvB Nb n‡q ùvovZ, †hb
d«‡›U AvµgYKvix kÎy mn‡RB fvOb aiv‡Z bv cv‡i| BqvigyK hy‡×i
cÖ_g Pvi w`b GB d‡g©k‡bB gymjgv‡biv G‡Ki ci GK evBRv›UvBb
52
AvµgY iæ‡L w`‡qwQj| Avi ÔK¡vi Iqv dviÕ gv‡b ÔwnU A¨vÛ ivbÕ
†KŠkj| GB c×wZ‡Z gymjgv‡biv †QvU †QvU `‡j `ªæZ GwM‡q wM‡q kÎyi
Ici nvg‡j coZ| Gici kÎy mvg‡j IVvi Av‡MB Avevi `ªæZ `~‡i m‡i
AvmZ| Gfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK AvµgY K‡i, kÎy‡K `ye©j K‡i wb‡q
me‡k‡l K¨vfvjvwi PvR© K‡i kÎy‡K aŸsm Kiv n‡Zv|
17`yc¶B mviv d«‡›U‡R gy‡LvgywL ùvovj
`yc¶B mviv d«‡›U‡R gy‡LvgywL ùvovj| Aek¨ gymjgv‡biv

evBRv›UvBb‡ì 15 †_‡K 30 dvBj Mfxi d«‡›Ui mgvb d«›U AUyU ivL‡Z
wM‡q mvK‡j¨ wZb mvwi ch©šÍ ˆmb¨ ùvo Kiv‡Z cvij| gymjgvb‡ì
†cQ‡b AvRiv cvnv‡oi mvwi GKUv wekvj Ôgivj d¨v±iÕ7 wn‡m‡e _vKj,
KviY †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y wcQy nU‡Z n‡j GB cvnv‡oi mvwi‡Z Xy‡K hvIqv
hv‡e| wKš‘ evBRv›UvBb‡ì †cQ‡b Mfxi Iqvw` Di ivK¡v` _vKvq Zv‡ì
wcQy nUvi c_ eÜ| Aek¨ evBRv›UvBbiv wcQy nUvi K_v fve‡QI bv, wKš‘
Iqvw` Di ivK¡v`‡K ÔGbwfjÕ a‡i GKUv Ôn¨vgvi A¨vÛ GbwfjÕ8 gyf
Lvwj‡ì gv_vq ïi“ †_‡KB NyicvK Lv‡”Q|
hv‡nvK, gymjgvb gyevwiRyb‡ì Wv‡K mvov w`‡q G‡Ki ci GK
evBRv›UvBb Awdmvi Avi P¨vw¤úqbiv Ô†bvg¨vbm j¨v‡ÛÕ GwM‡q G‡jv Avi
gyevwiRyb‡ì nv‡Z gviv co‡Z jvMj| `ycyi ch©šÍ Pjv Gme Wy‡q‡j
7. Aby‡cÖiYvi Drm|
8. GKUv wbw`©ó d«‡›U kÎæ‡K AvU‡K †d‡j Ab¨ GKUv evwnbx w`‡q AvU‡K cov kÎæ‡K
AvµgY Kiv|
53
Avãyi ingvb web Avwe eKi GKvB cuvPRb evBRv›UvBb Awdmvi KZj
K‡i w`‡bi †kÖô gyevwiRyb n‡q †M‡jb|
Gfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡j hy× ïi“i Av‡MB cÖPyi Awdmvi gviv co‡e
Avi ˆmb¨‡ì g‡bve‡ji IciI `viæY †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡e ey‡S fvnvb
nVvrB Avµg‡Yi wm×vš— wb‡jb| wKš‘ cÖ_g w`‡bB wZwb wWmvBwmf9
†Kv‡bv Avµg‡Y †h‡Z PvB‡jb bv; eis Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj gymjgvb d«‡›Ui
kw³ hvPvB Kiv Avi wb‡Ri ˆmb¨‡ì e¨v‡Uj dzwUs‡q 10 Avbv|
evBRv›UvBb Pvi †mbvevwnbxiB Zv‡ì 30 dvB‡ji cÖ_g 10 dvBj
K‡i Avµg‡Y cvVv‡jb| Zviv gymjgvb wZi›`vR‡ì †i‡Ä 11 Avm‡ZB
gymjgvb wZi›`vRiv wZi wb‡¶c ïi“ Kij| wKš‘ Zv‡Z evBRv›UvBbiv
`gj bv| Gici ïi“ n‡jv `yc‡¶i c`vwZK ˆmb¨‡ì †fZi m¤§yLhy×|
mÜ¨v Aewa hy× Pjj, fvnvb Zvi c`vwZK‡ì wiBb‡dvm© Ki‡jb bv|
AZGe w`b‡k‡l gymjgv‡biv Zv‡ì d«›U AUyU ivL‡Z mg_© n‡jv, Avi
evBRv›UvBbiv nZvnZ‡ì wb‡q wb‡R‡ì Av‡Mi Ae¯’v‡b wd‡i †Mj|
9 . wbw`©ó djvd‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨|

10. hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ|
11. †i‡Ä Avmv gv‡b wbw`©ó A‡¯¿i AvNv‡Zi AvIZvq Avmv|
54
18cÖ_g w`‡bi hy× (15 AvM÷, 636)
iv‡Z fvnvb Zvi Iqvi KvDwÝji‡ì wb‡q ciw`‡bi hy×-cwiKíbvq

em‡jb| fvnvb PvB‡jb ciw`b †fv‡ii Av‡jv †dvUvi Av‡MB,
gymjgv‡biv hLb dR‡ii bvgv‡R e¨¯Í _vK‡e, wVK ZLbB GKUv ÔWb
A¨vUvKÕ12 Ki‡Z| g~j cwiKíbv n‡jv †Rbv‡ij `vBiRvb Zvi †m›Uvi
†dvm© w`‡q Avey Devq`v Avi myivwe‡ji evwnbx‡K †m›Uv‡iB Gb‡MRW
ivL‡eb| †Rbv‡ij †MÖMwi Avi KvbvwZi Zv‡ì `yB DBs w`‡q GKB mg‡q
g~j AvµgY Ki‡eb; †gBb G‡dvU©13 n‡e gymjgvb ivBU DBs‡qi Avgi
web Av‡mi evwnbx‡K nwU‡q †Ìqv A_ev myivwe‡ji ivBU †m›Uv‡ii w`‡K
cyk K‡i K¨vfvjvwi PvR© K‡i hy× †kl Kivi|
ciw`b BqvigyK hy‡×i wØZxq w`b mKv‡jB dR‡ii bvgvR covi
mgqB gymjgv‡biv `vgvgvi kã ïb‡Z †cj| gymwjg w¯Œ‡bi ˆmbïv `ªæZ
12. iv‡Zi Auvav‡i Pywcmv‡i cÖ¯ÍywZ wb‡q, w`‡bi Av‡jv dzU‡ZB Suvwc‡q c‡o AvµgY|
13. GKB mgq GKvwaK ¯’vb w`‡q AvµgYKv‡j †h ¯’vb w`‡q kÎæ‡K nvwi‡q †Ìqvi
cwiKíbv _v‡K| kÎæi ˆmb¨ mgv‡e‡ki NbZ¡ †`‡L †gBb G‡dvU© AuvP Kiv hvq|
55
†Nvov QywU‡q G‡m Rvbvj †h evBRv›UvBbiv d«›URy‡o GK‡hv‡M Ôd«›Uvj
A¨vUvKÕ14 Ki‡Z GwM‡q Avm‡Q|
14. mivmwi mvg‡b †_‡K AvµgY|
56
Aa¨vq AvU
wØZxq w`‡bi hy× : c«wZ‡iva hy‡× AwØZxq ‡mbvcwZ Lvwj`
73 eQi eqwm Avey mywdqvb Zvi `xN© Rxe‡b AmsLëvi hy‡×i Rb¨ A¯¿
aviY K‡i‡Qb, m¤§yLhy‡×i AwfÁZv ZvB Zvi Rb¨ bZyb wKQy bv| wKš‘
†Rbv‡ij †MÖMwii g‡Zv †ivgvb auv‡P jovB Kiv cÖwZc¶ wZwb GB cÖ_g
†gvKvwejv Ki‡Qb| fvix Avi j¤^v wk‡ì mw¾Z evBRv›UvBb GB ˆmbïv
cvkvcvwk GKR‡bi m‡½ Av‡iKR‡bi wkì †Rvov jvwM‡q GZUvB †K¬vRW
d‡g©k‡b1 G‡Mv‡”Q †h †`L‡j g‡b nq GKUv wb‡iU †`qvj GwM‡q
Avm‡Q| †mB †`qv‡ji duv‡K duv‡K Zv‡ì ek©vi j¤^v djv †ei n‡q
mKv‡ji †iv‡` SKgK Ki‡Q|
gymjgvb Zxi›`vR‡ì d¬üv Uª¨v‡R±wi‡Z2 †Qvov wZi †Kv‡bv Kv‡RB
Avm‡Q bv| Avi nvB A¨v‡½‡j3 wZi †Qvov gvÎ kÎyi cÖ_g mvwii †cQ‡bi
mevB hvi hvi Xvj gv_vi Ici Zy‡j w`‡q K”Q‡ci †Lv‡ji g‡Zv wb‡R‡ì
†X‡K †dj‡Q| †MÖMwii evBRv›UvBb ˆmbïv Lye axiMwZ‡Z wKš‘
weiwZnxbfv‡e GwM‡q Avm‡Q|
BqvwR‡ì K¡vi Iqv dvi KvD›Uvi A¨vUvKI4 †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Avm‡Q
bv| KviY KvD›Uvi A¨vUv‡K †h‡Z ïi“ Kiv gvÎ †MÖMwii mvg‡bi mvwii
ˆmbïv nuvUy †M‡o e‡m Zv‡ì wk‡ìi †`qvj Xvjy K‡i †cQ‡bi
wZi›`vR‡ì mvg‡b †`Lvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡ZB wZi›`vRiv e„wói g‡Zv wZi
Qyo‡Q `yB A¨v‡½‡jB| Zvi ciI hw` †Z‡odzu‡o I‡ì mvg‡b †cŠuQv‡bv
hvq ZLb I‡ì wk‡ìi †`qv‡j AuvKv co‡Z nq| gymjgvb †hv×v‡ì †KD
gvwU‡Z c‡o hvIqv gvÎ Iiv wkì GKUy Ic‡i Zy‡j Zv‡K †fZ‡i †U‡b
wb‡q †di wkì bvwg‡q †`q| Avi K¨vfvjwi PvR© K‡i †Nvov wb‡q
evBRv›UvBb‡ì GB wk‡ìi †`qvj †f` Kiv †M‡jI I‡ì I‡ì mvg‡bi
mvwii ‰mb¨‡ì GKR‡bi mv‡_ Ab¨R‡bi ‡Kvg‡i evuav wkK‡j †nuvPU
†L‡q †Nvov D‡ë ˆmb¨ nviv‡Z n‡”Q|
1. Nb n‡q, G‡K A‡bï Kuv‡a Kuva jvwM‡q G‡Mv‡bv|

2. 45 wWwMÖi wb‡P|
3. 45 wWwMÖi Ic‡i|
4. AvµvšÍ n‡q cÖwZ-AvµgY Kiv|
57
GKgvÎ myweav Kiv hv‡”Q Iiv hLb GwM‡q G‡m AvµgY Ki‡Q
ZLb| KviY GKgvÎ ZLbB wk‡ìi †`qvj AvjMv n‡j I‡ì dvB‡ji
†fZi Xy‡K nvZvnvwZ Zievwi Pvjv‡bv hv‡”Q| wKš‘ Avµg‡Y Avmvi Av‡M
evBRv›UvBbiv †h cwigvY wZi Qyo‡Z Qyo‡Z Av‡m Zv‡Z Zvweqv d‡g©k‡b
gymwjg d«›U AUyU ivLvB `y®‹i| ZvB `ycyi Mov‡bvi Av‡MB gymjgvb †jdU
DBs wcQy nU‡Z eva¨ n‡jv|
19Bqvigy‡Li hy× : wØZxq w`b : evBRv›UvBb AvµgY ce
Iw`‡K gymjgvb ivBU DBs‡q †Rbv‡ij Avgi web Av‡mi evwnbxi

Ae¯’v AviI †kvPbxq| dR‡ii Iqv‡³ evBRv›UvBbiv GwM‡q Avm‡Z
ïi“ Ki‡ZB ZwoNwo K‡i mevB hvi hvi Ae¯’v‡b wM‡q ùvwo‡qwQj|
fvwM¨m evBRv›UvBbiv Ggb Ki‡Z cv‡i †f‡e iv‡ZB Lvwj` †bvg¨vbm
j¨vÛ eivei AvDU †cv‡÷i5 kw³ evwo‡qwQ‡jb| GivB mKv‡j
5. cÖniv †PŠwK|
58
evBRv›UvBb AMÖvwfhvbUv A‡bKLvwb kø_ K‡i w`‡q gymjgvb g~j evwnbx‡K
cÖ¯ÍyZ nIqvi Rb¨ wKQyUv †ewk mgq G‡b w`‡qwQj| d‡j gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbx‡K AcÖ¯ÍyZ Ae¯’vq Avµg‡Yi evBRv›UvBb cwiKíbvUv †f‡¯Í
†Mj|
avIqv-cvëvavIqv Avi nvZvnvwZi gva¨‡g evBRv›UvBb †m›Uvi
gymjgvb †m›Uvi‡K e¨¯Í ivLj †fvi †_‡KB| wKš‘ gymjgvb `yB DBs
eivei Zviv cÖPÐ AvµgY Ki‡Z jvMj| `ycy‡ii Av‡MB †Rbv‡ij
KvbvwZi cici wZbevi †Rbv‡ij Avg‡ii evwnbx‡K AvµgY K‡i
‡djj| cÖ_g `y‡Uv AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi ci Z…Zxqevi Avg‡ii Kv‡Q
d«›U jvBb mvgjv‡bvi wKsev KvD›Uvi A¨vUvK Kivi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv evowZ
†jvKej Aewkó _vKj bv| AMZ¨v Zvi d‡g©k‡b fvOb aij Avi
gymjgvb ivBU DBs wcQy nU‡Z ïi“ Kij| Ggb mgq KvbvwZi †di
AvµgY K‡i GwM‡q Avm‡ZB gymjgvb ivBU DBs ûogyo K‡i †f‡O
coj| Ggb mgq Avgi Zvi K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©6 wb‡qvM K‡i GKUv
KvD›Uvi A¨vUvK Kivi †Póv Ki‡jb| wKš‘ †mB A¨vUvK evBRv›UvBbiv
mn‡RB cÖwZnZ K‡i w`j|
gymjgvb K¨vfvjwii KvD›Uvi A¨vUvK wed‡j †Mj †`‡L gymjgvb
c`vwZK ˆmbïvI me EaŸ©k¦v‡m Zv‡ì K¨v‡¤úi w`‡K cvjv‡Z ïi“
Kij| mevi Av‡M K¨v‡¤ú †cŠuQvj †NvomIqviiv Ges GB Ae¯’vq K¨v‡¤ú
_vKv gymjgvb bvixiv Zuveyi WvÛv Avi cv_i wb‡q Zv‡ì Ici PovI
n‡jb| ¯¿x‡ì mvgjv‡bvi †P‡q evBRv›UvBb‡ì †gvKvwejv Kiv wbtm‡›`‡n
mnRZi| Zv Qvov Zv‡ì ¯¿x-mšÍv‡biv wKQy¶‡Yi †fZiB evBRv›UvBb‡ì
Øviv wbM„nxZ n‡Z hv‡”Q †`‡L Avg‡ii ˆmbïv hy×‡¶‡Î wd‡i †Mj|
cÖvq GKB mg‡q gymwjg †jdU DBs‡q †Rbv‡ij BqvwR‡ì K¨vfvjwi
KvD›Uvi A¨vUvKI e¨_© n‡jv Avi Zvi ˆmbïvI cvjv‡Z ïi“ Kij| GB
cjvq‡b mevi mvg‡b wQ‡jb e„× Avey mywdqvb Ges wZwb K¨v‡¤úi Kv‡Q
†cŠuQv‡ZB gymjgvb bvix‡ì †`Lv †c‡jb| Zv‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb ZviB ¯¿x
wn›` web‡Z DZev| wn›` Zvi ¯^vgx Avey mywdqvb‡K ‡`Lv gvÎ cv_i Qyo‡Z
Qyo‡Z Dû‡ì hy‡× MvIqv MvbUv Avevi †M‡q DV‡jb|
6. msiw¶Z Ak¦v‡ivnx `j|
59
We are the daughters of the night ;
We move among the cushions
With a gentle feline grace
And our bracelets on our elbows.
If you advance we shall embrace you;
And if you retreat we shall forsake you
With a loveless separation.
AMZ¨v Avey mywdqvb mgq bó bv K‡i d«‡›Ui w`‡K †Nvovi gyL

†Nviv‡jb| Gevi Zv‡ì m‡½ gymjgvb wKQy bvixI Pj‡jb d«‡›Ui c‡_|
bvix †hv×v‡ìmn Avey mywdqvb‡K wdi‡Z †`‡L BqvwR‡ì †jdU DBs
†di †R‡M DVj|
gymjgvb ˆmbïv d«‡›U wdi‡ZB Lvwj` Avgi Avi BqvwR`‡K hvi hvi
Ae¯’v‡b †_‡KB wbR wbR d«›U a‡i ivLvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| BqvwR` Avi
Avgi me©kw³ w`‡q evBRv›UvBb‡ì AMÖvwfhvb iæ‡L w`‡q Lvwj‡ì
cieZ©x wb‡`©‡ki A‡c¶vq _vK‡jb|
evBRv›UvBbiv gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi GB bZyb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L _g‡K
†Mj| Ae‡k‡l ZvivI bZyb K‡i Av‡iKUv AvµgY ïi“ Kivi cÖ¯ÍywZ
wb‡Z jvMj| GKUv AvµgY‡k‡l †cQb †_‡K ZvRv ˆmb¨ G‡b bZyb
Av‡iKUv AvµgY ïi“ Ki‡Z †ek LvwbKUv mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Avi
Lvwj` †mB my‡hvMUvB wb‡Z PvB‡jb|
cÖ_‡gB wZwb ivBU DBs K¨vfvjwi KgvÛvi Kv‡qm‡K Zvi K¨vfvjwi
†iwR‡g›U wb‡q Avg‡ii evwnbxi †cQb w`K w`‡q Ny‡i KvbvwZ‡ii evwnbxi
evg d¬¨v‡¼ cvwV‡q w`‡jb| Gici wb‡R †gvevBj MvW© wb‡q KvbvwZ‡ii
evwnbxi Wvb d¬¨v‡¼ Ae¯’vb wb‡jb Ges GK‡hv‡M `yB w`K †_‡K
K¨vfvjwi PvR© Ki‡jb| my‡hvM ey‡S AvgiI mvg‡b †_‡K nvgjv Ki‡jb|
gyn~‡Z©i †fZi wÎgyLx Avµg‡Y KvbvwZ‡ii d«›U Avi DBs `yg‡o †Mj Avi
nZwenŸj KvbvwZi Zvi †mbvevwnbx‡K wcQy nUvi wb‡`©k w`‡Z eva¨ n‡jb|
Avg‡ii evwnbx evBRv›UvBb‡ì wcQy avIqv K‡i †M‡jb Ges mKv‡j †h
jvB‡b hy× ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb, †mLvb Aewa wM‡q †_‡g †M‡jb|
60
evBRv›UvBbivI Zv‡ì jvB‡b wd‡i wM‡q wb‡R‡ì ¸wQ‡q †bIqvi †Póv
Kij|
20Bqvigy‡Li hy× : 16 AvM÷, 636 : wØZxq w`b : Avg‡ii evwnbx‡K D×vi
gymjgvb ivBU DBs mvg‡j wb‡q Lvwj` Gevi Zvi †gvevBj MvW© wb‡q
gymjgvb †jdU DBs‡q BqvwR‡ì evwnbxi w`‡K QyU‡jb| BwZg‡a¨
BqvwR` Zvi K¨vfvjwi wiRvf© KgvÛvi Avwgi web Zydvwqj‡K †MÖMwii
evwnbxi ev‡g cvwV‡q w`‡jb, †hb Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj MvW© †MÖMwii evwnbxi
Wvb d¬¨v‡¼ Avµg‡Yi my‡hvM cvq|
Lvwj` Av›`vR K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb †h KvbvwZ‡ii evwnbx‡K `yB DBs
†_‡K K¨vfvjwi wb‡q Avµg‡Yi LeiUv BwZg‡a¨ fvnv‡bi Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q
†M‡Q Ges †MÖMwii †¶‡ÎI †hb Lvwj` †mB my‡hvM bv cvb fvnvb ZvB
wbwðZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡eb| ZvB Avg‡ii DBs †_‡K BqvwR‡ì DBs G
Avmvi c‡_B wZwb fvnvb‡K †auvKv w`‡Z Zvi †gvevBj Mv‡W©i Dc-
AwabvqK Rviivi‡K GK †iwR‡g›U †NvomIqvi wb‡q Avey Devq`v Avi
61
BqvwR‡ì evwnbxi gvSLvb w`‡q Xy‡K c‡o evBRv›UvBb ivBU †m›Uv‡ii
GKcv‡k AvµgY Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡jb|
gymjgvb Avi evBRv›UvBb †m›Uvi †mB mKvj †_‡KB †bvg¨vbm j¨vÛ
eivei jo‡Q| wKš‘ †MÖMwi BwZg‡a¨ BqvwR‡ì evwnbx‡K A‡bKUvB
wcwQ‡q G‡b‡Qb| d‡j ‡m›Uvi Avi DBs Gi g‡a¨ mvgwqKfv‡e ‰Zix
nIqv GB dvuKv RvqMv w`‡q †di Lvwj` AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡ib, GgbwK
†MÖMwii evwnbx‡K evBRv›UvBb g~j evwnbx †_‡K Avjv`vI K‡i w`‡Z
cv‡ib| Ggb Avk¼vq evBRv›UvBb †m›Uv‡ii `vwq‡Z¡ _vKv †Rbv‡ij
`vBiRvb †MÖMwii evwnbxi DBs i¶v Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍywZ wbw”Q‡jb| wVK
Ggb mgq Rviivi Zvi K¨vfvjwi wb‡q evBRv›UvBb ivBU †m›Uv‡i PvR©
K‡i em‡jb| Zvi Avµg‡Yi av°v GZUvB cÖej wQj †h evBRv›UvBbiv
¸wQ‡q IVvi Av‡MB wZwb `vBiRv‡bi Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q †M‡jb Ges
`vBiRvb‡K cÖ_g my‡hv‡MB nZ¨v Ki‡jb|
21Bqvigy‡Li hy× : wØZxq w`b : BqvwR‡ì evwnbx‡K D×vi
62
DBs †_‡K nVvr hy× Kxfv‡e †m›Uv‡i Qwo‡q coj Zv ey‡S DV‡Z
evBRv›UvBbiv wKQyUv mgq wb‡q †djj| wKš‘ hLb Zviv ¸wQ‡q DVj,
ZLb Rviiv‡ii †QvÆ †iwR‡g‡›Ui c‡¶ GKKfv‡e hy× Pvwj‡q hvIqv
Am¤¢e n‡q DVj| Zvi Ici wb‡`©k wQj WvBfvm©b ˆZwi Kivi, Avi
WvBfvm©b hy‡×i D‡Ïk¨B n‡jv g~j AvµgY †_‡K kÎyi `„wó wKQy¶‡Yi
Rb¨ Ab¨Î mwi‡q †bIqv| AZGe †m›Uv‡i evBRv›UvBbiv hLb Rviiv‡ii
evwnbxUv‡K wN‡i †djvi †Póv Kij, ZLb wZwb `ªæZ evBRv›UvBb e„Ë †f‡O
†ewi‡q gymwjg d«‡›U wd‡i G‡jb|
Rviivi hLb evBRv›UvBb †m›Uv‡i AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jb, cÖvq GKB
mg‡q LvwjÌ Zvi †gvevBj MvW© wb‡q †MÖMwii evg d¬¨v‡¼ AvQ‡o
co‡jb| wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui †Kv‡bv Avkv †bB ey‡S AMZ¨v †MÖMwi wcQy
nU‡jb| w`b †k‡l Zviv Zv‡ì jvB‡b wd‡i †M‡jb Avi BqvwRÌ Zvi
mKv‡ji jvBb wd‡i †c‡jb|
w`b‡k‡l Dfq evwnbx Zv‡ì wbR K¨v‡¤ú wd‡i †Mj| Avg‡ii
evwnbxi Ae¯’v me‡P‡q †kvPbxq| Zvi ciI Zviv †kvKi-¸Rvi Ki‡jb|
KviY Lvwj‡ì Kvi‡Y w`b‡k‡l Zviv Zv‡ì nviv‡bv GjvKv Avevi wd‡i
†c‡q‡Qb| wW‡dwÝf e¨v‡U‡ji `„wó‡KvY †_‡K GB w`‡b weRq Avm‡j
gymjgvb‡ìB n‡q‡Q, †Kbbv Zviv evBRv›UvBb me AvµgY wdwi‡q w`‡q
Zv‡ì K¨v‡¤ú †diZ cvVv‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
Iw`‡K evBRv›UvBb wkwe‡i nZvkvi †gN Qvqv †d‡j‡Q| w`b‡k‡l
cÖPyi nZvnZ wb‡q me KqUv AvµgY e¨_© nIqvi cvkvcvwk `vBiRv‡bi
g‡Zv GKRb AwfÁ Avi wbf©ikxj KgvÛvi nviv‡bv A‡bK eo ¶wZ|
ZvB fvnvb Gevi Zvi cÖZ¨vkvi cwigvY Kwg‡q Avb‡Z eva¨ n‡jb| Z…Zxq
w`‡bi hy‡× wZwb BwZg‡a¨ ¶wZMÖ¯Í gymjgvb ivBU DBs‡KB Uv‡M©U Ki‡eb
e‡j gb¯’ Ki‡jb|
`vBiRv‡bi cwie‡Z© wZwb †Rbv‡ij Kzwib‡K `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb
evBRv›UvBb ivBU †m›Uvi mvgjv‡bvi Avi Avey Devq`v‡K AvU‡K ivLvi|
†MÖMwi AvU‡K ivL‡eb BqvwR`‡K| †Rbv‡ij KvbvwZi †MvUv evBRv›UvBb
†jdU DBs Avi †jdU †m›Uvi wb‡q Kvj Avgi Avi myivwe‡ji evwnbxi
gvSLvb w`‡q Xy‡K gymjgvb evwnbxi †cQ‡b wM‡q Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj
MvW©‡K AvUKvevi Kivi †Póv Ki‡e| Gici g~j gymjgvb evwnbx †_‡K
63
Avjv`v n‡q hvIqv Avg‡ii evwnbx‡K cÖ_‡g aŸsm K‡i c‡i myivwe‡ji
Ici GK‡hv‡M AvµgY Kiv n‡e| gymjgvb ivBU †m›Uvi Avi ivBU DBs
nviv‡bvi ciI hw` gymjgvb‡ì jovB Kivi Lv‡qk _v‡K, ZLb KvbvwZi
Avey DevB`vi evwnbx‡K Zvi Wvb Avi †cQb †_‡K a‡i ivL‡e Ges
†Rbv‡ij Kzwib Avi †MÖMwi evwK KvR †m‡i †dj‡eb|
wKš‘ evBRv›UvBbiv ZLbI AuvP Ki‡Z cv‡iwb Lvwj` web Iqvwj`
†Kvb av‡Z Mov †Rbv‡ij!
64
Aa¨vq bq
Z…Zxq w`‡bi hy× : K¨vfvjwi ‡Rbv‡ij Lvwj‡ì iY‰bcyY¨
BqvigyK hy‡×i Z…Zxq w`b AveviI Lvwj‡ì we`y¨rMwZ wÎgyLx Avµg‡Yi

gy‡L evBRv›UvBb †Rbv‡ij KvbvwZi nZwenŸj †eva Ki‡jb| MZKv‡ji
hy‡×I Zvi evBRv›UvBb evwnbx mKvj mKvj cÖv_wgK mvdj¨ †c‡qwQj|
wKš‘ `ycy‡ii cici Lvwj‡ì wÎgyLx KvD›Uvi A¨vUv‡Ki Kvi‡Y e¨vcK
¶q¶wZ †g‡b wb‡q Zv‡ì wcQy n‡U †di evBRv›UvBb jvB‡b wd‡i Avm‡Z
n‡qwQj| ÔwcbmviÕ A_ev ÔWvej Gb‡fjc‡g›UÕ bv‡gi GB AvµgY-
‡KŠk‡j kÎæi `yB cvk †_‡K GK‡hv‡M AvµgY kvbv‡bv n‡q _v‡K|
†KŠkjUv KvbvwZ‡ii Kv‡Q G‡Kev‡i ARvbv wKQy bv| wKš‘ hy‡×i Av‡M
wZwb m¤¢eZ Lvwj` web Iqvwj‡ì m¤ú‡K© Lye fv‡jv K‡i Rvbvi †Póv
K‡ibwb; Ki‡j Rvb‡Zb †h wVK MZ eQiB BivK d«‡›U IqvjvRvi hy‡×
Lvwj` cÖvq GKB †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i wZb ¸Y eo mmwbqvb †mbvevwnbxi
wei“‡× mnR Rq nvwmj K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb|
wKš‘ AvR Ae¯’v AviI †kvPbxq jvM‡Q| KviY Lvwj` Zvi ÔwcbmviÕ
gy‡f AviI êwPÎ¨ G‡b hy×‡¶ÎUv‡K AviI RwUj K‡i Zy‡j‡Qb|
†Rbv‡ij myivwej Avi Avg‡ii gymjgvb c`vwZK evwnbx GB gyn~‡Z© Zv‡ì
†m‡KÛ jvBb Ad wW‡dÝ1 eivei evBRv›UvBb evwnbxi †jdU DBs Avi
†jdU †m›Uvi‡K wcbW WvDb2 4 K‡i †i‡L‡Q| Avi GB my‡hv‡M Lvwj`
GK‡hv‡M evBRv›UvBb‡ì Wvb Avi evg †_‡K GK‡hv‡M K¨vfvjwi PvR©
K‡i‡Qb| GKB mg‡q myivwej Avi Avg‡ii evwnbxi gvSLv‡bi M¨vc
w`‡qI Av‡iKUv gymjgvb K¨vfvjwi †iwR‡g›U GwM‡q G‡m evBRv›UvBb
ivBU DBs Avi †jdU †m›Uv‡ii ms‡hvM¯’j eivei AvµgY K‡i‡Q;
m‡e©vcwi myivwej Avi Avg‡ii gymjgvb c`vwZK evwnbx gymjgvb
K¨vfvjwi BDwbU¸‡jvi †cQb †cQb bv½v Zievwi nv‡Z †a‡q G‡jv| wZb
w`K †_‡K AvµvšÍ evBRv›UvBbiv wb‡R‡ì cÖvY euvPv‡Z K‡Vvi cÖwZ‡iva
M‡o Zyj‡Z eva¨ n‡jv| †Rbv‡ij KvbvwZi hy×‡¶‡Î K¨vfvjwi fvimvg¨
1. mvaviYZ GKvwaK A¶ eivei cÖwZi¶v e~¨n M‡o †Zvjv nq †hb, cÖ_g A¶ ev jvB‡b
wU‡K _vKv Am¤¢e n‡q DV‡j wØZxq jvBb eivei Ae¯’vb wb‡q †di hy× Pvwj‡q hvIqv hvq|
2. AvU‡K †i‡L G‡Mv‡Z bv †Ìqv|
65
wdwi‡q Avb‡Z `ªæZ Zvi wiRvf© jvBU K¨vfvjvwi‡K mvg‡b †W‡K cvVv‡jb
Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj MvW©‡K †VKv‡Z| wKš‘ evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©
cw_g‡a¨ gymwjg K¨vfvjwii avIqv †L‡q e¨_© n‡q wd‡i G‡jv| d‡j
ïi“ n‡jv Afvebxq i³¶qx GK hy×| fvnvb m¤¢eZ BwZg‡a¨
KvbvwZ‡ii d«›U wiBb‡dvm© Ki‡Z Zvi evBRv›UvBb wiRvf© K¨vUvd«¨v±
(evBRv›UvBb fvix K¨fyjwi) iIbv Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ Lvwj‡ì GB Ôw_«
cÖÄW d¬¨vw¼s †gbyfv‡iÕi mvg‡b evBRv›UvBb K¨vUvd«¨v± G‡m †cŠuQv‡bvi
AvM ch©šÍ evBRv›UvBb †hv×viv Av‡`Š wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡e wK bv, †m-
e¨vcv‡i KvbvwZi h‡_ó mw›`nvb| AMZ¨v Ah_v ˆmb¨¶q Gwo‡q wb‡Ri
‰mb¨ evuPv‡Z wZwb gymjgvb ˆmb¨‡ì KvQ †_‡K i‡YfsM w`‡q
evBRv›UvBb‡ì `ªæZ wcQy nUvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb|
22evBRv›UvBb K¨vUvd«¨v±
A_P BqvigyK hy‡×i Z…Zxq w`b mKvjUv wKš‘ ïi“ n‡qwQj
evBRv›UvBb‡ì AbyK~‡jB| mewKQyB †hb fvnv‡bi cwiKíbvg‡ZvB
G‡Mvw”Qj| †fv‡ii Av‡jv dzU‡ZB evBRv›UvBbiv GK‡hv‡M gymjgvb
d«›URy‡o AvµgY Kij| †Rbv‡ij †MÖMwi Avi Kzwib evBRv›UvBb ivBU
DBs Avi ivBU †m›Uvi wb‡q BqvwR` Avi Avey Devq`vi gymjgvb †jdU
DBs Avi †jdU †m›Uvi‡K e¨¯Í ivLj †hb ïi“‡ZB Lvwj` Zvi †gvevBj
66
wiRvf© hy×‡¶‡Îi †Kv‡bv-GKUv wbw`©ó GjvKvq eënvi Kivi my‡hvM bv
cvb|
Gici cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †Rbv‡ij KvbvwZi evBRv›UvBb †jdU DBs
Avi †jdU †m›Uvi wb‡q me©kw³‡Z Suvwc‡q coj gymjgvb ivBU DBs Avi
ivBU †m›Uv‡ii Ici| MZKv‡ji hy‡× Avg‡ii evwnbx BwZg‡a¨ h‡_ó
`ye©j n‡q c‡o‡Q| ZvB ïi“ †_‡KB KvbvwZi Avg‡ii ivBU DBs‡qi
Ici PovI n‡jv| Avgi me©kw³‡Z Zvi dv÷© jvBb Ad wW‡dÝ a‡i
ivLvi †Póv Ki‡jb| w`‡bi ïi“‡ZB wcQy nUv †VKv‡Z Avgi Zvi Aaxb
Kvfyjwi wiRvf©I jÂ Ki‡jb| wKš‘ evBRv›UvBbiv m¤¢eZ Avg‡ii GB
Pv‡ji Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZB wQj| ZvB Zv‡ì KwVb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L Avg‡ii
K¨vfvjwi wiRvf© KgvÛvi Kv‡qm e¨_© n‡q wd‡i Avm‡Z eva¨ n‡jb|
Kv‡q‡mi K¨vfvjwi PvR© e¨_© K‡i †Ìqvi ciciB KvbvwZi
Avµg‡Yi avi eRvq ivL‡Z †cQb †_‡K bZyb ˆmb¨ G‡b c~‡Y©v`¨‡g
AvµgY Pvjv‡jb| Gevi Zvi g~j j¶¨ Avgi Avi myivwe‡ji evwnbxi
ms‡hvM¯’j ¸uwo‡q w`‡q gymjgvb evwnbxi †cQ‡b †cŠuQv‡bv| myivwej Avi
Avgi cÖvYcY †Póv Ki‡jb d«›U AUyU ivL‡Z, wKš‘ `ycy‡ii Av‡MB
evBRv›UvBb Avµg‡Yi Pvc GZUvB Zxeª n‡q DVj †h GKB m‡½ gymjgvb
d«‡›Ui †ek K‡qK ¯’v‡b fvOb aij| Ah_v ˆmb¨¶q Kgv‡Z Avgi wb‡Ri
evwnbx wb‡q †m‡KÛ jvBb Ad wW‡d‡Ý wcQy nU‡jb| Avg‡ii evwnbx wcQy
nU‡ZB KvbvwZi Zvi evwnbx wb‡q Avgi Avi myivwe‡ji evwnbxi gvSLv‡b
m…ó M¨vc w`‡q gymjgvb d«‡›Ui †cQ‡b Xy‡K covi †Póv Ki‡jb| AZGe
evBRv›UvBb GB fqsKi cwiKíbv †VKv‡Z Avg‡ii evwnbxi m‡½ mgZv
†i‡L myivwe‡ji evwnbxI †m‡KÛ jvBb Ad wW‡d‡Ý `ªæZ wcQy nUj|
`ycyi bvMv` `y‡Uv Avjv`v d«‡›U hy× Pj‡Z jvMj| dv÷© jvBb Ad
wW‡d‡Ý BqvwR` Avi Avey Devq`v ebvg †MÖMwi Avi Kzwi‡bi evwnbx Ges
†m‡KÛ jvBb Ad wW‡d‡Ý myivwej Avi Avg‡ii wei“‡× KvbvwZ‡ii
mw¤§wjZ evwnbx| A‡bK BwZnvmwe`B g‡b K‡ib Avg‡ii m‡½ myivwe‡ji
wcwQ‡q AvmvUv Lvwj‡ì c~e©cwiKíbviB Ask wQj|
67
23cÖ_g ch©vq Z…Zxq w`b
†m‡KÛ jvBb Ad wW‡d‡Ý G‡m Avgi Avi myivwej `ªæZ Zv‡ì
ˆmb¨‡ì ¸wQ‡q wb‡q Lvwj‡ì wb‡`©‡ki A‡c¶vq _vK‡jb| gymjgvb
ˆmb¨‡ì †m‡KÛ jvBb eivei †di i‡Yvcg wb‡Z †`‡L KvbvwZi bZyb
K‡i Avµg‡Yi cÖ¯ÍywZ wbj| wVK Ggb mgq Lvwj‡ì cwiKíbv Abyhvqx
KvbvwZ‡ii evwnbxi Wvb Avi evg w`K †_‡K GK‡hv‡M PvR© Kij gymjgvb
K¨vfvjwi| Avi Zv †`‡L Avgi Avi myivwejI Zv‡ì c`vwZK evwnbx
wb‡q mvg‡b †_‡K AvµgY Ki‡jb| myivwej Avi Avg‡ii evwnbxi M¨vc
w`‡q Lvwj‡ì Ôgv÷vi †÷«vKÕ wn‡m‡e hLb AviI GKUv gymjgvb
K¨vfvjwi BDwbU KvbvwZ‡ii evwnbxi gvS-eivei PvR© K‡i emj, ZLb
ïi“ n‡jv Pig i³¶qx GK msNl©|
R‡qi ØvicÖv‡šÍ G‡m Gfv‡e civRq evBRv›UvBbiv mn‡R †g‡b wb‡Z
PvBj bv| Avi gymjgvb evwnbxI RvbZ wcQy nUvi Avi †Kv‡bv Dcvq
†bB| d‡j Bqvigy‡Ki cÖvšÍi evBRv›UvBb Avi gymjgvb ˆmb¨‡ì i‡³
jvj n‡q DV‡Z jvMj| wKš‘ wÎgyLx Avµg‡Yi †Zv‡o GKmgq
68
evBRv›UvBb d«›U Avi DBs µgk d‡g©kb nviv‡Z ïi“ Kij| Iw`‡K
fvnv‡bi c¶ †_‡K †Kv‡bv wiRvf© ZLbI G‡m †cŠuQvqwb| AZGe
gg©vwšÍK ˆmb¨¶q Avi wbwðZ civRq Gov‡Z eva¨ n‡q KvbvwZi Zvi
evwnbx‡K `ªæZ wcQy nUvi Av‡`k w`‡jb|
wb‡`©k †c‡q gyn~‡Z©B evBRv›UvBbiv gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi KvQ †_‡K
m‡i wM‡q d‡g©kb e`‡j wiqvi MvW© A¨vKk‡bi gva¨‡g wcQy nUv ïi“
Kij| Lvwj` msMZ Kvi‡YB evBRv›UvBb‡ì wcQy avIqv Kivi †jvf
mseiY Ki‡jb| KviY BwZg‡a¨ myivwej Avi Avg‡ii evwnbx GZUvB
¶wZMÖ¯Í †h Zv‡ì c‡¶ Avi evBRv›UvBb‡ì wcQy avIqv K‡i nvwi‡q
†Ìqvi g‡Zv kw³ Aewkó †bB|
24wØZxq ch©vq Z…Zxq w`b
hv‡nvK, m~h© A¯Í hvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ Z…Zxq w`‡bi hy× †kl n‡jv|
Dfq c‡¶B nZvn‡Zi msL¨v Pµe„w× nv‡i †e‡o P‡j‡Q| Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e
Aek¨ evBRv›UvBb‡ì nZvn‡Zi msL¨v A‡bK †ewk| Zvi Ici Z…Zxq
69
w`b‡k‡lI Zviv †h jvBb †_‡K hy× ïi“ K‡iwQj, †mB jvB‡bB wd‡i
†M‡Q| ZvB gvbwmKfv‡eI Zviv fxlYfv‡e `‡g †M‡Q|
c¶všÍ‡i gymjgvb K¨v‡¤ú ˆmb¨‡ì g‡bvej GLb Zy‡½| nZvnZ
A‡bK n‡jI wZb w`‡bi hy×‡k‡l cÖwZ‡iva hy‡×i gva¨‡g evBRv›UvBb‡ì
†VwK‡q †i‡L `ye©j Kivi D‡ÏkÜv †ek fv‡jvfv‡eB mdj n‡q‡Q| wKš‘
wZb w`‡b me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q gymjgvb wZi›`vRiv| Zv‡ì
msL¨v mvK‡j¨ `yB nvRvi R‡b G‡m †V‡K‡Q| AMZ¨v Lvwj` Zvi Pvi
†mbvevwnbxi Rb¨ gvÎ 500 Rb K‡i wZi›`vR fvM K‡i w`‡jb|
iv‡Z fvnvb Avi Lvwj` `yRbB Rvb‡Zb †h hy×Uv GB gyn~‡Z© me‡P‡q
RwUj ch©v‡q G‡m †cŠu‡Q †M‡Q| c‡ii w`bB evBRv›UvBbiv †kl †Póv
Pvjv‡e| nq Zviv mdj n‡e A_ev Avµg‡Yi mvg_¨© nvwi‡q hy‡×i
djvd‡ji fvi Lvwj‡ì nv‡Z Zy‡j w`‡Z eva¨ n‡e| ciw`‡bi hy‡× †hb
mevB mvg‡_©ï †kl we›`y w`‡q j‡o Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z fvnvb Zvi
†Rbv‡ij, Awdmvi Avi ˆmb¨‡ì Rb¨ wekvj me cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv Ki‡jb|
Iw`‡K Lvwj` Avi Avey Devq`v Mfxi ivZ Aewa Zuvey‡Z Zuvey‡Z wM‡q
mevi †LuvRLei wb‡jb| Zvici Lvwj` ciw`‡bi hy‡×i cwiKíbv Avi
Kw›U‡RwÝ wb‡q fve‡Z em‡jb| wZwb evZv‡m i‡³i MÜ cv‡”Qb| KviY
wZwb ¯úó AuvP Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb †h c‡ii w`b BqvigyK hy‡×i PZy_© w`b
BqvigyK cÖvšÍ‡i i³M½v eB‡Z P‡j‡Q|
BqvigyK hy‡×i PZy_© w`‡bi hy×‡K BwZnvm †P‡b Ôe¨v‡Uj Ae j÷
AvBRÕ bv‡g|
70
Aa¨vq `k
PZy_© w`‡bi hy× : `¨ e¨v‡Uj Ae j÷ AvBR
BqvigyK hy‡×i PZy_© w`b, 18 AvM÷, 636, `ycyi bvMv` Lvwj`‡K Zvi
gymjgvb evwnbxi ivBU DBs wb‡q †ek wPwšÍZ †`Lvj| evBRv›UvBb
†Rbv‡ij Rvevjvni †bZ…‡Z¡ wLªóvb Avie Avi Av‡g©wbqvb ˆmbïv BwZg‡a¨
myivwe‡ji evwnbxi d«‡›U †ek K‡qK RvqMvq fvOb awi‡q †d‡j‡Q| AviI
Wv‡b Avg‡ii evwnbx †Rbv‡ij KvbvwZ‡ii evwnbxi wei“‡× gvwU Kvg‡o
hyS‡Q| wKš‘ myivwej g‡b nq bv Avi Lye †ewk¶Y Zvi d«›U a‡i ivL‡Z
cvi‡eb | Avi myivwej GKevi wcQy nU‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j Avg‡ii c‡¶
GKKfv‡e Zvi d«›U a‡i ivLvUv Am¤¢e, ZvB wZwbI wcwQ‡q Avm‡Z eva¨
n‡eb| ZvB Zvi †gvevBj MvW© GLbB jÂ Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j †`wi n‡q
hv‡e, Avi civRq †VKv‡bvI Am¤¢e n‡q co‡e|
Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj MvW© hLb Avµg‡Yi cÖ¯ÍywZ wbw”Qj, ZLbB nVvr
Lvwj`‡K †ek wePwjZfv‡e wKQy-GKUv LyuR‡Z †`Lv †Mj| Zvi mn‡hv×viv
hLb Rvb‡Z PvBj wZwb Kx LyuR‡Qb, ZLb Lvwj` Rvbv‡jb †h wZwb Zvi
jvj i‡Oi UywcUv Lyu‡R cv‡”Qb bv| Ae‡k‡l GKRb mn‡hv×v Zvi †mB
jvj UywcUv Lyu‡R G‡b w`‡j Lvwj‡ì gy‡L cÖkvwšÍ Avi AvZ¥wek¦vm wd‡i
G‡jv|
ZLb mn‡hv×viv †mB jvj Uywci gvnvZ¥¨ Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Lvwj`
Rvbv‡jb †h GKevi n‡Ri mgq hLb gnvbex (mv.) Zvi gv_v
Kvgvw”Q‡jb, ZLb wZwb gnvbex (mv.)-i wKQy Pyj msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb|
e¨vcviUv †`L‡Z †c‡q gnvbex (mv.) Lvwj`‡K Zvi Pyj Kzov‡bvi KviY
Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| Rev‡e Lvwj` e‡jwQ‡jb †h wZwb GB Pyj ¯§„wZ wn‡m‡e
Zvi msMÖ‡n ivL‡Z Pvb| Reve ï‡b gnvbex (mv.) bvwK e‡jwQ‡jb †h GB
Pyj hZ w`b Zvi m‡½ _vK‡e Avjøvni B”Qvq ZZ w`b Lvwj` †Kv‡bv hy‡×
nvi‡eb bv| Gici Lvwj` Zvi IB jvj Uywc‡Z †mB Pyj †mjvB K‡i †Mu‡_
wb‡qwQ‡jb Avi IB Uywc Qvov wZwb KL‡bv †Kv‡bv hy×‡¶‡Î cv ivL‡Zb
bv|
hv‡nvK, BqvigyK hy‡×i cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB fvnvb gymjgvb evwnbxi
ivBU DBs w`‡q evievi AvµgY K‡i mvdj¨ cvIqvi †Póv Ki‡Qb, d‡j
71
Dch©ycwi evBRv›UvBb AvµgY mvgjv‡Z mvgjv‡Z BwZg‡a¨ Avg‡ii
evwnbxi Ae¯’v †ek †kvPbxq| †mbvcwZ wn‡m‡e Avg‡ii mybvg gymjgvb
†mbvevwnbx‡Z Lvwj‡ì c‡iB, Avi evBRv›UvBb †Kv‡bv †mbvcwZB
†mbvcwZ‡Z¡ Zvi av‡iKv‡QI †bB| wKš‘ MZ wZb w`‡bi hy‡× Zvi ˆmbïv
ïay cwikÖvšÍB bv; eis msL¨vqI Zviv cÖ_g w`‡bi †P‡q AvR A‡bK K‡g
†M‡Q|
e¨vcviUv Lvwj‡ì g‡ZvB fvnvbI †ek fv‡jv K‡iB Rv‡bb| MZ wZb
w`‡bi e¨_©Zvi Kvi‡Y BwZg‡a¨ evBRv›UvBb‡ì †fZi nZvkv `vbv euva‡Z
ïi“ K‡i‡Q| BwZg‡a¨ wKQy ˆmb¨ K¨v¤ú †Q‡o cvwj‡q †M‡Q e‡jI Rvbv
hv‡”Q| ZvB AvR‡Ki hy‡×B gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi Ici P~ovšÍ AvNvZ
†n‡b Rq wbwðZ K‡i †djvUv fvnv‡bi Rb¨ Lye Riæwi|
†Rbv‡ij Avgi web Av‡mi Aaxb gymjgvb ivBU DBs MZ wZb w`‡bi
hy‡× me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í, ZvB fvnvb AvRI P~ovšÍ nvgjvUv gymjgvb
ivBU DBs w`‡qB ïi“i cwiKíbv Ki‡jb| gymjgvb ivBU DBs AvµvšÍ
n‡j gymjgvb ˆmb¨‡ì D×vi Ki‡Z Lvwj` Zvi K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©
(†gvevBj MvW©) eënvi Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡eb| Avi Lvwj` hLbB Zvi
†gvevBj MvW© wb‡q gymjgvb ivBU DBs mvgjv‡Z e¨¯Í _vK‡eb, ZLb
fvnvb Zvi †Rbv‡ij Kzwib Avi †MÖMwii evwnbx wb‡q gymjgvb †jdU
†m›Uvi Avi †jdU DBs‡q Avey Devq`v Avi BqvwR‡ì evwnbx‡K AvµgY
Ki‡eb; Ges Lvwj` Zvi ivBU DBs mvg‡j gymjgvb †jdU DBs D×v‡i
wd‡i Avmvi Av‡MB hy× †kl K‡i †dj‡eb| Ggb GKUv eªW d«›U
A¨vUvK1 mvgjv‡bvi mva¨ Avm‡j GB gyn~‡Z© gymjgvb evwnbxi †bB|
w`‡bi ïi“‡ZB KvbvwZi Zvi ¯øvf ˆmbëvwnbx wb‡q Avg‡ii
evwnbx‡K Avi Av‡g©wbqvb I wLªóvb Avie‡ì wb‡q wcÖÝ Rvevjvn
myivwe‡ji evwnbx‡K AvµgY Ki‡jb| MZ wZb w`‡b Avg‡ii evwnbx
evBRv›UvBb‡ì Avµg‡Y Af¨¯Í n‡q D‡V‡Q| ¯øvf‡ì Avµg‡Yi †Zv‡o
Avg‡ii evwnbx wKQyUv wcQy nU‡Z eva¨ n‡jv wVKB, wKš‘ Gevi Zviv cÖPÐ
cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zy‡j ¯øvf‡ì AMÖhvÎv A‡bKLvwbB †VwK‡q w`j|
1. GKvwaK j¶ë¯Íy‡Z GK‡hv‡M AvµgY|
72
wKš‘ myivwe‡ji d«‡›U gymjgvb ˆmbïv evBRv›UvBb AMÖhvÎvi MwZ
Kgv‡Z mg_© n‡jI Zv‡ì †VKv‡Z cviwQj bv| d‡j Av‡g©wbqvbiv wcÖÝ
Rvevjvni wLªóvb Avie‡ì-mn‡hv‡M GKvwaK c‡q‡›U gymjgvb d«›U †f`
K‡i †djj| myivwe‡ji gymjgvb evwnbx †h Avi Lye †ewk¶Y
evBRv›UvBb‡ì †VwK‡q ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv, †mK_v cÖKvk¨ wèv‡jv‡Ki
g‡Zv ¯úó n‡q DVj| ZvB †gvevBj MvW© wb‡q Lvwj‡ì GwM‡q Avmv Qvov
Avi †Kv‡bv DcvqB Aewkó iBj bv| mewKQyB AvR †hb fvnv‡bi
cwiKíbvg‡ZvB NU‡Z P‡j‡Q|
25PZy_© w`b mKvj
†gvevBj MvW© wb‡q myivwe‡ji d«›U mvgjv‡Z Ki‡Z GwM‡q hvIqvi

cÖ¯ÍywZ †bIqvi mgqB Lvwj‡ì g‡b GB Avk¼v DuwK w`j †h
evBRv›UvBbiv Gevi gymjgvb †jdUmn GKUv eªW d«‡›U A¨vUvK K‡i
em‡Z cv‡i; Ges Lvwj` Zvi GB e¨v‡Ujwdì BÝwU¼UwU‡K 2 h_vh_
¸iæZ¡mnKv‡iB Avg‡j wb‡jb| MZ wZb w`‡bi hy‡× ˆmb¨ nvwi‡q gymjgvb
d«‡›Ui MfxiZv GB gyn~‡Z© wØZxq ev Z…Zxq w`‡bi Zyjbvq A‡bK Kg|
ZvB evBRv›UvBbiv GLb eªW d«‡›U A¨vUvK K‡i em‡j AvR wVK Kq ¯’v‡b
2. †hv×v‡ì Ae‡PZb Avk¼v|
73
gymjgvb d«›U a‡m co‡e Zv wbwðZ ejv gykwKj| †m-†¶‡Î Zvi GKUv
gvÎ K¨vfvjwi wiRvf© wb‡q †Kv‡bv µ‡gB meKwU evBRv›UvBb
†cwb‡U«k‡bi3 wei“‡× j‡o †RZv m¤¢e bv| hy‡×i Ggb RwUj ch©v‡q
wZwb AZ¨š— `ytmvnmx Avi evBRv›UvBb‡ì Rb¨ AcÖZ¨vwkZ GKwU
wm×vš— wb‡jb; wZwb myivwe‡ji evwnbx‡K D×v‡ii Rb¨ wb‡Ri †gvevBj
MvW© wb‡q GwM‡q hvIqvi Av‡M Avey Devq`v Avi BqvwR`‡K †Rbv‡ij
Kzwib Avi †MÖMwii evwnbxi Ici AZwK©‡Z nvgjv Pvjv‡bvi wb‡`©k
w`‡jb|
Avey DevB`v Avi BqvwRÌ BwZg‡a¨ j¶ K‡iwQ‡jb †h Zv‡ì
mvg‡bi evBRv›UvBbiv mKvj †_‡KB Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ wbkwck KiwQj|
Gevi Lvwj‡ì wb‡`©k †c‡qB Avey DevB`v Avi BqvwR` Zv‡ì evwnbx
wb‡q evBRv›UvBb ivBU †m›Uvi Avi ivBU DBs‡qi Ici AvPgKv ¯ú‡qwjs
A¨vUvK4 Ki‡jb| Avµg‡Yi ZxeªZvq Kzwib Avi †MÖMwii evwnbx LvwbKUv
wcQy nU‡Z eva¨ n‡jv| evBRv›UvBb eªW d«›U A¨vUv‡Ki m¤¢vebv bm¨vr K‡i
w`‡q Gevi Lvwj` myivwe‡ji evwnbx‡K D×v‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ QyU‡jb|
Lvwj` Zvi †gvevBj MvW©‡K mgvb `yB fvM K‡i wb‡q myivwe‡ji
evwnbxi `yB cvk w`‡q GK‡hv‡M GwM‡q †M‡jb| Rvevjvni wLªóvb Avie
Avi Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì `yB d¬¨v‡¼ gymjgvb K¨vfvjwi‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z †`‡L
myivwe‡ji c`vwZK gymjgvb evwnbxI exi`‡c© mvg‡b †_‡K AvµgY
Pvjvj| Rev‡e evBRv›UvBbiv Zygyj cÖwZ‡ivahy× ïi“ Kij| wKš‘ wZb
w`K †_‡K Lvwj‡ì GB Ôw_ª cÖÄW d¬¨vw¼s †gbyfvi-Gi Kv‡Q civRq
¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q Ae‡k‡l wLªóvb Avie Avi Av‡g©wbqvbiv `ªæZ wcQy nUj|
GKB mg‡q AvgiI Zvi Rb¨ eivÏ K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©‡K †Rbv‡ij
KvbvwZ‡ii evBRv›UvBb ¯øvf evwnbxi ev‡g cvwV‡q w`‡q wb‡Ri c`vwZK
gymjgvb evwnbx wb‡q mvg‡b †_‡K c~‡Y©v`¨‡g AvµgY kvbv‡jb| wKš‘
Av‡Mi `yB w`‡bi AwfÁZvq KvbvwZi AvR Avg‡ii GB Pv‡ji Rb¨ Av‡M
†_‡KB cÖ¯ÍyZ wQ‡jb| ZvB Avg‡ii K¨vfvjwi PvR© bm¨vr Ki‡Z wZwb
wb‡Ri evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©Uv‡K ¯øvf‡ì euv w`K w`‡q mvg‡b
cvwV‡q Avg‡ii K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©‡K AvµgY Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡jb|
3. cÖwZc‡¶i cÖwZi¶v †f` K‡i m`je‡j Xy‡K cov|

4. cÖwZc‡¶i AvµgY bm¨vr Ki‡Z Kiv AvµgY|
74
†ivgvb Kg‡cø· wg·W d‡g©k‡b5 KvbvwZ‡ii GB KvD›Uvi A¨vUvK
mvd‡jï gyL †`L‡Z cvivi Av‡MB myivwe‡ji evwnbxi mvg‡bi wLªóvb
Avie Avi Av‡g©wbqvbiv Lvwj‡ì Avµg‡Y wcQy nU‡Z ïi“ Kij| d‡j
KvbvwZ‡ii ¯øvf evwnbxi Wvb DBs m¤ú~Y© Db¥y³ n‡q coj| ZvB Zvi GB
Db¥y³ Wvb cv‡k Lvwj` mn‡RB Zvi †gvevBj MvW© wb‡q AvµgY K‡i
em‡Z cv‡ib ey‡S KvbvwZi Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I Zvi ¯øvf evwnbx‡K `ªæZ wcQy
nUvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| GiB g‡a¨ m~h© cwðg w`‡K X‡j co‡Z ïi“
K‡i‡Q| AvPgKv KvbvwZ‡ii ¯øvf evwnbx `ªæZ wcQy nU‡Z ïi“ Kivq Zvi
cwiKwíZ †ivgvb Kg‡cø· wg·W d‡g©kb G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q †Mj| d‡j Zvi
evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi wiRvf© nVvrB ¯øvf c`vwZK evwnbxi wgDPy¨qvj
mv‡cvU©6 nvwi‡q †djj| wØavwš^Z evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi‡K nv‡Zi Kv‡Q
†c‡q Rviivi Zvi gymjgvb K¨vfvjwi BDwbU wb‡q AZwK©‡Z Zv‡ì Ici
AvµgY K‡i em‡jb| AvµvšÍ n‡q evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi `ªæZ wcQy nUvi
†Póv Kij| wKš‘ bv‡Qvoev›`v Rviivi Zv‡ì wcQy avIqv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|
evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi wcQy nUvi fvb K‡i kÎy‡K †U‡b G‡b duv‡`
†d‡j Avµg‡Yi iY‡KŠkj †ek fv‡jv K‡iB iß K‡iwQj| wKš‘
KvbvwZ‡ii wcQy nUvi nVvr wm×vš— Avi gymjgvb K¨vfvjwi‡K duv‡`
†djvi †Kv‡bv c~e©cwiKíbv bv _vKvq evBRv›UvB K¨vfvjwi †Kv‡bv
wm×vš— wb‡Z bv †c‡i EaŸ©k¦v‡m Iqvw` Di ivKv‡ì weªR eivei cvjv‡Z
†Póv Kij| wKš‘ Rviivi †Ruv‡Ki g‡Zv Zv‡ì wcQy †j‡M _vK‡jb Ges
c‡_B KvbvwZ‡ii GB K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©‡K civ¯— K‡i †dj‡jb|
KvbvwZ‡ii K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©‡K nviv‡Z wM‡q BwZg‡a¨ Rviivi Zvi
evwnbx wb‡q Iqvw` Di ivKv‡ì weª‡Ri †ek KvQvKvwQ †cŠu‡Q wM‡qwQ‡jb|
Gevi wZwb my‡hvM ey‡S weª‡Ri cvnvivq _vKv evBRv›UvBb MvW©‡ì
AvµgY K‡i em‡jb| evBRv›UvBb g~j evwnbx ZLb d«›U mvgjv‡Z e¨¯Í,
ZvB †KDB weªR cvnvivq _vKv evBRv›UvBb MvW©‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z GwM‡q
G‡jv bv|
AZGe †Zgb †Kv‡bv eo cÖwZ‡iva QvovB Rviivi evBRv›UvBb‡ì
wcQy nUvi GKgvÎ c_ GB Iqvw` Di ivKv‡ì weªRwU `Lj K‡i wb‡jb|
5. c`vwZK Avi Ak¦v‡ivnx‡ì mgš^‡q †ivgvb AvµgY-†KŠkj

6. hy‡× GK evwnbx KZ©…K Ab¨ evwnbx‡K wbweo mnvqZv †Ìqv|
75
Zvici weªRwU `L‡j ivL‡Z wKQy gymjgvb ˆmb¨ cvnvivq ewm‡q wZwb †di
hy×‡¶‡Îi D‡Ï‡k iIbv w`‡jb| evBRv›UvBb g~j evwnbx ZLbI m`¨
†e`Lj n‡q hvIqv GB weª‡Ri e¨vcv‡i wKQyB Rvb‡Z cv‡iwb| A_P GB
weªRwU nviv‡bvi Kvi‡YB †kl w`‡bi hy‡× Zv‡ì LyeB Pov gvmyj ¸b‡Z
n‡qwQj| Aek¨ fvnvb ZLb gymjgvb †jdU DBs eivei cvIqv †gv¶g
my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q P~ovšÍ weRq nvwmj K‡i wb‡ZB †ewk e¨¯Í|
hv‡nvK, Lvwj`‡K gymjgvb ivBU d«›U mvgjv‡bvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z
wM‡q Avey Devq`v Avi BqvwR` Zv‡ì evwnbx wb‡q †Rbv‡ij Kzwib Avi
†MÖMwii evwnbx‡K AvµgY K‡i ïi“‡Z evBRv›UvBb‡ì wKwÂr Pg‡K
w`‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb wVKB; wKš‘ wKQy¶‡Yi †fZiB Kzwib Avi †MÖMwii
evwnbx wb‡R‡ì mvg‡j wbj Ges ey‡S †djj †h Avey Devq`v Avi
BqvwR` Avm‡j Zv‡ì d«›U †f` Ki‡Z PvB‡Qb bv; eis †¯ªd Zv‡ì
AvU‡K ivL‡Z PvB‡Qb †hb Zviv eªW d«‡›U gymjgvb‡ì AvµgY Ki‡Z bv
cv‡i| ZvB eªW d«‡›U A¨vUv‡K hvIqvi Av‡M evBRv›UvBbiv Zv‡ì
gymjgvb cÖwZc¶‡K AviI `ye©j K‡i wb‡Z PvBj|
Kzwib Avi †MÖMwii evwnbx d«›U eivei Xv‡ji †`qvj Zy‡j w`‡q Gevi
Zv‡ì me ai‡bi wZi›`vR‡ì Kv‡R jvMvj| BqvwR` Avi Avey Devq`vi
K¨vfvjwi wiRvf© Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj MvW©‡K mv‡cvU© w`‡Z P‡j hvIqvq
Zviv cÖvq †Kv‡bv ai‡bi K¨vfvjwi mnvqZv QvovB †MÖMwi Avi Kzwi‡bi
evwnbxi wei“‡× jowQ‡jb| evBRv›UvBbiv GB my‡hv‡M Zv‡ì Ak¦v‡ivnx
wZi›`vR‡ì gv‡V bvgv‡jb| mvg‡b †_‡K evBRv›UvBb c`vwZK wZi›`vR
Avi `ycvk †_‡K Zv‡ì Ak¦v‡ivnx wZi›`vR‡ì cÖej wZi Avµg‡Y
Bqvigy‡Ki AvKvk †hb wZ‡i †X‡K †Mj cÖvq| BwZnv‡m wZi›`vR‡ì Øviv
Ggb mycwiKwíZ Awfhv‡bi `„óvšÍ Ges hy‡× wZi›`vR‡ì Ggb fqven
n‡q IVvi D`vniY mwZ¨ weij|
evBRv›UvBb‡ì †P‡q gymjgvb wZi›`vR‡ì wZ‡ii †iÄ †hgb
A‡c¶vK…Z Kg wQj, †Zgwb gymjgvb wZi›`vR‡ì wZ‡ii wiRvf©I ax‡i
ax‡i K‡g AvmwQj| Zv Qvov MZ wZb w`‡bi hy‡× BwZg‡a¨ gymjgvb
wZi›`vR‡ì msL¨vI A‡bK K‡g wM‡qwQj| ZvB Gevi evBRv›UvBb
Ak¦v‡ivnx wZi›`vRiv cwiKwíZfv‡e gymjgvb wZi›`vR‡ì AvµgY Ki‡Z
ïi“ Kij| evBRv›UvBb mw¤§wjZ wZi›`vR‡ì wZ‡ii GB AvµgY
76
GZUvB cÖej wQj †h Kw_Z Av‡Q cÖwZ 700 Rb gymjgvb †hv×vi GKRb
wZ‡ii AvNv‡Z GB hy‡× †PvL nvwi‡q‡Qb| Avey mywdqvbI Gw`b Zvi
GKwU †PvL nvivb| ZvB Gw`‡bi hy× BwZnv‡m Ô`¨ e¨v‡Uj Ae j÷
AvBRÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
26PZy_© w`b mKvj
AMZ¨v wZi›`vR Avi K¨vfvjwi mnvqZv nvwi‡q Zxeª GB wZ‡ii

Avµg‡Yi gy‡L BqvwR` Avi Avey Devq`v Zv‡ì gymjgvb c`vwZK evwnbx
wb‡q wcQy nUvi wm×vš— wb‡Z eva¨ n‡jb| gymjgvb‡ì wcQy nU‡Z †`‡L
fvnvb eyS‡jb GB †mB †gv¶g mgq| Lvwj` ZLbI gymjgvb ivBU DBs
mvgjv‡Z e¨¯Í| ZvB GLb gymjgvb †jdU DBs‡qi Ici AvµgY Pvjv‡j
GZ Kg mg‡qi †fZi Lvwj‡ì c‡¶ AvµvšÍ ivBU DBs †d‡j †i‡L
†jdU DBs‡q P‡j Avmv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB m¤¢e bv| ZvB fvnvb KvbvwZi‡K
cÖvYc‡Y j‡o hvIqvi wb‡`©k w`‡q Gevi wbwØ©avq †MÖMwi Avi Kzwib‡K
GKUv AjAvDU G·cøq‡Uk‡b7 †h‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡jb|
wcQy nU‡Z _vKv gymjgvb evwnbxi wcQy wcQy ¶yavZ© nv‡qbvi g‡Zv Qy‡U
G‡jv evBRv›UvBb ˆmbïv| wKš‘ gymjgvb evwnbxi wcQy nUv‡K wbivc`
7. wcQy nU‡Z _vKv kÎæ‡K avIqv K‡i civwRZ Kiv |
77
Ki‡Z BwKwigvn web Avey Rvnj Zvi BDwbU wb‡q wiqviMv‡W©i `vwqZ¡
wb‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB Gevi BwKwigvni wiqviMvW© AvcÖvY jo‡Z ïi“ Kij|
BwKwigvn Zvi evwnbx wb‡q ïay mvg‡b †_‡KB evBRv›UvBb‡ì †VKv‡jb
bv; eis Zv‡ì wiqviMvW©‡K AvDUd¬¨v¼8 ev evBcvm9 K‡i g~j gymjgvb
evwnbxi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvi me evBRv›UvBb cÖ‡PóvI bm¨vr K‡i w`‡Z jvM‡jb|
AMZ¨v evBRv›UvBbiv me©kw³ w`‡q BwKwigvni wiqviMvW©‡K wZb w`K
†_‡K AvµgY Kij| BwKwigvni gymjgvb †mbviv †kl i³we›`y w`‡q
evBRv›UvBb‡ì †VwK‡q ivLvi †Póv K‡i G‡K G‡K gvwU‡Z jywU‡q co‡Z
jvM‡jb| Ae‡k‡l evBRv›UvBbiv hLb BwKwigvni wiqviMvW©‡K civ¯—
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jv, ZZ¶‡Y BwKwigvn Avi Zvi wiqviMv‡W©i cÖ‡Z¨K
m`m¨ nq kvnv`vZ eiY K‡i‡Qb A_ev g„Zz¨c_hvÎx|
hy‡×i GB Pig Ae¯’vi ¸iæZ¡ eyS‡Z †c‡i Avey mywdqv‡bi ¯¿x wn›`
Avi Rviiv‡ii †evb LvDjvnmn Ab¨ bvix †hv×viv nv‡Z A¯¿ Zy‡j wb‡q
d«‡›Ui w`‡K †a‡q G‡jb| BwZg‡a¨ wcQy nU‡Z _vKv gymjgv‡biv hLb
Zv‡ì cv‡k ¯¿x-mšÍvb‡ìI jvwV‡muvUv nv‡Z †`L‡Z †c‡jb, gyn~‡Z©
gymjgvb d«‡›Ui †Pnviv cv‡ë †Mj| ïi“ n‡jv Ggb i³¶qx GK msNl©,
†hLv‡b bv Av‡Q †Kv‡bv †mbvcwZZ¡ Avi bv Av‡Q †Kv‡bv d‡g©kb A_ev
†gbyfv‡ii evjvB| †¯ªd ˆm‡b¨ ˆm‡b¨ †ivgnl©K ˆØi_ Pj‡Z _vKj|
†MÖMwii BD‡ivwcqvb Avi Kzwi‡bi Av‡g©wbqvb ˆmbïv `xN©w`b hver
Zv‡ì wbD‡gwiK my‡cwiIwiwU 10 w`‡q kÎy‡K wP‡oP¨vcUv K‡i hy×R‡q
Af¨¯Í| cviZc‡¶ Zviv eiveiB wcPW e¨v‡Uj11 Gwo‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘
gymjgvb †hv×viv cÖ‡Z¨‡K AvR bv½v Zievwi nv‡Z AvmywiK kw³ wb‡q
Db¥v‡ì g‡Zv j‡o P‡j‡Q| †Kv‡bv-GK Acvw_©e kw³‡Z ejxqvb GB
†hv×v‡ì †VKv‡bvi †Kv‡bv †KŠkjB evBRv›UvBb‡ì Rvbv †bB| GgbwK
Rviiv‡ii †evb LvDjvn ch©šÍ GK evBRv›UvBb‡K Zievwi nv‡Z aivkvqx
K‡i †dj‡jb| Aek¨ Ø›Øhy‡×i GKch©v‡q †mB evBRv›UvBb †hv×vi
Zievwii AvNv‡Z LvDjvni gv_v †_‡K ZLb ìì K‡i i³ co‡Q|
8. cvk KvwU‡q P‡j hvIqv|

9. GK`j cvk KvwU‡q mvg‡b wM‡q †cQ‡bi Av‡iK`j w`‡q AvµgY Kiv|
10. msL¨vMZ AvwaK¨|
11. mgv‡b mgvb m¤§yLhy×, †hLv‡b †hv×viv R‡qi Rb¨ giYcY j‡o|
78
jo‡Z jo‡Z LvDjvn GKmgq gvwU‡Z jywU‡q c‡ob Avi AwZwi³
i³¶i‡Y wZwb Ávb nvivb| c‡i Rviivi gyg~l©y Ae¯’vq Zv‡K hy×‡¶‡Î
Lyu‡R †c‡qwQ‡jb|
gymjgvb evwnbxi Ggb Acvw_©e cÖwZ‡ivahy‡×i gy‡L w`‡bi Av‡jv

wb‡f G‡jv Avi R‡qi GZUv Kv‡Q G‡mI evBRv›UvBbiv n‡Zv`¨g n‡q
ax‡i ax‡i wcQy nU‡Z eva¨ n‡jv| wegl© fvnvb †`L‡jb Uvbv Pvi w`b
hy‡×i c‡iI Zvi wekvj evwnbx ¶y`ª GB gymjgvb evwnbx‡K Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb
†_‡KB nUv‡Z cv‡iwb| hy×‡k‡l nZvn‡Zi msL¨v †R‡b wZwb gyl‡o
co‡jb| wKš‘ me‡P‡q eo av°v †L‡jb hLb ïb‡jb Iqvw` Di ivKv‡ì
weªR GLb gymjgvb evwnbxi `L‡j| ciw`b Av‡iKevi Avµg‡Y hvIqvi
kw³ I B‡”Q †Kv‡bvUvB Avi evBRv›UvBb‡ì Aewkó †bB, Zvi Ici
weªRUvI nvZQvov nIqvq wcQy nUvi c_I GLb eÜ| cÂg w`‡bi
cwiYwZi K_v fve‡Z wM‡qB fvnvb wkD‡i DV‡jb| KviY cvkvi `vb
cv‡ë †M‡Q, Kvj †_‡K hy× Lvwj` web Iqvwj‡ì nv‡Z!
79
80
Aa¨vq GMv‡iv
cÂg I lô w`‡bi hy× : ‡hw`b evBRv›UvBb m~h© A¯—wgZ nj
19 AvM÷ 636, BqvigyK hy‡×i cÂg w`b mKv‡j BqvigyK cÖvšÍ‡i

evBRv›UvBb Avi gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx AviI GKevi †h hvi d«›U jvBb
eivei gy‡LvgywL ùvwo‡q †Mj| Aek¨ cÖ_g w`‡bi †mB i³ UMeMv‡bv
D‡ËRbvi A‡bKUvB BwZg‡a¨ D‡e †M‡Q| MZ Pvi w`‡bi i³¶qx ˆØi_
†cwi‡q AvR ch©šÍ hviv `yB cv‡qi Ici Lvov Av‡Q, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
Kg‡ewk AvnZ Avi Aek¨B fqvbK K¬všÍ|
m~h© IVvi ci GK NÈv †cwi‡q hvIqvi ciI AvR evBRv›UvBb d«‡›U
Avµg‡Yi †Kv‡bv cÖ¯ÍywZB †Pv‡L coj bv| nVvr evBRv›UvBb †m›Uvi †_‡K
mv`v cZvKv Dwo‡q †QvÆ GKUv Ak¦v‡ivnx `j `yjwK Pv‡j gymjgvb d«‡›Ui
†m›Uv‡ii w`‡K GwM‡q G‡jv| †QvÆ GB evBRv›UvBb cÖwZwbwa`‡ji cÖavb
mivmwi Lvwj‡ì m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z PvBj|
Lvwj` Ges Avey Devq`v `yRbB evBRv›UvBb cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡g
Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h MZ Pvi w`‡bi hy‡× †h‡nZy †Kv‡bv c¶B wRZ‡Z
cv‡iwb, ZvB fvnvb AvcvZZ wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ hy×weiwZi cÖ¯Íve Ki‡Qb|
MZ Pvi w`‡b gymjgvb‡ì Zyjbvq evBRv›UvBb‡ì ˆmb¨¶q wbtm‡›`‡n
A‡bK †ewkB n‡q‡Q, ZvB fvnvb Avm‡j GKUv hy×weiwZi gva¨‡g Zvi
ˆmb¨‡ì Ô†i÷ Avi wiwdUÕ1 wbwðZ Ki‡Z wKQyUv evowZ mgq wKb‡Z
PvB‡Qb| wKš‘ gymjgvb‡ì Ae¯’vI Z‰_eP; eis evBRv›UvBb‡ì †P‡q
gymjgvb †mbv‡ì wekÖv‡gi cÖ‡qvRb AviI †ewk| ZvB gymjgvb
†mbvcÖavb wn‡m‡e Avey Devq`v fvnv‡bi cvVv‡bv G mwÜ cÖ¯Ív‡e AgZ
Kivi †Kv‡bv KviY Lyu‡R †c‡jb bv|
wKš‘ ev` mva‡jb Lvwj`| wVK MZKvj mÜ¨vqB Zvi Eiæ‡Z gv_v
†i‡L cÖvq GKB m‡½ †klwbk¦vm Z¨vM K‡i‡Qb ZviB evjëÜy BwKwigvn
Avi BwKwigvni †Q‡j Avgi| Avey mywdqv‡bi g‡Zv †R¨ô †hv×vI GKUv
†PvL nvwi‡q‡Qb MZKvj we‡K‡ji Ôj÷ AvBRÕ hy‡×| cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgvb
Awdmvi Avi KgvÛvi Ggbfv‡e j‡o‡Qb †h iv‡Z Zv‡ì wekÖvg wbwðZ
1. ˆmb¨‡ì wekÖvg Ges bZyb ˆmb¨ G‡b BDwbU¸‡jv‡K cybwe©b¨¯Í Kiv|
81
Ki‡Z †mbvcÖavb n‡qI Avey Devq`v ¯^qs wWDwU Awdmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ wbR
Kuv‡a Zy‡j wb‡q Zuvey‡Z Zuvey‡Z †LuvR wb‡q‡Qb Avi AvDU‡cv÷ cwi`k©b
K‡i G‡m‡Qb|
wKš‘ gnvb Avjøvni A‡kl K…cvq gymjgvb †mbv‡ì D`¨g GB gyn~‡Z©
Zy‡½ Avi evBRv›UvBb‡ì D`¨g GLb Zjvwb‡Z G‡m †V‡K‡Q| MZ Pvi
w`‡bi wbijm cwikÖg Avi Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q Ae‡k‡l evBRv›UvBb
†mbvevwnbx Zv‡ì ÔKvwj¥‡bkbÕ2-G †cŠu‡Q‡Q Avi gymjgvb †mbvevwnbxi
RbÏ ÔwW‡dwÝf d‡g©kbÕ3 †S‡o †d‡j Gevi ÔKvD›Uvi A‡dwÝfÕ4-G
hvIqvi `yj©f my‡hvM ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| `ytmvnmx Rviivi MZKvjB Iqvw` Di
ivKv‡ì Ic‡ii GKgvÎ weªR AvBbvj `vKv‡ii Icv‡i cvnv‡oi Avov‡j
wKQy gymjgvb †mbv‡K jywK‡q †i‡L G‡m‡Qb| PvB‡j AvR iv‡ZB weªR
cyb`©Lj K‡i wb‡q evBRv›UvBb‡ì GKgvÎ wcQy nUvi c_ iæ× K‡i
†Ìqv m¤¢e| AZGe me©m¤§wZµ‡g fvnv‡bi mwÜcÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i
evBRv›UvBb cÖwZwbwa‡ì mm¤§v‡b we`vq K‡i †Ìqv n‡jv|
27cÂg w`‡bi hy×
2. †Kv‡bv AvµgYKvix hLb Avµg‡Yi ¶gZv nvwi‡q cÖwZi¶v hy‡× eva¨ nq|
3. cÖwZi¶v hy‡×i Rb¨ iYweb¨vm|
4. cÖwZ-Avµg‡Yi AbyK~j Ae¯’v hLb cÖwZc‡¶i nv‡Z, cÖwZ-AvµgY †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv
eo wiRvf© nv‡Z _v‡K bv|
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Gici mviv w`b †Kv‡bv c¶B msNl© ïi“ bv Kivq BqvigyK hy‡×i
cÂg w`bwU †K‡U †Mj webv hy‡×| wKš‘ iv‡Z Lvwj` Rviiv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡
500 †NvomIqvi cvwV‡q w`‡jb AvBbvj `vKvi weªR KeRv Ki‡Z|
Rviivi hLb Zvi `j wb‡q mšÍc©‡Y Nyic‡_ AvBbvj `vKv‡ii c‡_ iIbv
w`‡jb, ZLb Lvwj` Zvi †mbvevwnbxi evwK me K¨vfvjwi †¯‹vqvW«b GKÎ
K‡i Zvi wb‡Ri K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©mn AvU nvRvi A‡k¦i GKUv GKK
†gvevBj MvW© ˆZwi Ki‡jb|
BqvigyK hy‡×i lô I †kl w`b, 20 AvM÷ 636, mKv‡j evBRv›UvBb
Avi gymjgvb †mbviv †di Zv‡ì d«›U jvBb eivei ùvwo‡q †Mj| Kviv
Av‡M AvµgY m~Pbv Ki‡e, †mB wØavq †K‡U †Mj NÈvLv‡bK| Zvici
nVvr evBRv›UvBb evwnbxi †m›Uvi †_‡K wekvj‡`nx †Rbv‡ij †MÖMwi GKvB
†Nvov QywU‡q gymjgvb d«‡›Ui mvg‡b G‡m ùvov‡jb| Zvici evRLuvB
Mjvq nuvK w`‡jb, Ôgymjgvb †Rbv‡ij‡ì g‡a¨ †K AvQ, Avgvi m‡½
jo‡Z PvI, GwM‡q G‡mv|Õ
Pj‡b, ej‡b Ges Mo‡b BD‡ivwcqvb †Rbv‡ij †MÖMwi Avm‡jB
wQ‡jb kw³kvjx gjø‡hv×v| ZvB lô w`b mKv‡j wZwb wb‡RB GwM‡q
G‡jb †hb `y-GKRb gymjgvb †Rbv‡ij‡K Ø›Øhy‡× wbR nv‡Z nZ¨v K‡i
hy‡×i ïi“‡ZB gymjgvb ˆmb¨‡ì n‡Zv`¨g K‡i †djv hvq| Avi †mB `y -
GKR‡bi †fZi GKRb hw` Lvwj` nb, Z‡e †Zv Avi K_vB †bB|
28gyevwiRyb Ø›Øhy×
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†MÖMwii P¨v‡j‡Ä mevi cÖ_g mvov w`‡jb Avey Devq`v wb‡R| wKš‘
†MÖMwii Avùvjb †`‡L Ab¨ gymjgvb KgvÛviiv mevB Zv‡K wbe„Ë Ki‡Z
PvB‡jb; eis Ø›Øhy‡× Lvwj‡ì HwZnvwmK †iKW© we‡ePbvq Zviv mevB
gZ w`j Lvwj‡ì c‡¶| wKš‘ mevB‡K AevK K‡i w`‡q Avey Devq`v Zvi
†mbvcÖav‡bi c`vwaKvie‡j wbR wm×v‡šÍ AUj _vK‡jb| Zvici wb‡Ri
†Nvovi wc‡V P‡o Lvwj‡ì D‡Ï‡k ej‡jb, Òhw` Avwg bv wdwi †m-†¶‡Î
Dgi web LvËv‡ei cieZ©x wb‡`©k bv Avmv ch©šÍ gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx
†`Lfv‡ji `vwqZ¡ †Zvgv‡KB w`‡q hvw”Q|Ó
Avey Devq`v gymjgvb d«›U Qvwo‡q mvg‡b †bvg¨vbm j¨v‡Ûi cÖv‡šÍ
wM‡q †Nvov _vgv‡jb| Zvici Lvc †_‡K Zievwi nv‡Z wb‡q †Nvovi
jvMvgUv wXjv K‡i w`‡q ÔAvjøvû AvKeviÕ e‡j ûsKvi w`‡q †Nvovi †c‡U
†Mvovwj `vev‡jb| gyn~‡Z©B wZi‡e‡M Zvi †Nvov †MÖMwii w`‡K †a‡q †h‡Z
ïi“ Kij| Avey Devq`v‡K Zievwi wb‡q GwM‡q Avm‡Z †`‡L †MÖMwiI
Zvi Lvc ‡_‡K Zievwi ‡ei K‡i Avey Devq`vi w`‡K Zvi †Nvov
†QvUv‡jb| †bvg¨vbm j¨v‡Ûi gvSLv‡b ïi“ n‡jv GK k¦vmiæ×Ki ˆØi_|
evBRv›UvBb Avi gymjgvb †mbviv mevB hvi hvi †mbvcwZi Rb¨ Mjv
dvwU‡q wPrKvi K‡i Drmvn w`‡Z jvMj| `yRb AwfÁ Zievwi-†hv×vi
Zievwi‡Z †iv‡ì Av‡jv gyûg©yû Sj‡m DV‡Z jvMj| wKQy¶‡Yi Rb¨ †hb
mgq _g‡K †Mj Avi mgv‡b mgvb hy× Pjj| Gici nVvr †MÖMwi †Nvov
Nywi‡q wcVUvb w`‡jb| wKš‘ bv‡Qvoev›`v Avey Devq`v †Muvqv‡oi g‡Zv
m‡e©v”P MwZ‡Z †Nvov QywU‡q †MÖMwii wcQy wb‡jb| mvgvb¨ †cQ‡b wd‡i
Avey Devq`v‡K Avm‡Z w`‡L †MÖMwi mš‘wói gyPwK nvwm nvm‡jb| KviY
Avie †Rbv‡ij Zvi duv‡` cv w`‡q‡Qb|
†MÖMwi‡K wcVUvb w`‡Z †`‡L gymjgvb d«›U ZLb Djøv‡m †d‡U
c‡o‡Q| DjøwmZ Avey Devq`v hLb S‡oi †e‡M †MÖMwii †cQb †_‡K
GwM‡q Avm‡Z jvM‡jb, ZLb nVvr K‡iB †MÖMwi Zvi †Nvovi MwZ Kwg‡q
w`‡jb| D‡ÏkÜv wQj wb‡Ri †Nvov‡K nVvr †eªK Kwl‡q _vwg‡q fvimvg¨
i¶v Kiv, †hb cvk w`‡q Avey Devq`v Zvi †Nvov wb‡q Zxeª MwZ‡Z
†ewi‡q hvIqvi mgq Zvi ey‡K Zievwi Pvwj‡q Zv‡K `yB UyK ‡iv K‡i †djv
hvq|
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wKš‘ Avey Devq`vI AwfÁ †hv×v| wZwb PU K‡i †MÖMwii GB Pvj
a‡i †dj‡jb| nVvr _g‡K hvIqv †MÖMwi‡K AwZµg Kivi wVK AvM
gyn~‡Z©B Awek¦vm¨ wi‡d¬‡· wZwb k~‡b¨ jvwd‡q DV‡jb Ges evDwj †K‡U
kixiUv †MÖMwii Zievwii bvMv‡ji mvgvb¨ evB‡i wb‡q wM‡q k~‡b¨ fvmgvb
Ae¯’vqB †MÖMwii Kjøv eivei Zievwii †Kvc Pvjv‡jb|
MwZ, †`‡ni fi Avi evûi kw³ wgwj‡q Avey Devq`vi fqvbK †mB
AvNv‡Z GK †Kv‡cB †MÖMwii ao gvwU‡Z jywU‡q coj| Avey Devq`v K‡l
jvMvg †U‡b †Nvovi wc‡V wb‡R‡K mvg‡j wb‡q gymjgvb d«‡›Ui w`‡K
†Nvov Nywi‡q iIbv w`‡jb| gvwU‡Z c‡o aodo Ki‡Z _vKv gyÐzwenxb
†MÖMwii †`nUvi w`‡K wd‡iI ZvKv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb †eva Ki‡jb bv wZwb|
Avey Devq`v wd‡i Avm‡ZB Lvwj` gymjgvb c`vwZK evwnbxi fvi
Zvi nv‡Z wdwi‡q w`‡q Avg‡ii evwnbxi Ae¯’v‡bi w`‡K QyU‡jb| KviY
Avg‡ii evwnbxi †cQ‡bB AvR Zvi †gvevBj MvW© K¨vfvjwi wiRvf© GKK
BDwbU wn‡m‡e A‡c¶vq Av‡Q| Iqvg© Avc Ø›Øhy‡×i cvjv †kl| PviUv
w`b a‡i Lvwj` GB w`bUvi Avkvq eyK †eu‡a wQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l ïi“ n‡Z
hv‡”Q Lvwj` web Iqvwj‡ì †mB eûj cÖZxw¶Z dvBbvj KvD›Uvi
A‡dwÝf|
Lvwj‡ì g~j cwiKíbv wQj cÖ_‡gB †MvUv evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbxi
euv w`KUv AvU‡K †Ìqv, †hb †KD Iw`K w`‡q Rvweqv †ivW a‡i `v‡g‡¯‹i
w`‡K cvjv‡Z bv cv‡i| †mRb¨ ïi“‡ZB wZwb evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi
wiRvf©‡K Uv‡M©U Ki‡jb| ïi“‡ZB evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi‡K nwU‡q w`‡Z
cvi‡j evBRv›UvBb c`vwZK wWwfkb¸‡jv K¨vfvjwi mv‡cvU© Qvov jovi
D`¨g nvwi‡q †dj‡e, hwÌ msL¨vq GLbI Zviv gymjgvb‡ì †_‡K
A‡bK †ewk| wKš‘ K¨vfvjwi mnvqZv Qvov evBRv›UvBb c`vwZK evwnbxi
c‡¶ gymjgvb c`vwZK Avi K¨vfvjwii mgš^‡q Kiv AvµgY mvgjv‡bv
cÖvq Am¤¢e|
Gici Lvwj‡ì cwiKíbv †MvUv evBRv›UvBb evwnbx‡K DËi w`K
(evBRv›UvBb‡ì euv w`K) †_‡K †V‡m a‡i Iqvw` Di ivKv‡ì w`‡K wb‡q
hvIqv| ILv‡b MZiv‡ZB Rviivi AvBbvj `vKvi weªR `L‡j wb‡q
wb‡q‡Qb| myZivs euv †_‡K AvµvšÍ n‡q †cQv‡Z bv †c‡i AMZ¨v
evBRv›UvBbiv wb‡R‡ì Wv‡b AviI `w¶‡Y BqvigyK b`xi w`‡K Pvc‡Z
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eva¨ n‡e| Avi GB Iqvw` Di ivKv` Avi BqvigyK b`xi ms‡hvM¯’‡ji
wÎfyR f~wgB n‡jv Lvwj‡ì Kvw•ÿZ wKwjs MÖvDÛ5, †hLv‡b wZwb BqvigyK
hy‡×i P~ovšÍ wb®úwË Ki‡Z Pvb|
†MÖMwi‡K gjøhy‡× nvwi‡q Avey Devq`v wdi‡ZB Lvwj` gymjgvb
c`vwZK Avµg‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Zvi nv‡Z Zy‡j w`‡q wb‡R Zvi †gvevBj Mv‡W©i
m‡½ wg‡k †M‡jb| Lvwj‡ì AvµgY ïi“i ms‡KZ †c‡ZB me gymjgvb
d«›U GK‡hv‡M evBRv›UvBb d«‡›Ui w`‡K †a‡q †Mj| K¨vfvjwi mv‡cvU©
QvovB eªW d«‡›U gymjgvb c`vwZK evwnbxi GB Avµg‡Y evBRv›UvBbiv
¶wY‡Ki Rb¨ Pg‡K †Mj| wKš‘ `ªæZB Zviv PgK KvwU‡q D‡V Zxeª
cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zyjj|
cwiKíbvgvwdK BqvwR` Avi Avey Devq`v †Rbv‡ij Kzwi‡bi Aaxb
evBRv›UvBb ivBU DBs Avi ivBU †m›Uvi‡K Gb‡MRW ivL‡jb| wKš‘
myivwej Avi Avg‡ii evwnbx KvbvwZ‡ii Av‡g©wbqvb Avi ¯øvf evwnbx‡K
mvg‡b †_‡K Zxeªfv‡e AvµgY Kij| wVK GKB mg‡q Lvwj` Zvi
K¨vfvjwi wiRv‡f©i GK Ask‡K KvbvwZ‡ii evwnbxi †cQ‡b ivLv
evBRv›UvBb jvBU K¨vfvjwii Ici †jwj‡q w`‡q wb‡R Aewkó †gvevBj
MvW© wb‡q KvbvwZ‡ii ¯øvf evwnbxi euv d¬¨v‡¼ PvR© Ki‡jb|
evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbx‡Z Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì me‡P‡q mvnmx †hv×v e‡j
MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv, m¤¢eZ †m-Kvi‡YB BqvigyK hy‡×I evBRv›UvBb †m›Uvi
Av‡g©wbqvb †hv×v‡ì wb‡qB Mov n‡qwQj| wKš‘ ¯øvfiv weL¨vZ wQj
Kómwnòy kw³kvjx †hv×v wn‡m‡e| Zv Qvov msL¨vqI ¯øvfiv AvR Avg‡ii
evwnbxi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| ZvB Avg‡ii c`vwZKwbf©i m¤§yL AvµgY
cÖvq wed‡j hvIqvi Dcµg n‡jv| wKš‘ Zv‡ì euv DBs †_‡K Lvwj` hLb
K¨vfvjwi PvR© K‡i em‡jb, ZLb cwiw¯’wZ `ªæZ cv‡ë †Mj|
¯øvf‡ì Ici K¨vfvjwi d¬¨vw¼s PvR© Kivi Av‡MB Lvwj` Zvi
†gvevBj Mv‡W©i GKvsk w`‡q ¯øvf‡ì Rb¨ eivÏ evBRv›UvBb
K¨vfvjvwi‡K AvµgY K‡i emvq ¯øvf c`vwZK evwnbx Lvwj‡ì K¨vfvjwi
Pv‡R©i gy‡L `ªæZ †LB nviv‡Z ïi“ Kij| evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi cÖvYc‡Y
†Póv Kij gymjgvb K¨vfvjwi‡K c_ †_‡K mwi‡q ¯øvf c`vwZK‡ì
5. GjvKv, †hLv‡b cÖwZc¶‡K wb‡Kk Kivi cwiKíbv Kiv nq|
86
mnvqZvq GwM‡q Avm‡Z| wKš‘ Lvwj‡ì cvVv‡bv K¨vfvjwi wiRv‡f©i
GKvsk evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi Avi ¯øvf c`vwZK evwnbxi gvSLv‡b
†`qv‡ji g‡Zv ùvwo‡q †Mj|
29lô w`‡bi hy×-১
mvg‡b †_‡K Avg‡ii Avi euv DBs †_‡K Lvwj‡ì wØgyLx Avµg‡Y
w`‡knviv ¯øvfiv cÖ_‡g wcQy nU‡Z PvBj| wKš‘ Zv‡ì wVK †cQ‡bB ZLb
Lvwj‡ì K¨vfvjwii GKvs‡ki m‡½ evBRv›UvBb †jdU DBs K¨vfvjwii
Zygyj jovB Pj‡Q| AMZ¨v mvg‡b, †cQ‡b Avi euv DBs †_‡K Aeiæ×
¯øvfiv ûogyo K‡i Zv‡ì Wv‡b myivwe‡ji wei“‡× jo‡Z _vKv
Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì m‡½ wg‡k hvIqvi †Póv Kij| ¯øvf‡ì GB G‡jv‡g‡jv
AvMg‡b GKw`‡K Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì dvBwUs d‡g©k‡b6 †hgb fRNU †j‡M
RMvwLPywo Ae¯’v ˆZwi n‡jv, †Zgwb AvZw¼Z ¯øvfiv Gevi Av‡g©wbqvb
ˆmb¨‡ìI `ªæZ bvf©vm K‡i Zyjj|
¯øvfiv Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì m‡½ wg‡k †h‡ZB evBRv›UvBb d«‡›U †h fRKU
†j‡M †Mj, G my‡hv‡M Lvwj` Zvi †gvevBj MvW© Nywi‡q Zvi cv‡kB
6. jovB‡qi mgq †bIqv iY‡cvg|
87
gymjgvb K¨vfvjwii GKvs‡ki m‡½ jo‡Z _vKv evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi‡K
Zv‡ì Wvb w`K †_‡K AvµgY Ki‡jb| Gevi wØgyLx K¨vfvjwi Pv‡R©i
gy‡L evBRv›UvBb †jdU DBs K¨vfvjwi i‡Y f½ w`j Ges `w¶‡Y fvnv‡bi
g~j K¨vfvjwi wiRv‡f©i w`‡K bv wM‡q †mvRv DË‡i `v‡g‡¯‹i w`‡K
cvjvj| wKš‘ Lvwj` Zv‡ì wcQy avIqv Kivi †Kv‡bv AvMÖnB bv †`wL‡q
eis Zvi K¨vfvjwi wiRv‡f©i `yB Ask‡K †di GKÎ Kivi Av‡`k w`‡jb|
Lvwj` hLb Zvi †gvevBj MvW© wb‡q evBRv›UvBb †jdU DBs
K¨vfvjwi‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z mvg‡b †_‡K m‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb, Avgi ZLbB
Zvi evwnbx wb‡q †mB k~b¨¯’vb c~iY K‡i Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì euv d¬¨v‡¼
Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ R‡ov n‡jb| wKQy¶Y Av‡MI wVK GLvbUvq ùvwo‡qB ¯øvf
evwnbx Zvi wei“‡× jowQj| Avg‡ii evwnbx‡K Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì euv d¬¨v‡¼
R‡ov n‡Z †`‡L myivwej Zvi Avµg‡Yi avi evwo‡q w`‡jb| wKQy¶‡Yi
g‡a¨ Avg‡ii evwnbxI Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì euv DBs †_‡K nvg‡j coj| wKš‘
m`¨ †hvM †Ìqv ¯øvf‡ì wb‡q Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì msL¨v GB gyn~‡Z© nVvr
K‡iB A‡bK †e‡o †M‡Q| ZvB myivwej Avg‡ii wØgyLx Avµg‡YI KvR
nw”Qj bv|
Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì euv DBs eivei R‡ov nIqvi mgqB Avgi †`L‡Z
†c‡jb †h Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì †cQ‡bB Zv‡ì Rb¨ eivÏ evBRv›UvBb †jdU
†m›Uvi K¨vfvjwi Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ R‡ov n‡”Q| †h‡Kv‡bv evwnbxi DBsB
Zvi me‡P‡q eo `ye©jZv| Ae¯’v Ggb †h Avgi GLb hLb Zvi evwnbx
wb‡q Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì euv d¬¨v‡¼ AvµgY Ki‡eb, ZLbB evBRv›UvBb †jdU
†m›Uvi K¨vfvjwiI G‡m Avg‡ii evwnbxi Wvb d¬¨v‡¼ PvR© Ki‡e|
K¨vfvjwi Pv‡R©i wei“‡× Zvi c`vwZK evwnbx †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Kzwj‡q DV‡Z
cvi‡e bv, wKš‘ GB gyn~‡Z© Gme †f‡e Avi †Kv‡bv jvfB †bB, wcwQ‡q
AvmviI mgq Avi †bB| Dcvq GLb GKUvB, evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi G‡m
I‡ì Ici PovI nIqvi Av‡MB Av‡g©wbqvb c`vwZK evwnbxi Ici
nvg‡j c‡o wg‡k †h‡Z n‡e; wb‡R‡ì K¨vfvjwi wb‡R‡ì c`vwZK
d‡g©k‡bi †fZ‡i Xy‡K gymjgvb‡ì Avµg‡Yi m¤¢vebv Kg| ZvB ÔAvjøvû
AvKeiÕ e‡j Avgi Zvi evwnbx wb‡q mvg‡bi Av‡g©wbqvb d¬¨v‡¼i w`‡K
`ªæZ †a‡q †M‡jb|
88
nVvr me K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©‡K GKÎ K‡i Lvwj` GK kw³kvjx
†gvevBj wiRvf© ˆZwi K‡i †hfv‡e evBRv›UvBb †jdU DBs K¨vfvjwi‡K
BqvigyKQvov K‡i‡Qb, Zv †`‡L fvnv‡bi †ev‡av`q n‡jv| wZwb eyS‡jb
†h Lvwj` Zvi GKK †gvevBj wiRvf© w`‡q Pvi fv‡M wef³ evBRv›UvBb
†gvevBj wiRv‡f©i GKUvi ci GKUv‡K gvVQvov Kivi cuvqZviv Kl‡Qb|
BwZg‡a¨ Zvi †jdU DBs K¨vfvjwi `v‡g‡¯‹i c‡_ cvwj‡q‡Q| AZGe
wZwb Zvi me K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©‡K GKÎ Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡jb, †hb Zvi
GKÎ †gvevBj wiRvf© w`‡q wZwb Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj wiRvf©‡K nwU‡q w`‡Z
cv‡ib|
fvnv‡bi wb‡`©k Avg‡ii Rb¨ Avkxe©v` e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡jv| mwe¯§‡q
Avgi †`L‡jb Zvi evwnbxi Wvb d¬¨v‡¼ R‡ov n‡Z _vKv evBRv›UvBb
†m›Uv‡ii K¨vfvjwi wiRvf© nVvr AvµgY bv K‡i eis w`K cv‡ë `ªæZ
†cQ‡bi w`‡K P‡j †Mj| Iw`‡K evBRv›UvBb †jdU DBs K¨vfvjwi
`v‡g‡¯‹i c‡_ cvjv‡ZB Lvwj` Gevi KvbvwZ‡ii Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì w`‡K
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡jb|
Avg‡ii g‡ZvB wZwbI evBRv›UvBb †m›Uv‡ii K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©‡K
nVvr wcwQ‡q †h‡Z †`L‡jb Ges gyn~‡Z©i Rb¨ Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì †cQb †_‡K
Avµg‡Yi K_v GKevi fve‡jb| wKš‘ cigyn~‡Z© fvnv‡bi cwiKíbvi K_v
†f‡e Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì myivwej Avi Avg‡ii nv‡Z †Q‡o w`‡q wZwb
evBRv›UvBb †m›Uv‡ii K¨vfvjwi wiRv‡f©i wcQy wb‡jb|
Lvwj` fv‡jv K‡iB Rvb‡Zb fvnvb hw` GKevi Zvi K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©
GKÎ K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib, Zv n‡j †mB wekvj K¨vfvjwi wiRvf©‡K nviv‡bvi
mva¨ Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj Mv‡W©i †bB| wKš‘ fvnv‡bi K¨vfvjwi
†¯‹vqvW«b¸‡jv ZLbI GKK K¨vfvjwi wiRvf© wn‡m‡e R‡ov n‡q DV‡Z
cv‡iwb| Avi †h †Kv‡bv evwnbxB R‡ov nIqvi mgq (dwg©s Avc)
wKQy¶‡Yi Rb¨ AcÖ¯ÍyZ Avi `ye©j Ae¯’vq _v‡K| ZvB Lvwj` GB my‡hvM
nvZQvov Ki‡Z PvB‡jb bv|
Lvwj` Pjvi c‡_B AviI GKevi Zvi †gvevBj MvW©‡K `yB fvM K‡i
wb‡q GK‡hv‡M fvnv‡bi K¨vfvjwi wiRv‡f©i Ici nvg‡j co‡jb| e¨v‡Uj
d‡g©k‡b Avm‡Z cvivi Av‡MB Ggb ¯ú‡qwjs A¨vUv‡Ki gy‡L c‡o
evBRv›UvBb †¯‹vqvW«b¸‡jv wew”Qbœfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjvi †Póv Kij|
89
wKš‘ evBRv›UvBb K¨vUvd«¨v± †¯‹vqvW«b¸‡jvi †P‡q Lvwj‡ì †¯‹vqvW«b¸‡jv
A‡c¶vK…Z nvjKv| Lvwj‡ì †¯‹vqvW«b¸‡jv nvjKv nIqvq †QvU †QvU
†XD‡qi g‡Zv evievi G‡m fvix evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi‡K wech©¯Í K‡i
Zyjj|
Ae¯’v †eMwZK †`‡L Av‡g©wbqvb K¨vfvjwi KgvÛviiv Zv‡ì
†mbvcÖavb fvnvb‡K wN‡i †d‡j myiw¶Z K‡i DË‡i `v‡g‡¯‹i w`‡K Qy‡U
Pjj| evwK evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi AM©vbvBRW wiqviMvW© A¨vKk‡bi
gva¨‡g wcQy †bIqv gymjgvb K¨vfvjwii nvZ †_‡K wb‡R‡ì Qvwo‡q wb‡Z
†Póv K‡i †Mj|
30lô w`‡bi hy×-২
Gevi Lvwj` cjvqbiZ evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi‡K hy×‡¶‡Îi evB‡i

ch©šÍ Zvwo‡q wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ Zvi †gvevBj Mv‡W©i Av‡iK Ask‡K
`vwqZ¡ w`‡q wb‡Ri Ask wb‡q Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì d«‡›U Qy‡U Pj‡jb| BwZg‡a¨
mvg‡b Avi euv †_‡K AvµvšÍ Av‡g©wbqvb evwnbx Zygyj jowQj| wKš‘ Lvwj`
hLb †cQb †_‡KI Zv‡ì AvµgY K‡i em‡jb, ZLb Zv‡ì me
cÖwZ‡iva `yg‡o †Mj| Av‡g©wbqvb‡ì nvj †Q‡o w`‡Z †`‡L Gevi Avey
Devq`v Avi BqvwRÌ Zv‡ì `w¶Y d«‡›U Avµg‡Yi avi evwo‡q w`‡jb|
90
31lô w`‡bi hy×-৩
gyn~‡Z© Aewkó evBRv›UvBb d«›URy‡o wcQy nUvi wnwoK c‡o †Mj|

mevB ZLb Iqvw` Di ivKv‡ì weªR AvBbvj `vKv‡ii w`‡K QyUj| a~Z©
Lvwj` Zv‡ì wcQy nUvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡jb| Avgi, myivwej, Avey Devq`v
Avi BqvwR‡ì evwnbx ZLb gvjvi g‡Zv evBRv›UvBb‡ì wcQy wcQy wbivc`
`~iZ¡ eRvq †i‡L AbymiY Kij| Lvwj` Zvi †gvevBj wiRvf© wb‡q wcQy
nU‡Z _vKv evBRv›UvBb‡ì DËi w`KUv wekvj GK ÔKvU Ad cvwU©Õi7
g‡Zv K‡i MvW© K‡i ivL‡jb, †hb †KD `v‡g‡¯‹i w`‡K cvjv‡Z bv cv‡i
Ges fvnv‡bi †gvevBj wiRvf© nVvr wd‡i G‡jI †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB g~j
evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbxi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡Z bv cv‡i|
Lvwj‡ì Kvi‡Y DË‡i cvjv‡bvi c_ eÜ †R‡b evBRv›UvBbiv AMZ¨v
AvBbvj `vKv‡ii c_B aij| Iqvw` Di ivKv` wMwiLv‡ì GcviUv mgZj
n‡jI AvBbvj `vKvi weª‡Ri Icv‡i cvnv‡oi mvwi| weªR †cwi‡q Icv‡i
†cŠuQv‡ZB cÖ‡ekgyLUv msKxY© n‡q G‡m‡Q| evBRv›UvBbiv weª‡Ri Ici
DV‡ZB Icv‡ii cvnv‡oi Avovj †_‡K GZ¶Y a‡i jywK‡q _vKv
Rviiv‡ii ˆmbïv wZi-abyK, cv_i Avi Zievwi nv‡Z †ewi‡q Gj|
7. `ywU evwnbx‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ `j|
91
weª‡Ri Icv‡ii f~wgi MVbB Ggb msKxY© †h weªR †cwi‡q Lye †ewk
†jvK GKm‡½ Rgv‡qZ nIqvi my‡hvM †bB| Zvi ciI wKQy mvnmx
evBRv›UvBb Rviivi‡ì nwU‡q w`‡Z cÖv‡Yi gvqv Z¨vM K‡iB GwM‡q †Mj
Ges Rviiv‡ii evwnbxi nv‡Z cÖvY nvivj| Iw`‡K †cQ‡bi evBRv›UvBb
ˆmbïv wKQy bv ey‡SB mvg‡b †Vj‡Z jvMj| d‡j Iqvw` Di ivKv‡ì
wKbviv †_‡K A‡b‡KB Mwo‡q Mfxi Lv‡ì Zjvq AvQ‡o co‡Z jvMj|
G c‡_ †Kv‡bv myweav n‡e bv ey‡S evBRv›UvBbiv Gevi Iqvw` Di
ivKv` a‡i AviI `w¶‡Y GwM‡q †h‡Z jvMj| GwM‡q †h‡Z †h‡Z
GKmgq Zviv BqvigyK b`xi mvg‡b G‡m AvU‡K †Mj| Ae‡k‡l Lvwj`
Zvi cÖwZc¶‡K cQ‡›ì wKwjs MÖvD‡Û †c‡q †M‡jb|
gymjgvb Bb‡dw›U« Avi K¨vfvjwi Gevi BqvigyK b`x Avi Iqvw` Di
ivKv` wMwiLv‡ì ms‡hvM¯’‡ji wÎfy‡R evBRv›UvBb‡ì wN‡i a‡i e„ËUv
µgk †QvU K‡i AvbwQj| mvg‡b gymjgvb evwnbx Avi †cQ‡b fqsKi
Lvov Xvj, Dfq msK‡U c‡o evBRv›UvBbiv †klev‡ii g‡Zv gymjgvb
evwnbx‡K AvµgY Kivi †Póv Kij| D‡Ïk¨ wQj GKm‡½ mevB GwM‡q
G‡m †h †hLvb w`‡q cv‡i gymjgvb evwnbxi e„Ë †f‡O `v‡g‡¯‹i w`‡K
cvwj‡q hvIqvi|
32lô w`‡bi hy×-৪
92
wKš‘ Zviv AvµgY ïi“ Ki‡Z cvivi Av‡MB Lvwj` Zv‡ì muvovwki
g‡Zv †P‡c ai‡jb| evBRv›UvBb cÖ_g jvB‡bi †cQ‡bi ˆmbïv KbyB
bov‡bvi RvqMvUvI cvw”Qj bv| Lvwj` eyS‡jb †Rbv‡ijwkc †`Lv‡bvi
mgq Gevi †kl| †ivgvb evBRv›UvBb mv¤ªv‡Rï cZbNÈv †e‡R †M‡Q|
Gevi †mB cZb wbwðZ Ki‡Z wZwb wb‡R †Lvjv Zievwi nv‡Z mvaviY
ˆmwb‡Ki g‡ZvB nvZvnvwZ hy‡× †b‡g co‡jb|
MZ cuvP w`‡bi hy‡×i †¶vf, fvB-eÜy Avi mvw_ nviv‡bvi Zxeª
Av‡µvk wb‡q gymjgvb ˆmbïv KPyKvUv Ki‡Z jvMj evBRv›UvBb‡ì|
wKQy evBRv›UvBb †¯^”Qvq hy×ew›` n‡Z PvBj| wKš‘ wbR ˆmb¨‡ì
Av‡eM‡K D‡c¶v Kivi kw³ Lvwj‡ì wQj bv| Zv Qvov GZ eo evwnbx‡K
hy×ew›` Kivi SyuwK wZwb wb‡Z Pvbwb| KviY hy×‡k‡l Gme hy×ew›` wg‡j
we‡`ªvn K‡i gymjgvb‡ì AviI ¶wZi KviY n‡Z cviZ| m‡e©vcwi GKUv
cwi®‹vi evZ©v Bmjv‡gi fwel¨r kÎy‡ì Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bv nq‡Zv RiæwiB
wQj; hv Avwd«Kv Avi BD‡iv‡c Bmjv‡gi fwel¨r AMÖhvÎv‡K AviI mnR
K‡i w`‡qwQj|
Bqvigy‡L evBRv›UvBb‡ì civRq wbwðZ n‡ZB Lvwj` fvnvb‡K
LyuR‡Z Pj‡jb| fvnvb ZLb evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwimn `v‡g‡¯‹i DcK‡É
K¨v¤ú K‡iwQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ wZwb Bqvigy‡K †d‡j Avmv evBRv›UvBb
evwnbx‡K D×v‡i wd‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ kw³ mÂq KiwQ‡jb| Ggb Ae¯’vq
Lvwj‡ì †gvevBj MvW© `yw`K †_‡K Zvi K¨v¤ú AvµgY K‡i emj|
evBRv›UvBb fvix K¨vfvjwi AviI GKevi Lvwj‡ì nvjKv K¨vfvjwii
MwZi Kv‡Q nvi gvbj| hy‡×i GKch©v‡q fvnvb cÖvY nviv‡jb Avi Aewkó
evBRv›UvBbiv †Rbv‡ij KvbvwZi Avi Rvevjvni †bZ…‡Z¡ `v‡g‡¯‹i w`‡K
cvwj‡q euvPj| BqvigyK hy‡× GB wbi¼yk weR‡qi gva¨‡gB †ivgvb-
evBRv›UvBb mv¤ªv‡Rï cZ‡bi ïi“|
93
Aa¨vq ev‡iv
Dcmsnvi : DBwKwcwWqvi g~j¨vqb
evBRv›UvBb evwnbxi ‡kvPbxq civR‡qi GB msev` Gw›UI‡K mg«vU

‡nivwK¬h়v‡mi Kv‡Q ‡cŠQv‡bvi ci wZwb c«PÛ fv‡e ‡f‡O cW‡়b| wZwb
Zvi Zvi fvwMœ gviwUbv‡K ‡Rvi cye©K weh‡় K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi GB
AvcK‡gi« Kvi‡bB evBRv›UvBb evwnbx Gfv‡e civwRZ n‡qwQj e‡j wZwb
g‡b Ki‡Zb| AZGe wZwb Zvi Dc‡`óv‡ì wbh‡় K¨v‡_W«v‡j ‰eV‡K
e‡mb Ges cwiw¯’wZi we‡k lY K‡i ‡Nvlbv ‡`b ‡h RbMY I Zvi cv‡ci
Kvi‡YB GgbUv nh‡়‡Q| Gici ‡nivwK¬h়vm GK iv‡Z Rvnv‡R PW‡়
Kb÷vw›U‡bvc‡ji c‡_ iIh়vbv nb| wmwih়vi c«wZ ‡nivwK¬h়vm Zvi
we`vh়evZ©vq e‡jb:
we`vh়, `xN© we`vh় wmwih়v, Avgvi PgrKvi c«‡`k! Zywg GLb

kÎy‡ì nv‡Z| Zywg kvwš—‡Z _v‡Kv, ‡n wmwih়v; kÎy‡ì Rb¨ Zywg KZ
my›ì f~wg!
‡nivwK¬h়vm U«y µm I ‡Ri“Rv‡j‡g iw¶Z Ab¨vb¨ Av‡iv

¯§…wZwPýmn wmwih়v Z¨vM K‡ib| Kw_Z Av‡Q ‡h mg«v‡Ui cvwbi fh়
wQj| ZvB emdivm cvi nIh়vi Rb¨ c›Uyb ‡mZy ‰Zix Kiv nh‡়wQj|
wmwih়v Z¨vM Kivi ci ‡nivwK¬h়vm Avbv‡Zvwjh়v I wgki i¶vi Rb¨
Zvi evwK evwnbx‡K msMwVZ Kiv ïi“ K‡ib| 638-39 wL«óv‡ã
evB‡R›UvBb Av‡g©wbh়v gymwjg‡ì nv‡Z Av‡m| Gici Zvimym kn‡ii
c~e© w`‡Ki `yM©¸‡jv Lvwj Kivi wb‡`©k w`h‡় ‡nivwK¬h়vm ga¨
Avbv‡Zvwjh়vh় GKwU evdvi AÂj c«wZóv K‡ib| 639-642 wL«óv‡ã
gymwjgiv wgki Rh় K‡i|
GB hy‡× gymwjg‡ì weRh‡়i d‡j wmwih়vh় evB‡R›UvBb
kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U| mvgwiK BwZnv‡m GB hy× Ab¨Zg djvdj
94
wba©viYKvix hy× wn‡m‡e MY¨ nh়| gynv¤§` (mv) Gi g…Zÿi ci GB hy×
Rh় gymwjg weRh‡়i c«_g e…nr weRh় wn‡m‡e ‡`Lv nh়| msL¨v
¯^íZv m‡Ë&‡eI `¶ ‡bZ…‡Z¡i gva¨‡g ‡ewk kw³kvjx evwnbx‡K Zyjbvg~jK
Kg kw³kvjx evwnbx civwRZ Kivh় mvgwiK BwZnv‡m Bh়vigy‡Ki
hy×‡K D`vniY wn‡m‡e aiv hvh়|
Lvwj` Zvi evwnbxi msL¨v ¯^íZvi K_v eyS‡Z ‡c‡iwQ‡jb Ges ‡kl
w`b ch©š— c«wZi¶vg~jK Ae¯’vb ‡_‡K hy× K‡i‡Qb| ‡kl w`‡b P~W ়vš—
Avµg‡Yi mgh় wZwb Zvi Kíbv, `~i`…wó I mvn‡mi mv‡_ Avµg‡Yi
cwiKíbv K‡ib Ges G‡¶‡Î evB‡R›UvBb KgvÛvi‡ì QvWw়h‡় hvb|
A‡c¶vK…Z ¶y`« evwnbx cwiPvjbv Ki‡jI `~i`…wói Kvi‡Y wZwb Zvi GKwU
Ak¦v‡ivnx evwnbx‡K P~W়vš— Avµg‡Yi Av‡Mi iv‡Z c«wZc‡¶i wcQy
nUvi iv¯—v Ae‡iva Ki‡Z wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb|
Bh়vigy‡Ki ‡bZ…‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y Lvwj` web Ih়vwj`‡K BwZnv‡mi
Ab¨Zg ‡k«ô ‡mbvcwZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nh়| Ak¦v‡ivnx ‡mbv‡ì mdj
eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì kw³ I `ye©jZv m¤ú‡K© Zvi ¯úó aviYvi c«gvY
cvIh়v hvh়| Zvi ‡gvevBj MvW© evwnbx `ª“Z GK ¯’vb ‡_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b
‡h‡Z cviZ| Zv‡ì Dcw¯’wZ hy‡×i Ae¯’v e`‡j w`‡Z m¶g wQj Ges
hy×‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì GK ¯’vb ‡_‡K Ab¨Î Mgb hy×‡¶‡Î mdjZv wbh‡়
Av‡m|
fvnvb I Zvi evB‡R›UvBb KgvÛviiv GB Ak¦v‡ivnx evwnbxi mv‡_
‡gvKv‡ejvh় mdj nbwb| Zviv Zv‡ì e…nr evwnbxi mdj eënv‡iI e¨_©
nb| hy‡× evB‡R›UvBb Ak¦v‡ivnxivI ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iwb
Ges Qh়w`‡bi AwaKvsk mgh‡় Zviv wiRvf© wn‡m‡e wQj| Zviv KL‡bv
Zv‡ì AvµgY GwMh‡় wb‡Z cv‡iwb Ges PZy_© w`b GKwU djvdj wba©v
iYx AvµgY m¤¢e n‡jI Zviv my‡hvM Kv‡R jvMv‡Z e¨_© nh়|
KgvÛvi‡ì g‡a¨ msNv‡Zi d‡j Ggb Ae¯’vi m…wó nh়| A‡bK wL«óvb
Avie wQj mvaviY ‰mwbK| Ab¨w`‡K gymwjg‡ì AwaKvsk `¶ ‰mwbK
wQj|
95
wmwih়vh় gymwjg‡ì aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ ‡nivwK¬h ়v‡mi cwiKíbv
ev¯—evh়‡bi Rb¨ `ª“Z c`‡¶‡ci c«h‡়vRb wQj| wKš‘ KgvÛviiv
G‡¶‡Î `¶Zv ‡`Lv‡Z cv‡ibwb| ‡nivwK¬h়vm hv e…nr ‡KŠkjMZ ‡¯‹‡j
cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb Lvwj` Zv ‡QvU ‡KŠkjMZ ‡¯‹‡j ev¯—evh়b
K‡ib| wbR evwnbx‡K wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b `ª“Z msMwVZ K‡i Lvwj` e…nr
evB‡R›UvBb evwnbx‡K civwRZ Ki‡Z m¶g nb|
c¶vš—‡I fvnvb Zvi msL¨vwaK¨‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z e¨_© nb Ges
m¤¢eZ hy×‡¶‡Îi f~ZvwË¡K ‰ewkó¨ eW় AvKv‡ii ‡mbv mgv‡e‡ki c‡¶
AmyweavRbK wQj| Z‡e fvnvb ‡Kv‡bv ‡¶‡Î Zvi e…nr evwnbx‡K Kv‡R
jvwMh‡় mdjfv‡e c«wZc‡¶i mvwi ‡f` Ki‡Z m¶g nbwb| Qh়w`‡bi
g‡a¨ cvuPw`b wZwb AvµgYvZ¥K f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡jI Zvi hy× web¨vm
‡gvUvgywU w¯’i wQj| GmKj Kvi‡Y Lvwj‡ì Rb¨ ‡k‡li w`b myweavRbK
Ae¯’v ‰Zix nh়| Gmgh় Lvwj` Zvi mKj Ak¦v‡ivnx‡ì mg‡eZ K‡i
mymsMwVZfv‡e AvµgY K‡ib Ges Gi d‡j weRh় AwR©Z nh়|
c«L¨vZ gvwK©b BwZnvmwe` RR© Gd. bvdwRMvi Zvi Bmjvg GU
Ih়vi M«‡š’ hy‡×i eY©bvh় wj‡L‡Qb:
Bh়vigy‡Ki K_v eZ©gv‡b Kg ‡kvbv ‡M‡jI GwU gvby‡li BwZnv‡m
Ab¨Zg c«avb djvdj wba©viYx hy×...... ‡nivwK¬h়v‡mi evwnbx Rh়x n‡j
eZ©gvb c…w_ex GZUvB wfbœ nZ ‡h Zv‡K Avjv`v K‡i ‡Pbv ‡hZ bv|
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1

“To plan to reserve cavalry for the finish of the battle,

Aa¨vq `yB/BqvigyK hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU

Aa¨vq wZb/evBRv›UvBb cÖ¯ÍywZ

Aa¨vq Pvi/wcwQ‡q Avmvi †mB hyMvšÍKvix wm×vš—

Aa¨vq cuvP/evBRv›UvBb‡`i Av‡cvl c«¯—ve

Aa¨vq Qq/BqvigyK iYv½‡b evBRv›UvBb ebvg gymjgvb ‡mbvevwnbx

Aa¨vq mvZ/cÖ_g w`‡bi hy× : gyevwiRyb‡`i w`b

Aa¨vq AvU/wØZxq w`‡bi hy× : c«wZ‡iva hy‡× AwØZxq ‡mbvcwZ Lvwj`

Aa¨vq bq/Z…Zxq w`‡bi hy× : K¨vfvjwi ‡Rbv‡ij Lvwj‡`i iY‰bcyY¨

Aa¨vq `k/PZy_© w`‡bi hy× : `¨ e¨v‡Uj Ae j÷ AvBR

Aa¨vq GMv‡iv/cÂg I lô w`‡bi hy× : ‡hw`b evBRv›UvBb m~h© A¯—wgZ

Lvwj` web Iqvwj‡`i bv‡gi K¨vwjMÖvwdK Dc¯’vcbv

1m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qv‡mi Avg‡ji evBRv›UvBb gy`ªv

5. evwnbx cwiPvjbv Ges †bZ…Z¡ †`Iqvi `vwqZ¡|

Gici Lvwj` Dû` Ges L›`‡Ki hy‡× †KvivBk‡`i n‡q gymjgvb‡`i

3wiÏvn hy‡× Lvwj`

gvwjK mivmwi Lvwj‡`i m‡½ †Kv‡bv hy‡× bv Rwo‡q Av‡iK ¯^‡NvwlZ

মনসয মনয এবাং প্তে শর্োেী পেন্ত

েু মলে মখলো র্ শো সন এই অঞ্চল পরবর্ীসর্ ইরোে নোসে পমরমচমর্ লোভ্ েসর ।

11. _gvm wQ‡jb m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qv‡mi †g‡qi RvgvB|

5wmwiqv Awfhv‡b Lvwj`

6BD‡iv‡ci w`‡K avegvb Lvwj`

G‡gmv _vKvKv‡j GKevi Lvwj` GK we‡kl cvbxq Øviv †Mvmj K‡ib

7Lvwj` web Iqvwj` gmwR`, wmwiqv

Lwjdv Avey eKi †Ljvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ †bIqvi ciciB KwVb GK P¨v‡j‡Äi

8Lvwj` wmwiqvb giæf~wg n‡q BivK †_‡K wmwiqv hvIqv

5. †mbv`‡ji GwM‡q Pjv|

Kbdv‡iÝ iægRy‡o wcbcZb wb¯ÍäZv; Ae‡k‡l Avey Devq`v †mB

1. kÎæi Ae¯’vb I MwZwewa-m¤úwK©Z †Mv‡q›`v Z_¨|

9m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qv‡mi iY-cwiKíbv

g¨vwbqvn wK †nivwK¬qv‡mi †g‡q wQ‡jb, bvwK bvZwb, Zv wb‡q HwZnvwmK

1. mvmvbxq ev mmwbqb mv¤ªvR¨ Biv‡b Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi Av‡M †mLvbKvi me©‡kl

636 mv‡ji Ry‡bi gvSvgvwS evBRv›UvBb †mbvevwnbx Gw›UIL Avi

17. GKB D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji Rb¨ weKí cwiKíbv|

gymjgvb †mbvevwnbx Rvweqv †cŠu‡Q ¸wQ‡q IVvi Av‡MB m¤ªvU †nivwK¬qvm

Ae‡k‡l †Rbv‡ij fvnvb `¨ Av‡g©wbqvb Zvi evBRv›UvBb eûRvwZK

5. AvµgY Kivi Rb¨ ‡mbvevwnbxi mvg‡bi ‡Lvjv RvqMv|

1. cÖwZc‡¶i Ici AvµgY ïiæ Kivi ZvwiL Avi mgq|

3. hy× ïiæi Av‡Mi wbqwgZ Kvh©µg|

12Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx †dvm© †Pbvi c×wZ

1. evwnbx¸‡jvi PjvP‡ji MwZ|

evBRv›UvBb K¨vfvjwi KgvÛvi‡`i bvg Rvbv hvqwb| Z‡e Zv‡`i

d«‡›Ui c`vwZK BDwbU¸‡jvi (evwnbx) cÖ_g wZb-Pvi mvwi c`vwZK

5. Mv †Nu‡l `uvwo‡q Xvj¸‡jv me QvZvi g‡Zv a‡i|

evBRv›UvBb GB †gvZv‡q‡bi wecix‡Z Lvwj` Zvi †mbvevwnbx‡K

17`yc¶B mviv d«‡›U‡R gy‡LvgywL `uvovj

`yc¶B mviv d«‡›U‡R gy‡LvgywL `uvovj| Aek¨ gymjgv‡biv

9 . wbw`©ó djvd‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨|

iv‡Z fvnvb Zvi Iqvi KvDwÝji‡`i wb‡q ciw`‡bi hy×-cwiKíbvq

14. mivmwi mvg‡b †_‡K AvµgY|

1. Nb n‡q, G‡K A‡b¨i Kuv‡a Kuva jvwM‡q G‡Mv‡bv|

19Bqvigy‡Li hy× : wØZxq w`b : evBRv›UvBb AvµgY ce

Iw`‡K gymjgvb ivBU DBs‡q †Rbv‡ij Avgi web Av‡mi evwnbxi

6. msiw¶Z Ak¦v‡ivnx `j|

AMZ¨v Avey mywdqvb mgq bó bv K‡i d«‡›Ui w`‡K †Nvovi gyL

20Bqvigy‡Li hy× : 16 AvM÷, 636 : wØZxq w`b : Avg‡ii evwnbx‡K D×vi

21Bqvigy‡Li hy× : wØZxq w`b : BqvwR‡`i evwnbx‡K D×vi