Introduction to Administration

Name : Hanna Dela Sadidayumlik

NIM : 195030207111103

No : 23

Classical Approach of Management

Introduction

So far, we know about the evolution of management thought which have 5 evolution
from historical background, classical approach, quantitative approach, behavioral approach, and
contemporary approaches. 2 week ago we have learned about historical background, nad last
week we learned about classical approaches. So in this paper, I will explain about Classical
Approach of Management which already explained by Mr. Langgeng in last week.

Body Content

Classical approach of management professes the body of management thought based

on the belief that employees have only economical and physical needs and that the social
needs & need for job satisfaction either does not exist or are unimportant. Accordingly it
advocates high specialization of labour,centralized decision making & profit maximization

The first one is Scientific Management by Taylor, Scientific Management was a theory of
management that analyzed and workflows, with the objective of improving labor productivity
management of a business, industry, or economy, according to principles of efficiency derived
from experiments in methods of work and production, especially from time. The main things
Taylor noticed for inefficiency are The lack of standard tools or techniques, There is no match
between skill and job, and no motivation from the management.

Problem identified before scientific management era is no standardized method of

performing routine tasks, irrational decision making method, no distinction between roles an
responsibilities of managers frome those of labor, no structured method of reward

Scientific management by Taylor give some impact toward management and labor. The
impact on management are attendant improvement in factory management and more effective
and efficient. The impact on labor are increase wages and improve living condition, more
reliable job placements and better working conditions and more consistent working hours. While
scientific management principles improved productivity and had a substantial impact on
industry, they also increased the monotony of work. Despite its controversy, scientific
management changed the way that work was done, and forms of it continue to be used today

The second one is administrative management by Fayol, Administrative management by

Fayol introduce general managemet principles, focus on managerial problems, and based on
his experiences as manager.
 Fayol it self described management as a scientific process built up of five immutable
elements: Planning (process of activities required to meet a goal), Organizing(making orderly
determination & arrangement of a task), Commanding (involves guiding, supervising, motivating
& leading people for attainment of the time-oriented tasks), Coordinating (bringing together the
elements), Controlling (having control over all of the aspects that contribute to meeting the
goal).

Principles of management by Fayol are division of labour (allows for job specialization),
authority and responsibility (Fayol included both formal and informal authority resulting from
special expertise), discipline (obedient, applied, respectful employees needed), unity of
command (Employees should have only one boss), unity of direction (One plan of action to
guide the organization), subordination of private interest to the general good , staff
remuneration, centralization (the degree to which authority rests at the very top), scalar chain,
order (Each employee is put where they have the most value), stability of tenure (Long-term
employment is important), equity (Treat all employees fairly in justice and respect), initiative
(Encourage innovation), and esprit de corps (‘Union is strength’- refers to harmony & mutual
understanding among the members of an organization).

The last one is bureaucracy model by weber. Bureaucracy model of weber are process
of managing human society involves three related concepts such as power, authority, and
legitimacy. The Ideal Bureaucracy are Division of labour, Management & ownership is separate,
Decisions recorded in writing, Selection based on technical qualification, Positions organised in
hierarchy, and Managers subject to rules & procedures.

Types of authority are traditional authority, charismatic authority, and rational legal
authority. Weber’a model of bureaucracy are division of labor, clear hierarchy of office, free
contractual agrrement, existence of system of rules, spirit of formalistic impersonality, selection
based on technical competence, system of promotion based on seniority or merit, remunerated
by fixed salary, primary occupation of incumbent, and separation form ownership of the means
of administration.

Conclusion

In Classical Approaches there are Taylor’s Scientific Management which focuses on the
“one best way” to do a job, Fayol’s Administrative Management which focuses on the manager
& basic managerial functions And weber’s Theory of bureaucractic which focuses on the
guidelines for structuring with formaliazation of rules,procedures and a clear division of labour.