Phase Array Ultrasonic Testing Procedur

RANG DONG FIELD DEVELOPMENT
PROVISIONS OF GAS LIFT SEPARATION

SYSTEM FOR RENTAL AT WHP-E1
PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE
Document No.: POS-WHP-E1-Q-P-0007
AlphaNDT/ PTSC POS JVPC

REV. PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY
DATE
NO. NAME SIGN DATE NAME SIGN DATE NAME SIGN DATE NAME SIGN DATE NAME SIGN DATE
0 23.3.20 D.X.M 20.3.20
PTSC POS/AlphaNDT JVPC
PROVISIONS OF GAS LIFT SEPARATION SYSTEM FOR
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POS-WHP-E1-Q-P-0007 PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC Page 1 of 35
Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020
REVISION RECORD SHEET
NO. REV. NO. CONTENT OF REVISION DATE OF REVISION
1 0 Issued for Approval 23.03.2020

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

1.0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.0 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 4
3.0 REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.0 ESSENTIAL VARIABLES OF PROCEDURE .................................................................................. 4
5.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION ........................................................................................................... 6
6.0 EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.0 CALIBRATION BLOCK ............................................................................................................................ 9
8.0 TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................................................................... 12
9.0 CALIBRATION ............................................................................................................................................. 13
10.0 EXAMINATION............................................................................................................................................ 20
11.0 SIZING METHOD OF FLAW LENGTH. ......................................................................................... 21
12.0 SIZING METHOD OF FLAW HEIGHT ............................................................................................ 22
13.0 DISCRIMINATION GEOMETRIC OF FLAW INDICATIONS ............................................. 23
14.0 SCAN PLAN .................................................................................................................................................... 27
15.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 27
16.0 RECORDING/EVALUATION LEVEL .............................................................................................. 27
17.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ..................................................................................................................... 28
18.0 DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................................... 29
19.0 RECORDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
APPENDIX 1 - PAUT REPORT .......................................................................................................................... 32
APPENDIX 2– ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH TABLE

K341.3.2 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 34
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1.0 SCOPE
- This procedure provides the requirements for phased array ultrasonic examination using
Olympus NDT Omniscan MX or MX2 Phased Array System utilizing an auto or semi-
auto scanner for the examination of welds in process piping.
- This procedure is prepared in accordance with ASME V Article 4, Mandatory Appendix

VII “Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for a Workmanship Based Acceptance
Criteria”, and ASME B31.3 for welded joint.
- This procedure also shall comply in with ASME Section VIII, Division 3, KE-301 and
KE-302 for high pressure component.
- This procedure shall be used for detecting, locating and evaluating indications within
the welds and heat affected zone using the contact inspection technique for carbon steel
and alloy steel with material with as list below.
- For locations where PAUT probes will be inaccessible due to the welding joint space
limitation, RT will be used.
Table 1: List of piping joints

OD Thickness
No. Configuration Material
Inch mm
SCH STD
Pipe to pipe & ASTM A106 Gr.B/
1 2" SCH 160
pipe to fitting ASTM A234 Gr.WPB/ ASTM A105
SCH XXS
SCH STD
2 3" SCH 120
SCH 160
SCH STD
3 4" SCH 120
SCH XXS
SCH STD
pipe to pipe & ASTM A106 Gr.B/
4 6" SCH 120
SCH 160
5 8" SCH STD
6 14" SCH STD
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2.0 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
- UT: Ultrasonic Testing
- ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
- TCG: Time-Corrected Gain

3.0 REFERENCE
- ASME Section V, Article 1 and Article 4, 2017 edition.
- TQ No.:0009.
- ASME B31.3 2016 Edition;
- ASME Section VIII, div. 3 2017 edition
- ASME Section V, Article 23, 2017 edition, SE2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance
Characteristics of Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems
- SNT-TC-1A, 2016 edition;
- SNT-TC-1A, 2006 edition;
- ISO 9712, 2012: Non Destructive Testing-Qualification and Certification of NDT

Personnel
- AlphaNDT’s Written Practice No: 8408-30-01 Rev.08E.

4.0 ESSENTIAL VARIABLES OF PROCEDURE
Essential variables of this Phased Array Ultrasonic Examination Procedure will be as per the
descriptions on the table 2 below:
This procedure shall be re-qualified whenever there is a change in one or more essential
variable.
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Table 2: essential variables

Non- Procedure
Essential
No. Requirement essential Paragraph Remark
Variable
Variabl No.
e
Weld configurations to be examined, including thickness
1 dimensions and base material product form (pipe, plate, X … Table 1 Butt welded
etc)
The surfaces from which the examination shall be
2 X … 9.4 …
performed
Technique(s) straight beam, angle beam, contact, and/or
3 X … 7.0 …
immersion)
4 Angle(s) and mode(s) of wave propagation in the material X … 7.0 …
Search unit type(s), frequency(ies), and element
5 X … Table 4 …
size(s)/shape(s)
6 Special search unit, wedge, shoes or saddles, when used X … Table 4 …
Omni Scan
7 Ultrasonic instrument(s) X … 1.1, 5.1
MX2
8 Calibration (calibration block(s) and technique(s) X … Table 5 ASME Block
9 Direction and extent of scanning X … 9.3 …
Manual/ Auto/
10 Scanning (manual vs. automatic) X … 1.1, 5.6
Semi Auto
11 Method for discrimination geometric from flaw indications X … 12.0; …
12 Method for sizing indications X … 10.0; 11.0 …
Tomoview
13 Computer enhance data acquisition, when use X … 5.4
software
Minimum
14 Scan overlap (decrease only) X … 9.0
50mm
15 Personnel performance requirements, when required X … 4.0 …
16 Personnel qualification requirements … X … …
17 Surface condition (examination surface, calibration block) … X … …
18 Couplant: brand name or type … X … …
Automatic alarm and/or recording equipment, when
19 … X … …
applicable
Records, including minimum calibration data to be
20 … X … …
recorded (e.g., instrument settings)
21 Scan plan X ... 13.0 …
22 Computer software X ... 5.4 …
23 Scanning technique (automated vs. semi automated) X ... Table 6 …
24 Flaw characterization methodology X … 12.0 …
25 Flaw sizing (length, height) methodology X … 10.0; 11.0 …

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26 Search unit mechanical fixturing device (manufacturer and ...

X 7.0 Olympus
model)
27 Scanner adhering and guiding mechanism X … …
5.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

The test will be carried out and results shall be evaluated and reported by the phased array
ultrasonic technicians qualified and certified as level II or level III in accordance with
AlphaNDT’s Written Practice, Document No: 8408-30-01, Rev. 08E or Certify body in
accordance with ISO 9712 as BINDT, TWI…
Only qualified UT personnel trained in the use of the equipment and who have demonstrated
the ability to properly acquire examination data, shall conduct production scans. Personnel
who analyze and interpret the collected data shall be a Level II or III who have documented
training in the use of the equipment and software used.
6.0 EQUIPMENT
6.1 PHASED ARRAY INSTRUMENT.
- OLYMPUS MX AND MX2 as specification as table 3 shall be used.
Table 3: PHASED ARRAY EQUIMENT MAINFRAME AND PHASED ARRAY

MODULE SPECIFICATIONS
325 mm x 235 mm x 130 mm (12.8 in. x 9.3 in. x
Overall dimensions (W x H x D)
General 5.1 in.)
Weight 3.2 kg (7 lb), no module and one battery
SDHC card*, most standard USB storage devices,
or fast Ethernet.
Storage devices
Data Storage *Lexar® brand memory cards are recommended
for optimized results.
Data file size 300 MB
USB ports 3
Audio alarm Yes
I/O Ports
Video output Video out (SVGA)
Ethernet 10/100 Mbps
2-axis encoder line (quadrature, up, down, or
Encoder
clock/direction)
Digital input 4 digital TTL inputs, 5 V
Digital output 4 digital TTL outputs, 5 V, 15 mA
I/O Lines Acquisition on/off switch Remote acquisition enabled TTL, 5 V
5 V, 500 mA power output line (short-circuit
Power output line
protected)
Alarms 3 TTL, 5 V, 15 mA
Analog output 2 analog outputs (12 bits) ±5 V in 10 kΩ
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Pace input 5 V TTL pace input

Display size 26.4 cm (10.4 in.) (diagonal)
Resolution 800 pixels x 600 pixels
Display Brightness 700 cd/m2
Number of colors 16 million
Type TFT LCD
Battery type Smart Li-ion battery
1 or 2 (battery chamber accommodates two hot-
Power Supply Number of batteries
swappable batteries)
Battery life Minimum 7 hours with two batteries
-10 °C to 45 °C
Operating temperature range
(14 ºF to 113 ºF)
-20 °C to 60 °C (-4 ºF to 140 ºF) with batteries
Environmental Storage temperature range
-20 °C to 70 °C (-4 ºF to 158 ºF) without batteries
Specifications
Relative humidity Max. 70% RH at 45°C noncondensing
Ingress Protection Rating Designed for IP66
Shockproof rating Drop-tested according to MIL-STD-810G 516.6
MXU 4.1R8 and later OMNI-M2-PA32128PR
MXU 4.0 and later OMNI-M2-PA1664
MX2 Module OMNI-M2-PA16128
Compatibility OMNI-M2-PA32128
OMNI-M2-UT-2CH
MXU 3.1 and MXU 4.1R12 and later OMNI-M-UT-8CH
6.2 PHASED ARRAY PROBES and Wedges
Probes and Wedges specification as table 4 shall be used.
Table 4: Probes and Wedges

Range Curvature
No. Probe Wedge Technique Material
Thickness(mm) Wedge OD (inch)
Haftskip +
1 A12 SA12-N55S-IHC 9~70 2 inches to Flat CS
Fullskip
SA15-N60S-IH
Haftskip +
2 A15 7.5/10CCEV35- 3~12 2 inches to Flat CS
Fullskip
16
SA17-DN80L0-
3 A17 19~120 4.5 inches to Flat Haftskip SS/DL/CS
IHC
SA27-DNCR-
4 A27 19~120 4.5 inches to Flat Haftskip SS/DL/CS
IHC
Haftskip +
5 A32 SA32-N55S-IHC 10~120 2 inches to Flat CS
Fullskip
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6.3 SOFTWARE ANALYSIS
Tomoview software - processed data analysis and display techniques are used in conjunction
with automatic or semi-automatic scanning mechanisms to produce two and three-
dimensional images of flaws, which provides an enhanced capability for examining critical
components and structures. Computer processes may be used to quantitatively evaluate the
type, size, shape, location, and orientation of flaws detected.
Table 4: Software Analysis Specification

TomoView
Feature
Analysis
Metric and Imperial Units 
Multi-group Combined Display (PA, UT, and TOFD) 
Ability to Zoom in/out in Display 
Predefined Weld Overlay Display 
Selectable Information Groups (Readings) 
Offline Data Management and Processing 
Indication Table Tools 
Built-in Report Generator (Customizable) 
Ability to Modify/Create Color Palette 
Offline Thickness C-Scan Tool 
Offline TOFD Calibration 
TOFD Lateral Wave Synchronization Tool 
TOFD Lateral Wave Removal Tool 
TOFD SAFT Tool 
Volumetric Merge Tool (Automatic or Manual) 
Software Gain Adjustment 
Custom Layouts (Creation and Saving) 
Zone Tool for Statistical Measurements 
3D Cursor 
Ability to Open Multiple Files Simultaneously 
Data File Merging 
C-Scan Data Merging 
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Analysis Tool 
Binarizer Processing Tool 
Matrix Filters Tool 
Backwall Following C-Scan Tool 
Hysteresis Correction 
Ability to Export Data Group in .txt File 
FFT Calculation 
Microsoft Excel® Exchanges for Custom Readings 
Acoustic Field Simulation (AFiSiMO) 
Polar View Display 
A-Scan Resynchronization Tool 
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6.4 COUPLANT
The couplant used is water, cellulose paste or grease
6.5 SCANNING MECHANISMS
Auto or semi-auto scanner shall be used.
7.0 CALIBRATION BLOCK
7.1 REFLECTORS
Side drill hole or EDM notches shall be used in Calibration block
7.2 BLOCK MATERIALS and BLOCK CURVATURE.
The material from which the block is fabricated shall be of the same product form and
material specification or equivalent P-Number grouping as one of the materials being
examined. For the purposes of this paragraph, P-Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5A through 5C, and 15A
through 15F materials are considered equivalent.
Materials With Diameters Greater Than 20 in. (500 mm). For examinations in materials
where the examination surface diameter is greater than 20 in. (500 mm), a flat basic
calibration block, shall be used.
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Materials With Diameters 20 in. (500 mm) and Less. For examinations in materials where
the examination surface diameter is equal to or less than 20 in. (500 mm), a curved block
shall be used. Except where otherwise stated in this Article, a single curved basic calibration
block may be used for examinations in the range of curvature from 0.9 to 1.5 times the basic
calibration block diameter.
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Block Thickness, T, shall be ±25% of the nominal thickness of the component to be

examined. The block size and reflector locations shall be adequate to perform calibrations for
the beam angle(s) and distance range(s) to be used.
7.3 SURFACE FINISH
The finish on the scanning surfaces of the block shall be representative of the scanning
surface finishes on the component to be examined. Otherwise, transfer correction shall
consider performance if difference surface between calibration block and production in
accordance with ASME B31.3.
8.0 TECHNIQUES
- Angle beam longitudinal waves, where both refracted longitudinal and shear waves are
present in the material under examination. Dual matrix probes with high refract angle
shall be used (Dual Matrix A17 and A27 probes of Olympus Manufacturer).
- Angle beam shear waves, where incident angles in wedges produce only refracted shear
waves in the material under examination are generally termed angle beam examinations.
(linear A12, A32 and A15 probes shall be used of Olympus Manufacturer)
- Detail of beam angle, mode of wave propagation in material shall be detailed in Table 6
and plan scan
Table 6: PAUT Technique
Thickne Scan Plan

Configu
ss Probe Wedge Technique
ration Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 (1.1/2
(mm)
(Haftskip) (Fullskip) skip)
SA15-
Pipe to 7.5CCEV-
3 ~ 12 N60S-IH Shearwave -
Pipe A15
7.5
SA15-
Pipe to 7.5CCEV-
3 ~ 12 N60S-IH Shearwave
Fitting A15
7.5
SA12-
Pipe to
9 ~ 16
Pipe
5L64A12 N55S- Shearwave -
IHC
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SA12-
Pipe to
9 ~ 16 5L64A12 N55S- Shearwave
Fitting
IHC
SA12-
Pipe to
16 ~ 50
Pipe
IHC
SA12-
IHC
Pipe to
16 ~ 50
Fitting
SA27-
Longitudinal-
DMA27 DNCR-
wave - -
IHC
9.0 CALIBRATION
No Type of Calibration Frequency Remark
1 Encoder 4 hours or has changed
2 Velocity 4 hours or has changed As Cal. Confirmation para. 9.8
3 Wedge 4 hours or has changed As Cal. Confirmation para. 9.8
4 Angle corrected gain (ACG) 4 hours or has changed As Cal. Confirmation para. 9.8
5 Time correction gain (TCG) 4 hours or has changed As Cal. Confirmation para. 9.8
6 Screen Height Linearity Weekly
7 Amplitude Control Linearity weekly
8 Element Check Weekly
9.1 ENCODER CALIBRATION
A calibration check shall be performed at intervals not to exceed one month or prior to first use
thereafter, by moving the encoder a minimum distance of 20 in. (500 mm). The display distance
shall be within 1% of the actual distance moved.
9.2 VELOCITY CALIBRATION

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- The velocity calibration wizard use Radius option for measuring the velocity of a
component that are compatible with both shear and longitudinal beams.
- This options require 2 reflectors (radius) at known positions
- Select Wizard for Velocity Calibration
- Select Echo Type radius and enter the values for radius 1 and 2.
- Adjust the gain for a signal and ensure that neither target 1 or 2 is saturated.
- Adjust the range over the targets.
- Set the gate A start, width, and threshold over thickness 1.
- Select Get Position. The time of flight position of thickness 1 is recorded
- Set the gate A start, width, and threshold over thickness 2.
- Select Get Position. The time of flight position of thickness 2 is recorded and the
velocity will be calculated
9.3 WEDGE CALIBRATION
- Inputting the wedge, probe, and component parameters correctly into the group set up
wizard is the most accurate means of arriving at the correct wedge delay.
- Enter the wedge delay calibration wizard
- Select Echo Type Radius
- Select the last angle to be used in the calibration
- Set the position of gate A to cover the radius
- Select Clear Envelope and move the probe across the calibration block passing each
focal law through the 100mm radius maximum amplitude position
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- After selecting calibrate, move the probe over the block again passing each focal law
through the 100mm radius maximum amplitude position to verify that the wedge delay
was modified correctly.
- If the wedge delay calibration was successful the new white envelope trace will be
contained within the tolerance window indicating all focal laws are detecting the
100mm radius +/- 1mm.
- Calibrate can be selected repeatedly improving the calibration until the white envelope
trace is contained within the +/- 1mm tolerance
9.4 SENSITIVITY CALIBRATION (Angle Corrected Gain (ACG))
- After completing the group setup wizard process, position the probe so that the
calibration target can be seen in the S-scan.
- Enter the reference amplitude. (default 80%) All focal laws will be adjusted to this
amplitude by addition of a focal law gain offset after sensitivity wizard completion.
- Enter tolerance of 5%. The tolerance is a visual indicator for amplitude verification
after the sensitivity calibration correction
- Select the last focal law to be calibrated for sensitivity. When there are no obstructions
from corners or adjacent calibration targets the entire sector scan can be calibrated at
one time
- Set the start and width of gate A to ensure that the calibration target can be detected by
all focal laws in the S-scan.
- Set the gate A threshold as low as possible to ensure the last focal law can be detected.
Gate thresholds below approximately 10% may have an amplitude error beyond the
tolerance when the focal law gain offset is calculated to correct to 80%.
- Gain compensation is a tool that is used to ease calibration, The longer the sound path
to the calibration target, the more gain is added
- Move the probe across the calibration block with consistent pressure and coupling.
- As the calibration target travels through the gate of each focal law the green envelope
records the maximum amplitude detected.
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- The MX2 will calculate the required gain offset in dB for each focal law to correct to
80%. Focal laws with amplitude over 80% but less than 100% will receive a negative
gain offset.
- Successful sensitivity calibration of the S-scan is visualized by repeating the probe

movement over the calibration block with all focal laws corrected to 80% amplitude
within the tolerance.
- If any focal law is over 100% after calibration the complete process must be repeated by
selecting Restart. Saturated focal laws cannot be corrected.
- Calibrate may be selected repeatedly until all laws are within tolerance.
9.5 TIME CORRECTION GAIN (TCG) CALIBRATION
- The targets used for TCG calibration should cover the entire range of the area of interest
for the inspection and specified in the work procedure.
- Enter the reference amplitude. (default 80%) All focal laws will be adjusted to this
amplitude by addition of a TCG gain offset for that point
- Enter tolerance. The tolerance is a visual indicator for amplitude verification after the
sensitivity calibration correction
- Set the gate A start position just before the first SDH in the S-scan.
- Enter the reference amplitude. (Typically 80%)
- Select set to 80%. This will automatically adjust the amplitude of the signal in gate A
to 80% by adjusting the general gain.
- Select the last focal law to be calibrated for the TCG point.
- Adjust the general gain if needed. Unlike the sensitivity calibration, the TCG wizard
will not allow any point over 80% amplitude to be corrected.
- Adjust the start and range to ensure sufficient range for all required TCG points to be
detected by all focal laws in the S-scan.
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- Set the start and width of gate A to ensure that the calibration target can be detected by
all focal laws in the S-scan.
- Set the gate A threshold as low as possible to ensure the last focal law can be detected.
Gate thresholds below approximately 10% may have an amplitude error beyond the
tolerance when the focal law gain offset is calculated to correct to 80%
- Move the probe across the calibration block with consistent pressure and coupling.
- As the calibration target travels through the gate of each focal law the green envelope
records the maximum amplitude.
- Successful TCG sensitivity calibration of the S-scan is visualized by repeating the probe
movement over the calibration block with all focal laws corrected to 80% amplitude
within the tolerance
- If any focal law is over 100% after calibration the complete process must be repeated by
selecting Restart. Saturated focal laws cannot be corrected
9.6 INSTRUMENT LINEARITY CHECKS
9.6.1 Screen Height Linearity
- Position a search unit on a calibration block to obtain indications from the two
calibration reflectors.
- Alternatively, a straight beam search unit may be used on any calibration block that will
provide amplitude differences with sufficient signal separation to prevent overlapping of
the two signals.
- Adjust the search unit position to give a 2:1 ratio between the two indications, with the
larger indication set at 80% of full screen height (FSH) and the smaller indication at
40% of FSH.
- Without moving the search unit set the larger indication to 100% of FSH; record the
amplitude of the smaller indication, estimated to the nearest 1% of FSH.
- Successively set the larger indication from 100% to 20% of FSH in 10% increments (or
2 dB steps if a fine control is not available); observe and record the smaller indication
estimated to the nearest 1% of FSH at each setting. The reading must be 50% of the
larger amplitude within +5% of FSH.
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9.6.2 Amplitude Control Linearity
- Position a search unit on a calibration block to obtain maximum amplitude from a

calibration reflector.
- As a minimum, the amplitude control linearity shall be performed to document linearity

at both ends of the gain range being used with the equipment.
- Without moving the search unit, set the indication to the required percent of FSH
and increase or decrease the dB as specified on the Ultrasonic Instrument Linearity
Verification. The estimated signal shall be recorded to the nearest 1% of FSH and shall
fall within the limits
9.6.3 Element Check
- Connect the phased array probe to be tested to the phased-array ultrasonic instrument
and remove any delay line or refracting wedge from the probe.
- Acoustically couple the probe to the 25-mm thickness of an IIW (International Institute
of Welding) block with a uniform layer of couplant.
- Configure an electronic scan consisting of one element that is stepped along one
element at a time for the total number of elements in the array. (This should ensure that
the pulser-receiver number 1 is used in each focal law or if the channel is selectable it
should be the same channel used for each element). Set the pulser parameters to
optimize the response for the nominal frequency of the probe array and establish a
pulse-echo response from the block backwall or waterpath to 80 % display height for
each element in the probe.
- Observe the A-scan display for each elemen signal amplitude for each element. Results
may be recorded on a table similar to that in Table 1.
- The number of inactive elements allowed should be based on performance of other

capabilities such as focusing and steering as of the focal laws being used. if more than
25 % of the elements in a probe are inactive, sensitivity and steering capabilities may be
compromised. Similarly, the number of adjacent elements allowed to be inactive should
be determined by the steering and electronic raster resolution required by the
application.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 … … 59 61 62 63 64
Element
Gain
Active
inactive
Table 7: Probe Element Activity Chart
9.7 TEMPERATURE OF CALIBRATION.
- The temperature differential between the calibration block and examination surfaces
shall be within 25°F (14°C). For immersion examination, the couplant temperature for
calibration shall be within 25°F (14°C) of the couplant temperature for examination.
9.8 CALIBRATION CONFIRMATION
9.8.1 System Changes.

When any part of the examination system is changed, a calibration check shall be
made on the basic calibration block to verify that distance range points and
sensitivity setting(s) satisfy the requirements of 8.8.3.
9.8.2 Calibration Checks.
A calibration check on at least one of the reflectors in the basic calibration block
or a check using a simulator shall be performed at the completion of each
examination or series of similar examinations, and when examination personnel
(except for automated equipment) are changed. The distance range and
sensitivity values recorded shall satisfy the requirements 9.8.3.
9.8.3 Confirmation Acceptance Values.
a. Distance Range Points.
If any distance range point has moved on the sweep line by more than 10% of the
distance reading or 5% of full sweep, whichever is greater, correct the distance
range calibration and note the correction in the examination record. All recorded
indications since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be re-
examined and their values shall be changed on the data sheets or re-recorded.
b. Sensitivity Settings.
If any sensitivity setting has changed by more than 20% or 2 dB of its amplitude,
correct the sensitivity calibration and note the correction in the examination
record. If the sensitivity setting has decreased, all data sheets since the last valid
calibration check shall be marked void and the area covered by the voided data
shall be re-examined. If the sensitivity setting has increased, all recorded
indications since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be re-
examined and their values shall be changed on the data sheets or re-recorded.
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9.9 TRANSFER CORRECTION.
When the block material is not of the same product form or has not received the same heat
treatment, it may be used provided it meets all other block requirements and a transfer
correction for acoustical property differences is used. Transfer correction shall be determined
by noting the difference between the signal response, using the same transducers and wedges
to be used in the examination, received from either
(1) the corresponding reference reflector (same type and dimensions) in the basic calibration
block and in the component to be examined, or
(2) two search units positioned in the same orientation on the basic calibration block and
component to be examined. The examination sensitivity shall be adjusted for the difference.
10.0 EXAMINATION
10.1 EXAMINATION COVERAGE.

The examined shall be scanned using a linear scanning technique with an encoder. Each linear
scan shall be parallel to the weld axis at a constant standoff distance with the beam oriented
perpendicular to the weld axis.
(a) The search unit shall be maintained at a fixed distance from the weld axis by a fixed guide
or mechanical means.
b) The examination angle(s) for E-scan and range of angles for S-scan shall be appropriate for
the joint to be examined.
(c) Scanning speed shall be such that data drop-out is less than 2 data lines per inch (25 mm) of
the linear scan length and that there are no adjacent data line skips.
(d) For E-scan techniques, overlap between adjacent active apertures (i.e., aperture incremental
change) shall be a minimum of 50% of the effective aperture height.
(e) For S-scan techniques, the angular sweep incremental change shall be a maximum of 1 deg.
or sufficient to assure 50% beam overlap.
(f) When multiple linear scans are required to cover the required volume of weld and base
material, overlap between adjacent linear scans shall be a minimum of 10% of the effective
aperture height for E-scans or beam width for S-scans
(g) When multi scans are required to cover full length of weld, overlap of scanning shall be 50
mm or larger.
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10.2 SCANNING SENSITIVITY LEVEL.

The scanning sensitivity level shall be set a minimum of 6 dB higher than the reference level
gain setting.
10.2.1 Scan from both side
The angle beam shall be directed at approximate right angles to the weld axis
from both sides of the weld (i.e., from two directions) on the same surface when
possible.
10.2.2 Scan from one side /Inaccessible Welds
Welds that cannot be examined from at least one side using the angle beam
technique shall also be examined. These areas of Inaccessible welds shall be
noted in the examination report.
10.3 SURFACE PREPARATION
10.3.1 Base Metal

The base metal on each side of the weld shall be free of weld spatter, surface
irregularities, or foreign matter that might interfere with the examination.
10.3.2 Weld Metal
Where the weld surface interferes with the examination, it shall be prepared for
the permission of the examination by grinding or suitable method.
10.4 POST-EXAMINATION CLEANING
The couplant or any contaminations have to clean after completion work.
11.0 SIZING METHOD of FLAW LENGTH.
Flaw lengths parallel to the surface can be measured from the distance encoded D or C-scan images using
amplitude 6dB drop techniques by placing the vertical cursors on the extents of the flaw displayed on the D- or
C-scan display. (Figure 1)
Figure 1: Flaw Length Sizing

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12.0 SIZING METHOD OF FLAW HEIGHT

Flaw height normal to the surface can be measured from the B-, E-, or S-scan images using
amplitude drop or tip diffraction techniques.
(a) Using amplitude drop techniques, the horizontal cursors are placed on the displayed flaws upper and lower
extents. Figure 2 shows an example of cursors used for height sizing with the amplitude drop technique.
(b) Using tip diffraction techniques the horizontal cursors are placed on the upper and lower tip signals of the
displayed flaw. Figure 3 shows an example of cursors used for height sizing with the tip diffraction technique.
Figure 2: Scan Showing Flaw Height Sizing Using Amplitude Drop Technique and
theHorizontal Cursors on the B-Scan Display
Figure 3: Flaw Height Sizing Using Top Diffraction Technique and the Horizontal Cursors on
the S-Scan Display
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GENERAL NOTE: The two arrows in the A-scan at left show the relevant signals for
measurement.
13.0 DISCRIMINATION GEOMETRIC OF FLAW INDICATIONS
13.1 ID (INSIDE DIAMETER) CONNECTED CRACK
- These typically show multiple facets and edges visible in the A-scan and S-scan. There
is a distinct start and stop on the A-scan, and a significant echo-dynamic travel to the
signal as the probe is moved in and out from the weld (if the crack has significant
vertical extent). The reflector is usually detectable and can be plotted from both sides of
the weld. The reflector should plot to the correct I.D. depth reference or depth reading,
as shown in Figure 4.
-
Figure 4: S-Scan of I.D. Connected Crack
13.2 LACK OF SIDEWALL FUSION
- LOF (Lack of Fusion) plots correctly on the weld fusion line, either through geometrical
plotting or via weld overlays. There may be a significantly different response from each
side of the weld. LOF is usually detected by several of the angles in an S-scan from the
same position. The A-scan shows a fast rise and fall time with short pulse duration
indicative of a planar flaw. There are no multiple facets or tips. Skewing the probe
slightly does not produce multiple peaks or jagged facets as in a crack. There may be
mode converted multiple signals that rise and fall together and maintain equal
separation. Figure 5 shows an example.
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Figure 5: E-Scan of LOF in Midwall

13.3 POROSITY.
- Porosity shows multiple signal responses, varying in amplitude and position. The
signals plot correctly to the weld volume. The signals’ start and stop positions blend
with the background at low amplitude. The A-scan slow rise and fall time with long
pulse duration is indicative of a non-planar flaw. Porosity may or may not be detected
from both sides of the weld, butshould be similar from both sides. Figure 6 shows an
example of porosity.
Figure 6: S-Scan of Porosity, Showing Multiple Reflectors

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13.4 OD (Outside Diameter) Toe Crack.
- Toe cracks typically show multiple facets and edges visible in the A-scan and S-scan. There is
significant echo-dynamic travel to the signal as the probe is moved in and out from the weld.
The reflector is usually detectable and can be plotted from at the correct O.D. depth reference
line or depth reading. Normally, toe cracks are best characterized on S-scans and lower angle E-
scan channels. Figure 7 shows an example.
Figure 7: O.D. Toe Crack Detected Using S-Scan

13.5 INCOMPLETE PENETRATION.
- Incomplete Penetration (IP) typically shows high amplitude signals with significant
echo-dynamic travel or travel over the I.D. skip line. IP will typically respond and plot
from both sides of the weld in common weld geometries near centerline reference
indicators. Generally, IP is detected on all channels, with highest amplitude on a high
angle E-scan. The A-scan shows a fast rise and fall time with short pulse duration
indicative of a planar flaw. Figure 8 shows an IP signal.
- Note that IP must be addressed relative to the weld bevel. For example, a double V weld
will have IP in the midwall, whereas a single V bevel will be surface-breaking.
However, the rise-fall time of the signal is similar to that for toe cracks and other root
defects. This requires extra care on the part of the operator. Note that incomplete
penetration can look similar to surface lack of sidewall fusion.
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-
Figure 8 IP Signal on S-Scan, Positioned on Root
13.6 SLAG
- Slag typically shows multiple facets and edges visible in the A-scan and S-scan. The A-
scan shows a slow rise and fall time with long pulse duration, indicative of a non-planar
flaw. Typically slag shows lower amplitude than planar flaws, and may be difficult to
distinguish from porosity, or from some smaller planar defects. Slag is typically
detectable from both sides, can be plotted from both sides of the weld and is often best
characterized using an S-scan. A slag reflector will typically plot to the correct depth
area and reference lines that coincide to the weld volume. Figure 9 shows an example.
-
Figure 9: Slag Displayed as a Midwall Defect on S-Scan
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14.0 SCAN PLAN
- A scan plan (documented examination strategy) shall be provided showing search unit
placement and movement that provides a standardized and repeatable methodology for
the examination. All information of scan plan shall be showed in prior demonstration.
15.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
The demonstration block as following requirement.
- Preparation. A demonstration block shall be prepared by welding.
- Demonstration thickness and diameter shall be performed as list below.
- Flaw Type: Flaws type of demonstration block shall be including: Lack of fusion, Lack
of Penetration, Crack, Slag and porosity for each thickness and diameter of pipe.
16.0 RECORDING/EVALUATION LEVEL
16.1 EVALUATION OF LAMINAR REFLECTORS
- Reflectors evaluated as laminar reflectors in the base material which interfere with the
scanning of the examination volume shall require the scan plan to be modified such that
the maximum feasible volume is examined and shall be noted in the record of the
examination
16.2 EVALUATION OF WELDED REFLECTORS
- All indications greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent
that they can be evaluated in terms of the acceptance criteria of the ASME B31.3 2016.
16.3 SUPPLEMENTAL MANUAL TECHNIQUES
- Flaws detected during the automated or semi-automated scan may be alternatively

evaluated, if applicable, by supplemental manual techniques.
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17.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
17.1 For high pressure piping welds and severe critical service, apply ASME B31.3 Ed 2016
Table K341.3.2. as Appendix 2.
17.2 For other welds: Acceptance criterial shall accordance with ASME B31.3 2016 para.
344.6.2 as below:
- The discontinuity is unacceptable if interpreted as crack, lack of fusion, lack of

penetration.
- For Tw ≥ 6mm
A linear-type discontinuity is unacceptable if the amplitude of the indication exceeds
the reference level and its length exceeds:
(1) 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) for Tw ≤ 19 mm (3⁄4 in.)
(2) Tw/3 for 19 mm < Tw ≤ 57 mm (21⁄4 in.)
(3) 19 mm (3⁄4 in.) for Tw > 57 mm (21⁄4 in.)
- For Tw < 6 mm, the indication exceeds 10% reference level shall be reject regardless of
length.
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18.0 DOCUMENTATION
- Results of ultrasonic examination shall be reported on the Phased Array and

examination report sheet. All Phased Array examination data, A-scans, B, C, D, and S
Scans shall be saved as a digital encoded recording.
- The Ultrasonic Profile, Ultrasonic Calibration, and Ultrasonic Instrument Linearity

verification (if applicable) shall be considered part of the examination report, assigned
the NDT Report Log Numbers, and page numbered appropriately.
- All NDT procedure qualification documentation shall be maintained as quality control

record.
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19.0 RECORDS
19.1 Phased array ultrasonic examination results shall be recorded in the attached form by
certified personnel who perform the ultrasonic examination.
19.2 For each Phased Array Ultrasonic examination, the following information shall be recorded:
a. Date of the examination

b. name and/or identity and certification level (if applicable) for personnel performing the
examination
c. Identification of the weld, part, or component examined including weld number, serial number,
or other identifier
d. Examination method, technique, procedure Identification, and revision
e. ultrasonic instrument identification (including manufacturer's serial number);
f. search unit(s) identification(including manufacturer's serial number, frequency, and size);
g. beam angle(s) used;
h. couplant used, brand name or type:
i. search unit cable(s) used, type and length:
j. special equipment when used (search units, wedges, shoes, automatic scanning equipment,
recording equipment, etc.);
k. computerized program identification and revision when used;
l. calibration block identification;
m. simulation block(s) and electronic simulator(s) identification when used;
n. instrument reference level gain and, if used, damp
o. calibration data [including reference reflector(s), indication amplitude(s), and distance
reading(s)];
p. data correlating simulation block(s) and electronic simulator(s), when used, with initial
calibration;
q. identification and location of weld or volume scanned;
r. surface(s) from which examination was conducted, including surface condition;
s. map or record of rejectable indications detected or areas cleared;
t. areas of restricted access or inaccessible welds;
u. examination personnel identity and, when required by referencing Code Section, qualification
level;
v. date and time examinations were performed. Items (b) through (m) may be included in a
separate calibration record provided the calibration record identification is included in the
examination record.
w. search unit element size, number, and pitch and gap dimensions
x. focal law parameters, including, as applicable, angle or angular range, focal depth and plane,
element numbers used, angular or element incremental change, and start and stop element
numbers or start element number
y. wedge natural refracted angle
z. scan plan
aa. scanner and adhering and guiding mechanism
bb. indication data [i.e., position in weld, length, and characterization (e.g., crack, lack of fusion,
lack of penetration, or inclusion)]
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cc. the final display processing levels

dd. supplemental manual technique(s) indication data, if applicable [same information as (y)]
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APPENDIX 1 - PAUT REPORT
PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC

EXAMINATION REPORT
Project Name: Procedure No.: Report No:
Client Name: Acceptance Standard: Request No:
Items: PKG No: Page :

Calibration data:
Instrument Identification: ISO No.: Computerized Program:
S/N:
Probe 1 2 3 4 Calibration Block:
Model/
Manufacturer
Serial No. Weld Preparation:
Cable Type Scan Technique:
Cable Length WPS No.
Aperture Material type:
Frequency (MHz) Transverse Examined:
Refracted Wedge Parent Metal Examined:
Element quantity Date of Inspection:
Sensitivity (dB) -
Couplant : Surface Condition: After PWHT:
EVALUATION
Weld Identification Detail of defect (mm) Judgment
Remark
Dia.(mm)/ s
Joint/ Weld No. Welder No. Location Length Depth Amp. Type ACC REJ
Thick.(mm)
ACC: Accepted REJ: Reject C : CRACK

ABBREVIATION LP: Lack of Penetration CP: CLUSTER POROSITY
LF: Lack of Fusion SI: Slag Inclusion
ALPHANDT POS JVPC C.A
Name : Name : Name : Name :
Qualification :
Signature : Signature : Signature : Signature :
Date :
Date : Date : Date :
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ANALYSIS VIEW
TOP-C
Report
Page
No.
1) Root ISO No.:

Joint
2) Body No.:
3) 1 1/2 Skip
1) Root
2) Body
3) 1.1/2
SKIP
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APPENDIX 2– ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH

TABLE K341.3.2
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APPENDIX 3 – DEMONSTRATION REPORT
3.1 PURPOSE
Determine detect ability of phased array for weld with t < 6mm
3.2 TECHNICAL
Demonstration is perform following procedure POS-WHP-E1-Q-P-0007 and scan plan.
PAUT Demonstration report as below:
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Phase Array Ultrasonic Testing Procedur

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Phase Array Ultrasonic Testing Procedur

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RANG DONG FIELD DEVELOPMENT

PROVISIONS OF GAS LIFT SEPARATION

Document No.: POS-WHP-E1-Q-P-0007

AlphaNDT/ PTSC POS JVPC

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

REVISION RECORD SHEET

NO. REV. NO. CONTENT OF REVISION DATE OF REVISION

1 0 Issued for Approval 23.03.2020

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

2.0 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 4

4.0 ESSENTIAL VARIABLES OF PROCEDURE .................................................................................. 4

5.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION ........................................................................................................... 6

7.0 CALIBRATION BLOCK ............................................................................................................................ 9

8.0 TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................................................................... 12

9.0 CALIBRATION ............................................................................................................................................. 13

11.0 SIZING METHOD OF FLAW LENGTH. ......................................................................................... 21

12.0 SIZING METHOD OF FLAW HEIGHT ............................................................................................ 22

13.0 DISCRIMINATION GEOMETRIC OF FLAW INDICATIONS ............................................. 23

14.0 SCAN PLAN .................................................................................................................................................... 27

15.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 27

16.0 RECORDING/EVALUATION LEVEL .............................................................................................. 27

17.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ..................................................................................................................... 28

18.0 DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................................... 29

19.0 RECORDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 30

APPENDIX 1 - PAUT REPORT .......................................................................................................................... 32

APPENDIX 2– ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH TABLE

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

- This procedure is prepared in accordance with ASME V Article 4, Mandatory Appendix

Table 1: List of piping joints

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

2.0 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

- UT: Ultrasonic Testing

- ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers

- TCG: Time-Corrected Gain

- ASME Section V, Article 1 and Article 4, 2017 edition.

- ASME B31.3 2016 Edition;

- ASME Section VIII, div. 3 2017 edition

- SNT-TC-1A, 2016 edition;

- SNT-TC-1A, 2006 edition;

- ISO 9712, 2012: Non Destructive Testing-Qualification and Certification of NDT

- AlphaNDT’s Written Practice No: 8408-30-01 Rev.08E.

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

Table 2: essential variables

24 Flaw characterization methodology X … 12.0 …

25 Flaw sizing (length, height) methodology X … 10.0; 11.0 …

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

26 Search unit mechanical fixturing device (manufacturer and ...

5.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

6.1 PHASED ARRAY INSTRUMENT.

- OLYMPUS MX AND MX2 as specification as table 3 shall be used.

Table 3: PHASED ARRAY EQUIMENT MAINFRAME AND PHASED ARRAY

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

Pace input 5 V TTL pace input

6.2 PHASED ARRAY PROBES and Wedges

Probes and Wedges specification as table 4 shall be used.

Table 4: Probes and Wedges

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

6.3 SOFTWARE ANALYSIS

Table 4: Software Analysis Specification

Revision No.: 0 TESTING PROCEDURE Date: 23/3/2020

The couplant used is water, cellulose paste or grease

6.5 SCANNING MECHANISMS

Auto or semi-auto scanner shall be used.