CES511 – STRUCTURAL ENGIN

UNIVERSITI
TEKNOLOGI
MARA
KAMPUS PULAU PINANG
SEMESTER : MARCH - JULY 2020 DATE OF LAB :13/4/2020
CES511 –STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
GROUP
LABORATORY: Group
LAB2 EXPERIMENT: LAB LEVEL OEL : 1
LECTURER : NOOR SYAFEEKHA
INDETERMINATE MOHAMAD SAKDUN
BEAM (CO2:PO5)
CO2: Organize laboratory work on structural elements and materials.
PO5: Ability to utilize appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering and IT tools in predicting and modelling
of complex civil engineering problems with an understanding of the limitations.

STUDENT CRITERIA
No NAME
ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL
1. 2019528215 Tuan Noraimi bt. Tuan Mohd Ghazali
2. 2019326375 Nur Syafiqah Aqilah bt. Abdul Razak
3. 2019725729 Norsyahidatul Akmal bt. Harun
4. 2019595223 Mohamad Na’imul Hakim b. Mohamad
5. 2017428356 Ahmad Fauzan b. Saharel

PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE RUBRIC

PERFORMANCE SCALE
NO. CRITERIA Developing Functional Proficient Advanced
0 1 2 3 4 5
 Independently
 Often requires  Generally able to designed / identified
 Has a very low ability to  Independently
Ability to design  Unable to design/ instructor to design / design / identify basic the idea / task of the
design/ identify the designed / identified
identify the basic idea / identify basic idea / task idea / task of the experiment with
and conducted basic idea / task of the idea / task of the
task of the experiment. of the experiment. experiment. additional supporting
1 a research- experiment. experiment.
 Helps are required to  Helps are required with  Able to conduct the references.
based  Helps are required to  Able to conduct a
conduct the whole refinement in several experiment with  Show an outstanding
conduct the whole research-based
experiment experiment.
experiment. major details and minimal guide from experiment. ability in conducting
conduct the experiment. the instructor. research-based
experiment.
Ability to
perform Fails to notice the
experiment Has a very low awareness Practices most procedures Practices most safety Practices all safety
importance information and Minor flaws in safety.
on the importance of safety and conforms to procedures and conforms to procedures and conforms to
2 safely and safety factors in the
information and safety
Requires constant
the lab regulations with the lab regulations without the lab regulations without
aware of workplace. supervision.
factors in the workplace. minimal supervision. supervision. supervision.
priorities in the
laboratory.
Ability to  All equipment are
demonstrate  Setup of equipment is  All equipment are
 Setup of equipment is accurately placed in an
care and  Unable to setup the  Setup of equipment is generally workable accurately placed.
generally workable orgained way
equipment not accurate  Demonstrates good  Demonstrates sound
3 respect in  Demonstrates general  Demonstrates a very
 No respect and care for  Lacks of respect and knowledge of respect knowledge of respect
handling the respect and care for the good knowledge of
the equipments. care for the equipments. and care for the and care for the
equipments. respect and care for the
equipment set- equipment. equipment.
equipments.
up.
Successfully
 Successfully complete  Successfully complete  Successfully complete
performs  Low ability to complete
experiment procedures experiment procedures  Successfully complete experiment
experiment  Cannot complete tasks tasks and standard
with moderate with minimal experiment independently.
and standard procedures.
4 without supervision. supervision. independently.  Thoroughly and
procedures.  Help is required with
guidance based  Requires help from the  Works to follow each  Carefully follow each carefully follow each
 Help is always required. refinement in several
instructor with some step before moving the step. step before moving to
on level of major details.
steps in procedure next step the next step.
openness.
 Data collected is relevant
 Data collected is relevant
and sufficient to analyze  Data collected is  Data collected is
 Data collected is in a and sufficient to analyze
that probably represents relevant, related to accurately reflects the
Ability to collect disorganized manner or that probably only the results of the objective(s) and results of the
and record the Data collected are only with the instructor represents the results of experiment but not sufficient to analyze. experiment and
disorganized and not assistance the experiment.
5 experimental related to the objectives.  One component of data objective(s).
relevant  Data recorded is  Two components of data  Two components of data
data in an incomplete or missing:  Tables are easy to read
relevant but very brief incomplete or missing: incomplete or missing: Units and units are provided.
orderly manner and the data is Units Units Tables Graphs are labeled and
insufficient to analyze. Tables Tables Graphs show trends.
Graphs Graphs
Ability to All of the results have been
illustrate the Almost all of the results
All of the results have been interpreted correctly, with
Incorrect interpretation of Incomplete interpretation Minimal with 1 sentence have been correctly
Lab Report :
experimental correctly interpreted, with sufficient support of
trends and comparison of of trends and comparison of describing the main finding interpreted but without
6 work and data indicating a lack of data indicating a lack of of the experiment. sufficient support of
only 1 sufficient support of important trends or data
manipulating important trends or data
understanding of results. understanding of results. important trends or data comparisons
comparisons.
data leading to comparisons.
findings

Instruction to Students
1. Two (2) weeks duration is given for each lab report submission.
2. Report must be type using Microsoft Office.
3. Any plagiarism found or not properly cited, the group will be penalized and marks will be deducted.
Lab title: Indeterminate Beam
Introduction
The redundant in form of reaction exist in an indeterminate system. However, static equation
itself unable to solve that particular redundant. The superposition method is one of the
suitable approaches to determine this reaction. The fixed end moment of a fixed end beam is
given by;
b2
M AB=−W×a× −eqn (1 )
L2
b
M BA =−W ×a× 2 −eqn(2 )
L

Objective
To validate the theoretical equation of fixed end moment through experimental work by using
the superposition method for indeterminate beam.

Problem Statement
Structural could be classified into statically determinate and indeterminate system. Static
equation can be use to solve the determinate problem. Meanwhile, superposition method can
be use to solve the indeterminate problem.

Procedure
1. The apparatus was set up based on Figure 5(a) in appendix 5(a).
2. The two supports was fixed tightly to the base with the distant between them equals to
the span of the beam.
3. The load cell was checked properly secured to the pivoting plate.
4. The ends of the beam was placed between the clamping plates of the supports and
tightened the two screws to fix the beam.
5. The load hanger was clipped at the position where the beam is to be loaded.
6. The load cell from the support pier was connected to the display unit, each load cell
occupying one terminal on the display.
7. The display and beginning with channel 1 was switched on and the initial reading for
each channel was recorded.
8. A suitable load was placed on the load hanger and the reading of each load cell was
recorded.
9. The load on the load hanger was added and the pier reaction was recorded.
Data And Analysis

Beam span = 1000 mm

Distance of load from support A = 700 mm

Load on the beam, Load cell reading at support Load cell reading at support
N A, VA ( N ) B, VB ( N )
2 2.1 5.1
4 4.0 10.4
6 6.5 16
8 8.9 19.7
10 11.1 26.1

Load on beam, Fixed End Moment at support A Fixed End Moment at support B
W (N) (Nmm) (Nmm)
M(exp) = M(theory) M(exp) = M(theory)
VA ¿ 55 Equation 1 VB ¿ 55 Equation 2
2 115.5 -126 280.5 -294
4 220 -252 572 -588
6 357 -378 880 -882
8 489.5 -504 1083.5 -1176
10 610.5 -630 1435.5 -1470

M exp=V A×55
M exp=2.1×55
M exp=115.5kNm

Experimental Graph
 Fixed End Moment at Support A (Nmm)
700

600

500
Fixed End Moment

400

300
(Nmm)

200

100

0
2 4 6 8 10
Load
(N)

Figure 1

Fixed End Moment at Support B (Nmm)

1600

1400

1200
Fixed End Moment

1000

800
(Nmm)

600

400

200

0
2 4 6 8 10
Load
(N)

Figure 2
Theoretical Graph

Fixed End Moment at Support A (Nmm)

700

600

500
Fixed End Moment

400

300
(Nmm)

200

100

0
2 4 6 8 10
Load
(N)

Figure 3

Fixed End Moment at Support B (Nmm)

1600

1400

1200
Fixed End Moment

1000

800
(Nmm)

600

400

200

0
2 4 6 8 10
Load
(N)

Figure 4
Experimental Slope

Support A
y 2 −y 1
=
x 2−x 1
610.5−11.5.5
¿
10−2
¿61.9
Support B
y 2−y 1
=
x 2 −x 1
14435.5−280.5
¿
10−2
¿144.4
Theoretical Slope

Support A
y2− y1
=
x 2 −x 1
630−126
¿
10−2
¿ 63

Support B
y2− y 1
=
x 2 −x 1
1470−294
¿
10−2
¿147
Theoretical Result

Fixed End Moment at support A

b2
M AB=−W×a×
L2
(300 )2
M AB =−2×700×
2
(1000 )2
M AB2 =−126 Nmm

Fixed End Moment at support B

b
M BA =−W ×a2 ×
L2
300
M BA =−2×(700)2 ¿
2
(1000)2
M BA =−294 Nmm
2

Percentage Error

( Slopetheory −Slopeexp )
= ×100
Slope theory
Support A
63−61 .9
= ×100 %
63
=1 .75 %
Support B
147−144 .4
= ×100 %
147
=1 .77 %

Discussion
 Based on the result, for the support A the minimum fixed end moment for the
experimental value is 115.5 Nmm with 2 N load at beam and maximum is 610.5 Nmm with
10 N load at beam. Meanwhile, theoretical value is -126 Nmm with 2 N load at beam and
-630 Nmm with 10 N load at beam. For support B the minimum fixed end moment for the
experimental value is 280 Nmm and maximum is 1435.5 Nmm while theoretical work is -294
Nmm and -1470 Nmm. The distance load from support A is 700 mm and we using 1000 mm
beam. From figure 1,2,3 and 4, we can relate the fixed end moment and load is increase
linearly. Fixed end moment from both support is increase when load on the beam was added.
The accuracy of result between experimental and theoretical have been checked using
percentage error equation. The error for the support A is 1.75% and for support B is 1.77%.
The data that we get is acceptable because the percentage error for both support is below
from 10%. This is due to some errors occur during the experiment. The errors can come in
many ways such as observational error which is we maybe standing at an wrong angle or
position when reading the reading on the gauge. After that, instrumental error may occur
when we do not make sure the gauge reading exactly zero before running the experiment.
Besides that, the material also can effect the result for instant because the beam did not really
straight during experiment. The beam has been bend due to repeating usage by another group.
This error may reduce if we take some precautions before start the experiment and follow
exactly the instruction that given by instructor.

Conclusion
We can conclude, the relationship between fixed end moment and load will be increasing
linearly if the beam is loaded with more than 1 load with different magnitude. The theoretical
equation of fixed end moment through experimental value by using the superposition method
for indeterminate beam has been validate.

Reference
1. http://writeonline.ca/media/documents/LabReport_TypesOfExperimentalErrors.pdf
2. https://www.sjsu.edu/people/steven.vukazich/docs/CE%20160%20Indeterminate
 %20Beam%20Lab%20Problem%20F16.pdf
3. https://www.academia.edu/9659068/EXPERIMENTAL_SET_UP_FOR_CONTINUO
US_BEAM